Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
AERODYNAMIC
S
PART I
Federal Aviation
Administration
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
MY MOTTO
SHOW ME A PILOT THAT
CANT ANSWER A
CORRELATIVE QUESTION
AND/OR CANT PERFORM A
GIVEN TASK, & ILL SHOW
YOU A PILOT THAT DOESNT
UNDERSTAND WHAT
HE/SHE IS TRYING TO
ACCOMPLISH.
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
FLIGHT
INSTRUCTING MUST
NOT BE THE BYPRODUCT OF
BUILDING FLIGHT
HOURS.
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
BUILDING FLIGHT
HOURS MUST BE
THE BY-PRODUCT
OF FLIGHT
INSTRUCTING.
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
SAFETY
COMMITMENT
VS
DEDICATION
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
AERODYNAMICS
PART I
Federal Aviation
Administration
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
WHAT IS
ATMOSPHERI
C PRESSURE?
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
WHAT DOES 30 hg
MEANS?
HOW WAS
ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE MEASURED?
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
10
36
T O R IC E L L I'S M E A S U R E M E N T
RULER
YARD
STICK
GLASS TUBE
1 S Q U A R E IN C H IN N E R D IA M E T E R B Y
3 536
I N CINCHES
H E S T A L TALL
L
R IC
O
T
'S M
L
E
AS
E
ME
E
R
U
T
N
E1
L
U
R
RE
A
U
Q
S
SN
A
L
G
H
C
IN
BT
U
T
S
M
IA
D
R
E
Y
B
R
E
HE
C
IN
5
3
L
A
T
S
UR
C
R
E
M
YW
AR
N
O
U
C
R
E
M
H
IT
E
N
Y
M ERCURY
C O N T A IN E R
W IT H
M ERCURY
RULER
YARD STICK
36
T O R IC E L L I'S
M E R C U R IA L
BARO M ETER
RULER
YARD STICK
36
T O R IC E L L I'S
M E R C U R IA L
BARO M ETER
T O R IC E L L I'S
M E R C U R IA L
BARO M ETER
3 0 .0 0
A T M O S P H E R IC
PRESSURE
M ERCURY
SEA LEVEL
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
17
M ER C U RY
1 S Q U A R E IN C H
2 9 .9 2 " h g .
1 4 .7 lb s .
1 4 .7 lb s .
WHAT
IS AN ALTIMETER?
A PRESSURE
DIFFERENTIAL
GAUGE
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
20
FROM
SOURCE
15
20
10
5
0
HG
25
30
15
10
3
5
40
15
10
20
5
0
20
25
30
3
5
40
5
0
HG
HG
25
30
3
5
40
FROM
SOURCE
Static
Port
Kollsman
Window
static port
pressure
31.00 hg.
31.00
sea
level
pressure
31.00 hg.
SEA LEVEL
static port
pressure
23.00 hg.
31.00
sea
level
pressure
31.00 hg.
WHAT IS
ALTIMETER
SEA
LEVEL
PRESSURE
SETTING?
CORRECTED FOR
NONSTANDARD
TEMPERATURE.
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
26
DEFINITION OF
AERODYNAMICS
The branch of science
that deals with the forces
produced by air flowing
over specially shaped
surfaces called airfoils.
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
27
TWO THINGS
THE FLOWING OF THE RELATIVE WIND
THE DIRECTION OF THE RELATIVE WIND
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
28
1ST LAW:
Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to
remain in that state of motion unless an external force is
applied to it.
3RD LAW:
For every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
30
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
31
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
32
STALL
PA-28 SERIES
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
33
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
34
AIRFOIL
Any surface designed to
deflect the airflow passing
over it or striking it, and
thereby obtaining an useful
reaction
AN AIRFOIL IS AN
AIR DEFLECTOR
HOW MANY
AIRFOILS ARE
THERE?
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
36
AIRPLANE WING.
AILERONS.
SLATS
LANDING FLAPS.
VERTICAL STABILIZER.
RUDDER.
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER.
ELEVATOR/STABILATOR
FUSELAGE.
TRIM TABS.
FEARING.
PROPELLER.
STRUTS.
ROTOR BLADE.
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
37
WHAT IS LIFT?
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
38
A FORCE CREATED BY
A DEFLECTION OF AIR
AND PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL AROUND AN
AIRFOIL.
IS CALLED LIFT WHEN IT ACTS UPWARD.
WHEN IT ACTS DOWNWARD IS CALLED
NEGATIVE LIFT.
WHEN IT ACTS SIDEWAYS IS CALLED SIDE
LIFT.
WHEN IT ACTS FORWARD IS CALLED THRUST
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
39
HOW IS LIFT
CREATED?
AIR PASSING BY AN
AIRFOIL
DEFLECTION -- ISSAC
NEWTON
AIRS CHANGE OF DIRECTION--BERNOULLI'S
PRINCIPLE
PRESSURE DIFERENTIAL-- BERNOULLI'S
PRINCIPLE
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
40
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
41
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
42
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
43
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
44
CAN WE FLY
WITHOUT THE HELP
OF BERNOULLIS?
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
45
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
46
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
47
THRUST
Thrust is a reaction force described
quantitatively by Newton's second and
third laws. When a system expels or
accelerates mass in one direction the
accelerated mass will cause a proportional
but opposite force on that system.
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
48
LIFT
LIFT is a reaction force described
quantitatively by Newton's second and
third laws. When a system expels or
accelerates mass in one direction the
accelerated mass will cause a proportional
but opposite force on that system.
Thrust is LIFT DIRECTED FORWARD.
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
49
THE PROPELLERS
DEFLECTION OF AIR
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
50
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
51
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
52
DRAG
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
53
PARASITE DRAG
FORM
INTERFERENCE
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
54
INDUCED DRAG
GROUND EFFECT
COMMANDER TYSON
NORTH FLORIDA REGION
OCTOBER 02, 2010
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
55
ASSUMED
ANGLE
OF ATTACK
ASSUMED
LIFT
STAGNATION AREA
UPWASH
RELATIVE WIND
DOWNWASH
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
56
STAGNATION
AREA
RELATIVE CURRENT
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
UPWASH
DOWNWAS
H
Federal Aviation
Administration
57
INDUCED
ANGLE
OF ATTACK
ASSUMED
LIFT
INDUCED
LIFT
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
58
INDUCED
ANGLE
OF ATTACK
ASSUMED
LIFT
DOWNWAS
H
INDUCED
LIFT
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
59
DOWNWAS
H
ASSUMED
LIFT
INDUCED
ANGLE
OF ATTACK
INDUCED
LIFT
WING
TIP
VORTICE
S
TOTAL ENDUCED DRAG
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
60
WING
THREE-DIMENSIONAL
FLOW
UPWASH MODIFIES
RELATIVE WIND
DOWNWASH PULLS
BACK ON LIFT VECTOR
DOWNWAS
H
ASSUMED
LIFT
INDUCED
ANGLE
OF ATTACK
INDUCED
LIFT
WING
TIP
VORTICE
S
TOTAL ENDUCED DRAG
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
62
ASSUMED
LIFT
INDUCED
ANGLE
OF ATTACK
DOWNWAS
H
INDUCED
LIFT
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
63
ASSUMED
LIFT
INDUCED
ANGLE
OF ATTACK
INDUCED
LIFT
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
64
WASHOUT
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
65
WHAT DOES
THE
STABILATOR
DO?
WHAT DOES
THE
ANTI-SERVO
TAB DO?
IF DESCENDING
IN A 60 BANK
HOW MANY G S?
DYHEADRAL
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
70
ADVERSE
YAW
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
73
OVERBANKING
TENDENCIES
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
74
MANEUVERING
SPEED VA
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
75
LOAD FACTOR
BASIC AERODYNAMICS
Federal Aviation
Administration
76