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    Biosignaling: (Pengsinyalan Biologi)

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    HenyAdriyantiRukmana
    The document discusses biosignaling in cell communication. It explains that cells communicate through the secretion of chemical messengers called signal molecules that carry signals to other cells. When a signal molecule binds to a receptor on the target cell, it changes the actions of intracellular proteins and transmits the signal through the cell. Common types of signal molecules include hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters. The signal is transmitted through a process called signal transduction where the signal is converted into an intracellular response. Second messengers generated inside the cell help continue transmitting the message. Signals can be terminated through various mechanisms like receptor desensitization or degradation of second messengers.

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    Biosignaling: (Pengsinyalan Biologi)

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    HenyAdriyantiRukmana
    19 views36 pages
    The document discusses biosignaling in cell communication. It explains that cells communicate through the secretion of chemical messengers called signal molecules that carry signals to other cells. When a signal molecule binds to a receptor on the target cell, it changes the actions of intracellular proteins and transmits the signal through the cell. Common types of signal molecules include hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters. The signal is transmitted through a process called signal transduction where the signal is converted into an intracellular response. Second messengers generated inside the cell help continue transmitting the message. Signals can be terminated through various mechanisms like receptor desensitization or degradation of second messengers.

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    The document discusses biosignaling in cell communication. It explains that cells communicate through the secretion of chemical messengers called signal molecules that carry signals to other cells. When a signal molecule binds to a receptor on the target cell, it changes the actions of intracellular proteins and transmits the signal through the cell. Common types of signal molecules include hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters. The signal is transmitted through a process called signal transduction where the signal is converted into an intracellular response. Second messengers generated inside the cell help continue transmitting the message. Signals can be terminated through various mechanisms like receptor desensitization or degradation of second messengers.

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    19 views36 pages

    Biosignaling: (Pengsinyalan Biologi)

    Uploaded by

    HenyAdriyantiRukmana
    The document discusses biosignaling in cell communication. It explains that cells communicate through the secretion of chemical messengers called signal molecules that carry signals to other cells. When a signal molecule binds to a receptor on the target cell, it changes the actions of intracellular proteins and transmits the signal through the cell. Common types of signal molecules include hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters. The signal is transmitted through a process called signal transduction where the signal is converted into an intracellular response. Second messengers generated inside the cell help continue transmitting the message. Signals can be terminated through various mechanisms like receptor desensitization or degradation of second messengers.

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    of 36

    BIOSIGNALING

    (Pengsinyalan Biologi)
    MUSYARRAFAH

    BAGIAN BIOKIMIA
    FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
    UNIVERSITAS ISLAM AL-AZHAR

    SIGNAL IN OUR LIFE

    SIGNAL Connecting
    Communication

    Biosignaling in Cell
    Communication

    Biosignaling in Cell
    Communication
    In human, different cell
    types carry out different
    functions.
    The
    cells
    communicate
    through
    secretion
    of
    chemical messengers that
    carry a signal to another
    cell.
    Signals change actions of
    intracellular
    proteins
    (metabolic enzymes, gene
    regulatory
    proteins,
    ion
    channels, or
    cytoskeletal
    proteins) in target cells.

    Example of Signal Molecule

    Hormones: Adrenaline,
    Cortisol,
    Glucagon,
    Insulin,
    Testosterone
    and Thyroid
    Local Mediator: Epidermal
    growth
    factor
    (EGF),
    Platellet-derived
    growth
    factor
    (PDGF),
    Nerve
    growth
    factor
    (NGF),
    Histamine, Nitric oxide (NO)
    Neurotransmitter:
    Acetylcholine; GABA

    How to send the signal


    molecule to the target cells?

    The Properties of signal


    molecules: Hydrophobic and hydrophilic
    signal molecules

    Reseptornya
    berada di
    dalam sel

    Reseptornya
    berada di
    permukaan
    membran
    sel

    General feature
    of signal
    molecules:
    Transmit messages
    between cells

    Signal Transduction
    Receptors contain
    a binding site specific for a single
    chemical messenger
    another binding site involved in
    transmitting message.

    Binding site may interact with


    another protein or with DNA:
    either plasma membrane receptors
    or intracellular binding proteins
    (Fig.1).

    When a chemical messenger


    binds to a receptor:
    Signal is converted into an
    intracellular response.
    This conversion is called signal
    transduction.

    Second
    messengers are
    non protein
    generated inside cell
    in response to
    hormone binding that
    continue
    transmission of
    message

    Signal Termination

    Signal
    Termination
    Within each pathway of signal
    transduction, signal may be
    turned off at specific steps:
    1.receptor might be desensitized to
    messenger by phosphorylation.
    2.G proteins automatically terminate
    messages as they hydrolyze GTP.
    3.degradation of second messenger
    (e.g., phosphodiesterase cleavage of
    cAMP).
    4.removing phosphate groups from
    proteins by phosphatases.

    Sites of signal termination.


    Processes that terminate
    signals are shown in blue.

    References
    1. Albert, Molecular Cell and Biology 5th edition
    2. Essensial Cell and Biology
    3. Harper Biochemistry, 29th edition

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