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Kic Ctod시험법
Kic Ctod시험법
IS
KR
IS
Yong-Hak Huh, yhhuh@kriss.re.kr,
Center for Environment & Safety Measurement
KIC
CTOD
KR
IS
KR
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Rocket Case failure
KR
IS
KR
IS
Excessive wear
on stabilizer
jackscrew
death 88 people
IS
KR
IS
KR
Failure an O-ring
seal(polymer)
Challenger (1986)
Failure Stress
Stress
Crack Size
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Design Stress
S
No Failure
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Failure
can occur
Failure
will occur
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IS
IS
2b
Stress
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2a
Distance
max
a
= 1+ 2
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(Fracture criteria)
(stable)
(unstable)
IS
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Criteria :
(Stress)
(Fracture criteria)
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:
( plastic deformation)
(stress
concentration)
(Yield Stress)
Distance
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IS
KR
KR
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(Fracture criteria)
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( )
IS
LEFM
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10
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2
E
2a
at 2
2a
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Ue =
IS
Thickness = t
Modulus = E
Surface Energy
U s = 4at s
Elastic strain
energy released
by crack
11
Surface energy
per unit area =
STABLE
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IS
Total Energy
Energy, U
Surface Energy
at
U s = 4at s
U = U s Ue
Surface Energy
Ue =
da
2
=0
2 s = a
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IS
Crack Length, a
Strain Energy
f =
Total
Energy
U = Us-Ue
2E s
a
EGc
Gc = 2 s + p
f =
KR
IS
KR
IS
13
KR
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, K,
:
IS
KR
= Y a
14
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KR
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15
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Equivalence of Gc and Kc
IS
KR
K c = EGc
f =
EGc
K c = f a
PLANE
STRESS
K1c
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PLANE
STRAIN
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Measured Toughness, Kc
1
thickness
17
Crack
1 K
ry
6 y
IS
1
ry
2
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Plane Stress
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Plane Strain
Plane Strain
Plane Stress
Constraint reduces the
volume of the plastic zone
18
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IS
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19
Tough Materials.
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K1c
a, B, W - a 2.5
y
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20
IS
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IS
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21
The local conditions of stress and strain at the crack tip which
cause fracture are the same for small test specimens and large
structures.
These are described by the crack tip opening displacement
(c or CTOD)
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LARGE
SMALL
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Plastic
Zone
Distance
Force
Plastic
Zone
Force
Distance
22
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Plastic Zone
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Distance
23
W = Gc a
W = c y a
Kc2
Gc = y c =
E
PLANE STRESS (no constraint)
(c affected by thickness)
The J-Integral.
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IS
W=Jc
Crack Length
a1 < a2
a1
IS
Force
W=Gc
Distance
Distance
ELASTIC
a1
a2
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a2
Force
ELASTIC-PLASTIC
24
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The J-Integral
25
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IS
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26
KIC
CTOD
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27
Standard
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ASTM
BS 7448
E 399
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E 1820
BS
E 1737
E 813
BS 5762
E 1290
28
BS 5447
KIC Testing
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IS
KR
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(ASTM)
: ASTM E399 -> E1820()
ISO 12737 :Metallic material-Determination of
plane-strain fracture toughness
29
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IS
IS
Summary of Method
1.6mm KIC .
KR
2 % -
LEFM
KIC .
Yong-Hak Huh, yhhuh@kriss.re.kr,
Center for Environment & Safety Measurement
30
Load, P
P
A'
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IS
Vg
PS=PQ
Pmax
IS
Vg
(A)
0.95
KR
31
Compact Specimen
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KQ = (PQ/BW1/2) f(a/W)
Bend Specimen
KQ = (PQS/BW3/2) f(a/W)
IS
B : Specimen Thickness
KR
W : Specimen Width
a : Crack Length
S : Distance Between Centers of Rolls
32
start
KIC
KR
IS
Yes
, PQ
Yes
Pmax/PQ <1.10
No
IS
KQ
No
B,a2.5 (KQ/Y)2
KR
Yes
No
Yes
1
KIC=KQ' KIC
end
33
1.5
Rsb, Rsc
Number of Test : 3
Dimension Measurement :
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IS
B, W 0.025mm 0.1%
Alignment
Bend specimen
1) Support Roll 1%
IS
3) Roll 1%
KR
4) Roll 2
34
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IS
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35
Test Record
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IS
IS
* Test Record PQ 1% .
Calculation and Interpretation :
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36
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a(s1) - a(s2)0.1aav
IS
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4) Crack Plane 10
37
(A)
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(B)
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38
Fmax
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F5=FQ
FQ
Fmax=FQ
Ty
p
Fmax
eI
II
eI
I
Ty
p
IS
KR
Ty
p
eI
F5
Force, F
39
Displacement, V
120
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IS
80
60
23 tests A
Kc(ksi in)
100
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IS
2.5
2
(Kc/Y)2
40
18 tests
KIC
in
0.0050 To 0.0057
0.0057 To 0.0062
0.0062 To 0.0065
0.0068 To 0.0071
in
1 1/4
2 1/2
0.0075 To 0.0080
0.0080 To 0.0085
3/4
0.0085 To 0.0100
1/2
0.0071 To 0.0075
KR
0.0065 To 0.0068
YS/E
IS
YS/E
Minimum Recommended
Thickness and Crack Length
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IS
Minimum Recommended
Thickness and Crack Length
1 3/4
0.0100 or greater
1 1/2
Yong-Hak
Huh, yhhuh@kriss.re.kr,
2008-04-25
Center for Environment & Safety Measurement
41
1/4
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IS
IS
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(A)
(Plane Strain)
(C)
(B)
42
()
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IS
a
(Kc/Y)2 > 2.5
100
80
IS
60
2.5
Kc(ksi in)
120
KR
a
(Kc/Y)2
43
10
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IS
Load Accuracy : 1%
IS
KR
44
0.355W
2H=1.2W
+
- 0.01W
0.5W
0.188W DIA.
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IS
0.25W DIA.
2H=1.2W
+
- 0.01W
W+0.005W
-
0.375W
W+0.005W
-
0.5W
KR
IS
45
( )
0.6W
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IS
0.3W0.005W
1.25D
0.025W
R 2.54
IS
0.26W
0.25W0.005W
0.5W
R 1.270.254
0.25W
0.025W
KR
.
( 0.375in )
0.5W 0.015W
0.25W
0.5W 0.005W
A , 0.002in .
0.24W + 0.000W/- 0.005W .
Y 1379MPa 0.3W + 0.005W/-0.000W.
0.288W +0.000W/-0.005W .
Yong-Hak Huh, yhhuh@kriss.re.kr,
Center for Environment & Safety Measurement
46
Fatigue Pre-cracking
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Pre-crack : .
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47
Fatigue Pre-cracking
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(max)
/ E 0.00032 mm1/2
Kf
(max)
0.6 KQ
Kf
(max)
f(min)
0.9 Kf
Crack Initiation
(max)
IS
KR
48
KR
IS
30
30
af
1.5mmW/10
a1
a2
a3
120
120
KR
a1
a2
a3
IS
1.5mmW/10
( )
( )
Notch Radius
Straight-Across Notch : 0.08mm
Chevron Notch : 0.25 mm
49
af
KIC
CTOD
KR
IS
KR
IS
50
.
BS 5762 (1979) :
Crack Opening Displacement(COD) Testing
ASTM E 1290 (1989) :
Crack-Tip Opening Displacement(CTOD) Fracture
Toughness Measurement
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IS
Crack Tip
IS
~
0y
KR
~
0ys
COD
Crack tip
rp*
(Dugdale model)
51
Definition of CTOD
Plastic zone
~
0y
~
0ys
Dugdale model
IS
r*
p
COD
KR
Crack tip
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52
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( )
: COD
53
: CTOD
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Knife Edge to
Support Clip Gage
Z
a
Apparent Center
of Rotation
)
COD
CTOD
IS
(W-a
CMD
r (cWa)
KR
Angle of Bend
CTOD = {(COD)r(W-a)}/{a+r(W-a)}
54
r(W-a)
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IS
plastic zone
a) Early idealisation
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IS
Original crack
Deformed crack
55
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IS
()
CTOD
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IS
YES
CTOD
56
NO
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IS
0.5W
W+0.005W
-
0.5W
0.355W
W+0.005W
-
0.375W
2H=1.2W
+- 0.01W
0.188W DIA.
KR
IS
0.25W DIA.
2H=1.2W
+- 0.01W
57
W+0.005W
-
KR
IS
a
2.25W
2.25W
B
B=W/2 +- 0.010W
TEST SPECIMEN
KR
W+0.005W
-
IS
(Rectangular Section),
2.25W
2.25W
(Square Section),
58
W+0.01W
-
KR
IS
@ 60
IS
KR
Notch Width N
= 0.065Wmax(if W is over 25mm)
1.5mm max (if W is less than or equal to 25mm)
59
T-S
ROLLING DIRECTION
EXTRUSION DIRECTION
AXIS OF FORGING
KR
IS
LENGTH
LONGITUDINAL
S-T
L-S
IS
T-L
S-L
KR
L-T
WIDTH
LONG TRANSVERSE
THICKNESS
SHORT TRANSVERSE
60
KR
IS
S=4W+0.02W
-
TEST SPECIMEN
IS
DISPLACEMENT GAGE
TEST FIXTURE
KR
61
KR
IS
0.3W0.005W
D
1.25D
.
( 0.375in
)
: 0.24W+0.000W
-0.005W
R 1.270.254
0.5W
IS
0.25W0.005W
0.025W
0.26W
Y 1379MPa
-: 0.3W + 0.005W
-0.000W.
- : 0.288W+0.000W
-0.005W
R 2.54
KR
0.025W
0.25W
0.5W 0.015W
0.25W
0.5W 0.005W
A , 0.002in .
62
KR
IS
0.188
0.186
1.625
1.620
0.188
0.186
T1
0.020
R
0.010
C1
C2
KR
IS
T2
70
110
0.006
R
0.004
90
0.021
0.019
60
0.030
0.025
63
701
0.375
0.373
KR
IS
: Knife Edge
0.07
0.06
0.125
0.100
IS
0.023in
KR
N
4560
90
0.25
0.20
.
2C+ W/2
0.06
0.05
.
Notch Width N
= 0.065Wmax(if W is over 25mm)
1.5mm max (if W is less than or equal to 25mm)
64
Fatigue precrack
Pf = 0.5(Bb0Y/S)
Pf = 0.4Bb02Y/(2W+a0)
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IS
IS
1 2 3 4 5 6 789
Machined notch
Fatigue crack
Slow crack growth
Post-test fracture
Post-test fracture
initiating saw cut
KR
65
KR
IS
1 2 3 4 5 6 789
Notch tip
W
stress field :
Machined notch
Fatigue crack
Post-test fracture
KR
IS
Post-test fracture
initiating saw cut
.
Fracture test piece face
66
KR
IS
Notch
Fatigue
precrack
Notch
Fatigue
precrack
IS
KR
Notch
Fatigue
precrack
67
KR
IS
COD toughness .
KR
IS
(, HAZ, )-
68
COD Testing
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IS
up to Pf
stress intensity factor : 0.55 ~ 2.75 MPam1/2 /s
(30000 ~ 150000 psi in 1/2 /min)
KR
IS
69
Popin
Pop-in
Pc
Pi
Pi
Vc
Vp
Vi
IS
(d)
KR
Vp
(c)
(b)
(a)
Vi
Vi
Vc
Pi
Vp
Vp
Vp
Vm
Vu
Vu
Load, P
Pm
Pu
Pu
Pc
KR
IS
(e)
Vp
Vp
Vp
70
(a), (b)
: critical CTOD
c
(c),(d),(e)
: u, m
Calculation of c, u, m
KR
IS
= K2(1-2)/2YS E +rp(W-a0)p/[rp(w-a0)+a0+z]
K=YP/[BW1/2]
KR
IS
- difference between the max. and min. of all 9 crack length < 0.1a0
- fatigue crack front
: not closer to the machined notch than the lesser of 0.025W or 1.3mm
- plane of the fatigue crack surface
: not exceed an angle of 10o from the plane of the notch
- crack front : not multi-planar or branched
Yong-Hak Huh, yhhuh@kriss.re.kr,
Center for Environment & Safety Measurement
71
KR
IS
12 3 4 5 6 789
IS
Load P
Machined notch
Fatigue crack
Slow crack growth
Post-test fracture
Post-test fracture
initiating saw cut
KR
72
0.2mm
offset
KR
1.5mm
offset
1mm
offset
IS
0.15mm
offset
0.5mm
offset
KR
IS
R-curve
= 0.4221(0.2972+ a p)
ap
73
0.5971
KR
IS
COD
KR
IS
Initiation
74
Kf < 0.63 ys B
KR
IS
1/2
IS
KR
75