Endocrine and

Reproductive
Systems

Endocrine System
Learning Targets:
I can describe how the endocrine system affects growth and
development.

Answer the following questions . . . True or False

1.Hormones can make you grow nine feet tall.
2.Hormones can affect your ability to taste salty foods.
3.Hormones can cause you to be allergic to milk.
4.Hormones can make twins become triplets before they are born.
5.Hormones can help fight stress.
6.Hormones tell your body how fast it should grow.
7.Hormones affect how much energy you have.
8.Hormones help control when you wake and when you sleep.

What is the Endocrine System?

A system of glands that helps the body function
Contains a group of glands that releases
hormones into the body

I Didnt Know That!

1.True - Hormones can make you grow nine feet tall.
2.False - Hormones can affect your ability to taste salty foods.
3.False - Hormones can cause you to be allergic to milk.
4.False - Hormones can make twins become triplets before they are
born.
5.True - Hormones can help fight stress.
6.True - Hormones tell your body how fast it should grow.
7.True - Hormones affect how much energy you have.

The Pituitary Gland - The Master Gland

Reproduction System

Female Reproductive System

Learning Targets:
I can identify the organs and structures of the female reproductive
system.
I can explain the functions of the female reproductive system.

Female Reproductive Organs

Main Organs include:
1.Ovaries
2.Fallopian Tubes
3.Uterus
4.Cervix
5.Vagina

Ovaries
Contain eggs
Produce sex hormones:
Estrogen and
Progesterone
Producing Eggs: When a
baby girl is born, her
ovaries contain all of
the eggs they will ever
produce. But these
eggs are not fully
developed. They
develop only after the
female reaches puberty
at about age 12 or 13.
Then, just one egg

Fallopian Tubes
Are thin tubes that are
connected to the
uterus and extend
almost to the
ovaries.
Eggs from the ovary
pass through the
fallopian tube to the
uterus.
If an egg is fertilized,
that occurs in the
fallopian tube

Uterus
A hollow organ with
muscular walls.
Where a baby
develops until birth.
The walls of uterus
stretch to
accommodate the
growing fetus and
contract to push the
baby out during
birth.

Cervix
The cervix is the lower
part of the uterus that
opens into the vagina.
During childbirth, the
cervix expands about
4 inches (10
centimeters) so the
baby can travel from
the uterus, through the
vagina, and into the
world.

Vagina
Vagina is a tube that
connects the
uterus to the
outside of the
body.

Functions of the Female Reproductive System

Two functions:
1.Produce eggs (produced in the ovaries)
2.Secrete the Sex Hormone Estrogen
Estrogen has two functions:
3.During adolescence, estrogen causes the changes of puberty.
Estrogen causes reproductive organs to mature and other traits to
develop.
4.During Adulthood, estrogen is needed for a woman to release eggs
from the ovaries.

The Menstrual Cycle

A series of changes in the
reproductive system of
mature females that repeats
every month on average. It
includes changes in the
uterus as well as
development of an egg and
ovulation. If fertilization does
not occur, menstruation
occurs and the cycle repeats.

Male Reproductive System

Learning Targets:
I can identify the organs and structures of the male reproductive
system.
I can explain the functions of the male reproductive system.

Male Reproductive Organs

Main Organs include:
1.Seminal Vesicles
2.Prostate Gland
3.Vas Deferens
4.Urethra
5.Scrotum
6.Penis

Scrotum
The scrotum (also
called the scrotal
sac) hangs under
the penis and
contains the
testicles and
epididymis.

Testicles
The two testicles
(or testes)
produce sperm
and the male
sex hormone
testosterone.

Epididymis
Next to each
testicle, the
epididymis is a
lightcolored
tube where
sperm is stored.
From here,
sperm are
transported to
the vas deferens

Vas Deferens
Also called the
ductus deferens,
this thin
muscular tube
transports the
sperm from the
epididymis to the
urethra

Seminal Vesicles
Located at the base
of the bladder, the
two seminal
vesicles secrete a
thick fluid that
nourishes the
sperm.

Prostate Gland
This walnutsized
gland surrounds a
portion of the
urethra and
produces some of
the fluid in
semen.

Urethra
The urethra is
the tube that
carries semen
and urine out
of the penis.

Penis
The penis is made
of two parts: the
shaft (the main
part) and the
glans (the tip,
sometimes
called the head).
The penis
delivers sperm
through the
urethra.

Similarities and Differences

Growth and Development

Learning Targets:
I can identify the basic unit of life.
I can explain the different stages of fetal develops.
I can describe Ericksons stages of life and identify my current stage.

Fertilization

Formation of Twins

How is Gender determined

Structures Involved in Fertilization Process

Chromosomes: Are threadlike structures found
within the nucleus of a cell that carry the codes
for inherited traits.
Egg Cell: The reproductive cell from the female
that joins with a sperm cell to make a new life.
Sperm Cell: The cell from the male that enters
the egg cell during fertilization.
Fertilization: The joining together of a male
sperm cell and a female egg cell to form one cell.
Embryo: developing organism from fertilization to
about the eighth week of its development.

Combining Chromosomes
X + X Chromosome

23 Chromosomes

Fertilization

X + Y Chromosome

23 Chromosomes

46 Chromosomes

Process of Fertilization
In sexual reproduction: Male and female reproductive cells come together.
Cells are called gametes, but you might know them as sperm and egg.
Each sperm contains 50% of the fathers genes and each egg contains 50%
of the mothers genes.
A basic human body cell contains 46 chromosomes, but the egg and sperm
only contain half that number, or 23 chromosomes.
When an egg and a sperm come together, which is a process called
fertilization, they contribute 23 chromosomes each. Add 23 and 23 together,
and you get one happy 46-chromosome-containing fertilized egg that can
now develop into a new human.

Stages of Fetal Development

Growth During Pregnancy

Embryo - developing organism from fertilization to about the
eighth week of development.
Fetus - the developing organism from the end of the eighth week
until birth.
Placenta - a thick, rich tissue that lines the walls of the uterus
during pregnancy and that nourishes the fetus. The fetus gets
food and oxygen through a blood vessel in the umbilical cord.
Umbilical Cord - a tube that connects the mothers placenta to the
fetus. It also carries away the wastes produced by the growing
fetus.

STAGES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

END OF WEEK 4:
THE HEART, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, BACKBONE, AND SPINAL CORD BEGIN TO FORM.
THE EMBRYO IS .25 () INCH LONG.
about the size of a poppy seed.

STAGES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

END OF WEEK 8:
The heart of the fetus begins to beat. The eyes, nose, lips, tongue,
ears, and
teeth are forming.
The fetus is now up to 1 inches long.
about the size of a raspberry

STAGES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

END OF 12 WEEKS:
Most of the organs and tissues are
developed. Arms, hands, fingers, legs,
feet, and toes are fully formed.
The heartbeat can be heard.
The fetus can weigh up to 1oz and can
be up to 3 inches in length.
about the size of a lime

STAGES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

END OF WEEK 16:
The reflexes are developing. The fetus can suck and
swallow.
The gender can be determined.
The fetus can weigh up to 7 oz and can be up to 7
inches long.
about the size of an avocado

STAGES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

END OF WEEK 20:
Hair begins to grow on the head. The mother begins to feel the fetus
move.
Eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyelids appear.
The fetus can weigh up to 1lb and can be up to 10 inches long.

STAGES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

END OF WEEK 24 (6 MONTHS)
The fetus can open its eyes for short periods of time.
The fetus can weigh up to 2lbs and can be 14 inches long.

STAGES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

END OF WEEK 28 (7 MONTHS)
The fetus has red and wrinkled skin.
The organs are maturing.
The fetus can weigh 3.5 lbs and can be 16 inches long.

STAGES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

END OF WEEK 32 (8 MONTHS)
There is tremendous brain development.
Movement is strong enough to be seen from the outside.
The fetus can weigh up to 6lbs and can be 18 inches long.

STAGES OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT

END OF WEEK 36 (9 MONTHS)
The fetus is now fully developed and can survive outside when
born.
The fetus changes positions to prepare for birth.
The baby can be 7lbs and 19 inches long.

Stages of Birth
Stage 1 - muscles in the uterus begin to
squeeze and release gently. These muscle
movements, called contractions, mean that
birth is starting. At this point, the entry to the
uterus, called the cervix, begins to dilate or
open.
Stage 2 - the cervix continues to dilate,
preparing the baby to pass through.
Contractions become very strong, helping to
push the baby through the cervix, down the
birth canal, and out of the mothers body.
Stage 3 - once the baby is born, the placenta
is no longer needed. The muscles of the
uterus keep contracting until the placenta is
pushed out of the body.

Eriksons Stages of Life

Infancy - Birth to 1 year; child
must depend on others to meet
every need and learn to trust.
Early Childhood - 1 to 3 years;
child is learning to do things on his
or her own and develop the
ability to do things for oneself.
Middle Childhood - 3 to 5 years;
child begins to make decisions and
to think of and carry out tasks;
develop initiative - the ability to
create ones own play.

Eriksons Stages of Life Continued

Late Childhood - 6 to 12 years; child explores surroundings and
masters more difficult skills to develop interest in performing
activities.

Adolescence - 12 to 18 years; this is you! Adolescent searches for his

or her own identity to develop a sense of who one is.

Early (Young) Adulthood - 18 to 40 years; young adult tries to establish

close personal relationships to develop intimacy - a strong relationship
with another person.

Eriksons Stages of Life Continued

Middle Adulthood - 40 to 65 years; adult focuses on accomplishment in
workplace and is concerned with the well being of others.

Late Adulthood (Maturity) - 65 years to death; person reflects on and

tries to understand the meaning of own life to develop a sense of
satisfaction with ones life.

What is
Abstinence?

What is Abstinence?
Abstinence can mean different things to different
people . . .
1. No physical contact
2. Limited physical contact, but no intercourse
3. Abstinence is often referred to as being 100%
safe, which eliminates STDs and/or pregnancy.

Reasons Why People are Abstinent

Give at least 2 examples from each category:
1. Personal
2. Medical
3. Relational

Qualities That Will Help Maintain

Abstinence
1. Resisting Pressure
a. Activities people can do together
without being sexually active
2. Respect of Others Feelings
3. High Degree of Self Control