1

.
,,:

()
.

je
(III ).

SNAMEsPrinciplesofNavalArchitecture (ChaperVII Resistance&Propulsion),

Ed.E.V.Lewis,1988.
SNAMEsPrinciplesofNavalArchitectureSeries:Propulsion,JustinE.Kerwinand
JacquesB.Hadler,2010.
A.F. Molland,S.R. TurnockandD.A. Hudson,Shipresistanceandpropulsion,
CambridgeUniversityPress,2011.
JohnCarlton,MarinePropellersandPropulsion,ButterworthHeinemann,2012.

1
1
1
1

in
ft
mi
nm

=
=
=
=

0.0245m
0.3048m
1609.344m
1802m

1 lt
1 st
1 lb

1 kPa = 1kN/m2

1 bar = 100kN/m2

1 atm = 101.325kN/m2

= 1016.04608kg
= 907.184kg

= 0.43592kg

1 hp
1 ks

= 745.6W
= 735.49875W

(UK)
()

1 kn
= 0.5144m/s
1 kn
= 1.8518km/h
1 m/s = 3.6km/h


,
,
.
()
,,
.


.
.

L=43.6m
B=5.9m
40t

.
8

(50)

IV:
L=24.5m,B=2.8m,T=0.4m,V=12kn

()
.

SantaMaria
(XV
)

HMS Surprise
(20)
HMS Rose
1757..

10


.
:

11


,
.
.

:



,
.

~30 .
,
.

12

,
BelugaShipping ,
.

MV BelugaSkysails

,
5.5%.

13


XVIII,XIX ().
(10000HP).
(
).

.
14

 (
)().

2710Liberty ,
II,
,,(24!)
SS JohnW.Brown,1942.

L=134.57m
B=17.3m
T=8.5m
=14474t
DWT=10856t
P=2500HP
n =76rpm
V=11.5kn
.
(2000.)

(~700g/kWh),
.
15


()
.

SirCharlesAlgernonParsons,1884..
1897.,,Turbinia 34.5kn.
,.
, (HFO),.
16

:
,
,
,

(~300 g/kWh)
:
()
()

.,:

,.
17

HMS Dreadnought

1906..
L=160.6 m
B=25 m
T=9 m
P=17000 kW
V=21 kn
1923..

Antic (2013)
AtlanticStar:20092013
SkyWonder:20062009
PacificSky:20002006
SkyPrincess:19882000
FairSky:19841988

L=240m
B=29.8m
T=8m
P=21800kW
V=21.8kn

je

.
18


(),
.
,, .
,
.
,,.
,.
Brave

Boeing929Jetfoil,1974.

HMS BraveBorderer,1960.

L=27 m
T=2.1 m
V=52 kn

B=7.77 m
P=7830 kW

L=23.9 m
T=4.6 m
V=43 kn

B=9.5 m
400
19


.
()80000kW!

20


(170g/kWh).
().
:
o 250rpm:


o 2501000 rpm:

o 1000 rpm():

21

,
:
o HFO(Heavy
FuelOil) .
.
.
.

22

o 4:

,
,

MDO(MarnneDieselOil)

,
.
23


.
()
:
()

()
(Waterjet)

24

..
.
XIX,.
.

25

,
()

()
26


AntonFlettner (18851961) ,,1920.
2
.
() 1926..
BadenBaden

ROLO EShip1.
2010..
(L=130m,B=22.5m,T=69m,2x3500kW,2
4 d=4ml=27m,V=17.5kn)
27


(HeinrichGustavMagnus),1853.:
(,)()
,,.
.
(
)

18021870

,,
,.

28

,
(1452 1519),,
.

,,
.
,

.
29

 1827.JosephRussel, .

,Civetta,
.

6kn.
30

 1836. Francis Smith, ,

,.


.
,
, 30 ft (9.14m),
6 ks,

.
.
,
4 kn 8 kn.
,
.

31

 1836. JohnEricsson

,
.

, SAD
.
970
(USS Princeton)
.

,
.

32

IsambardKingdomBrunel (18061859) ,
.
:
()



LondonPadingtonstation

18531856.
,

33

GreatWestern
1837.
L=71.6m
B=17.59m
=2300t
P=555kW(2 +2)
V=11kn
GreatBritain
1843.
L=98m
B=15.39m
=3674t
P=750kW(2 +1)
V=11kn
GreatEastern
1858.
L=211m
B=25m
=32160t
P=6000kW(4
1)
V=14kn

34

 , ,

.

.

17 kn

23 kn

31 kn

31 kn

32.8 kn

22.6 kn

24.5kn

16.7kn
35

36

(.
),

().
,IMOa 1997., MARPOL
PreventionofAirPollutionfromShips,AnnexVI,
(NOx)(SOx).

130kW,:

(TIER)

NOx[g/kWh]
n <130rpm

n >2000rpm

01.01.2000.

17.0

45n2

9.8

01.01.2011.

14.4

44 n23

7.7

01.01.2016.

3.4

9 n2

2.0
37

,
:

SOx[m/m]

01.01.2012.

4.5 %

01.01.2012.

3.5%

01.01.2020.

0.5%

(ECA EmissionControlArea)
IMOa:

SOx[m/m]

01.07.2010.

1.5 %

01.07.2010.

1.0%

01.01.2015.

0.1%

38


2011.
CO2 (RESOLUTIONMEPC.203(62)).
EEDI (EnergyEfficiencyDesignIndex)
CO2 ()
().

PB
SFC
CF
K
Vref

CO

,
,
2,
,
.

.
:MEPC.1/Circ.681 2009
.
39

(CO2) :
1. EEDI ,
2.
3. EEI(InternationalEnergyEfficiency
Certificate) EEDI ()
.

EEDI
():

40


CO2 :

.
41