MN : PHN CNG MY

TNH

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BI 1: TNG QUAN PHN CNG MY

TNH
Cc khi nim c bn
Cc h m v n v o
Thut ng my tnh
K thut thao tc an ton
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Thi gian hon tt: 1 bui

MC TIU BI HC
Nhng khi nim c bn
Hiu bit cc h m v n v o
Gii thch cc thut ng my tnh
Hiu bit cc k thut thao tc an ton
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NHNG KHI NIM C BN

My tnh l mt thit b in t dng tnh ton, x l d liu theo
chng trnh lp trnh trc.
My tnh c nhiu dng khc nhau th hin kch thc, hnh dng,
kh nng lm vic, ng dng thc t
My tnh c cc chc nng c bn sau:
X l d liu
Lu tr d liu
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Di chuyn d liu
Nhp/ xut d liu
Qun l, iu khin cc thit b, my mc

Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

Cc giai on pht trin ca my tnh

Giai on 1 (1945-1958): s dng cng ngh n chn khng.
Giai on 2 (1959-1964): s dng cng ngh cht bn dn.
Giai on 3 (1965-1974): s dng cng ngh mch tch hp.
Giai on 4 (1975-n nay): cng ngh mch tch hp vi mt cao
v siu cao.
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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th nht (1945-1958):
Cng ngh n Chn khng

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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th nht (1945-1958):
Cng ngh n Chn khng

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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th nht (1945-1958)
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer): do M ch to
phc v trong qun i vi 18.000 bng n chn khng, nng hn
30 tn, chim din tch khong 1393 m2, c kh nng thc hin c
5.000 php tnh/giy.
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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th hai (1959-1964): Cng
ngh n Cht bn dn

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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th hai (1959-1964)
S pht trin trong lnh vc in t thay th c bng n
chn khng bng n bn dn, n bn dn r hn, nh hn, ta
nhit t hn.
i din tiu biu l my tnh PDP-1 ca cng ty DEC (Digital
Equipment Corporation) v IBM 7094.
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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th ba (1965-1974): Cng ngh
Mch tch hp Vi Mch IC (integrated circuit)

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B vi mch Intel 80486 DX2 c kch thc

126.75 mm.

Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th ba (1965-1974): Cng
ngh Mch tch hp

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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th ba (1965-1974)
DEC PDP-8: trong lc IBM gii thiu v my System/360 th DEC cho ra
i my tnh c trung PDP-8.
C th thc hin mi cng vic ca mt chic my tnh ln nhng gi
ch khong 16.000 USD, trong khi System/360 ln n hng trm ngn
USD.
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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th t (1975-): Cng ngh
Mch tch hp vi mt cc cao

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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh th h th t (1975-n nay)
1971: Intel cho ra i chip 4004 nh du s bt u ca cng
ngh vi x l. 1972: Intel a ra b vi x l 8 bit 8008.
Cui nhng nm 70 b vi x l 16 bit tr nn ph bin.
1981: Bell Lab v Hewlett-Packard pht trin b nh n 32 bit.
1985: Intel gii thiu my tnh 80386 s dng b nh 32 bit.
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Lch s pht trin ca my tnh

My tnh c nhn Pesornal Computer

My tnh PC ca hng IBM sn xut nm

1981
thu cng ty Microsoft vit h iu hnh
MS - DOS
Chic my ny c tc 5MHz

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My tnh PC hng Apple sn xut nm 1977

Mt s thut ng my tnh
PC (Personal Computer): my tnh c nhn
Monitor: mn hnh
Keyboard: bn phm, mouse: chut
Case: thng my
Mainboard (Motherboard): bo mch ch
CPU (Central Processing Unit): n v x l trung tm
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RAM (Random Access Memory):
b nh truy xut ngu nhin
ROM (Read Only Memory): b nh ch c
HDD (Hard Disk Drive): a cng
FDD (Floppy Disk Drive): a mm
PSU (Power Supply Unit): b cp ngun
Bus, cache, chip, BIOS (Basic Input-Output System): h thng nhp xut c bn
Chipset: Chip iu khin thit b
FSB, BSB, socket, slot, expansion card

CC H M V N V O
thc hin vic tnh ton v x l s liu, my tnh s dng nhng h
thng s v cc n v o khc nhau.

Cc h m
H nh phn Binary system(b): l h thng s c s 2 c
dng trong my tnh v in t, gm c gi tr 0 hoc 1 (tt hoc
m).
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V d:

H thp phn Decimal system(d): c s 10, bao gm cc k

t t 0 n 9.
Gi tr s trong h thp phn c xc nh theo nguyn tc:
mi n v mt hng bt k c gi tr bng 10 n v ca
hng k cn bn phi. y l c s m chng ta s dng
hng ngy.
V d:

CC H M V N V O
Chuyn i gia cc h thng s:

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CC H M V N V O

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CC N V O
Bit (b):
L n v nh nht ca d liu c lu trong my tnh.
Tt c cc d liu u phi c m ha thnh tng bit

my tnh c th hiu c.
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Mt ch s nh phn c 2 trng thi 0 hoc 1.

Byte (B):
1 byte gm c 8 bit
Dng th hin dung lng b nh
Dung lng lu tr d liu trong my tnh.

www.themegallery.com

www.ispace.edu.vn

CC N V O
Hez (Hz):
n v dng o tn s
Tc ng h trong my tnh thng c o bng
Megahertz (Mhz).

bps (Bit per second):

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L n v o tc truyn ti d liu Bit/s

Bps (Byte per second) :

L n v o tc truyn ti d liu Byte/s.

www.themegallery.com

www.ispace.edu.vn

Mi quan h gia cc n v o
Tn gi

K hiu

H thp
phn

H nh
phn

1 Bit

1b

0 hoc 1

0 hoc 1

1 Byte

1B

Gm 8 bit

xxxx xxxx

1 KiloByte

1 KB

103 B

210 B

1 MegaByte

1 MB

1 GigaByte

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103 KB

210 KB

1 GB

103 MB

210 MB

1 TetraByte

1 TB

103 GB

210 GB

1 PetaByte

1 PB

103 TB

210 TB

1 ExaByte

1 EB

103 PB

210 PB

1 ZettaByte

1 ZB

103 EB

210 EB

1 YottaByte

1 YB

103 ZB

210 ZB

K THUT THAO TC AN TON

c th bo tr, sa cha, lp rp hoc nng cp my tnh ta cn tun
th mt s yu cu k thut trong khi thao tc.

Chng tnh in
m bo an ton tuyt i v in
S dng vng chng tnh in ngn nga cc hin tng
phng tnh in d gy Logo
h hng cc thit b bn trong my
tnh

Dng c thao tc an ton

Tua vt a nng (multi purpose swrewdriver)
Km mi nhn (long nose plier)
Km ct dy (wire cutter)

Mt s vn cn lu
Chn ni lm vic ph hp.
Ngt in trc khi tin hnh sa cha hoc thay th.
Tho lp thit b phi nh nhng, cn thn. Trnh cc
trng hp nh ri, gn nhm >> c th lm h hng
thit b.
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Khi my ang hot ng th
khng dng tay, hay vt kim
loi chm vo cc chip trn mch, khng di chuyn my.

Kim tra tht cn thn trc khi cp ngun cho my.

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BI TP THC HNH
Kho st cc thnh phn ca my tnh
Monitor
Keyboard, mouse
Bn trong Case h thng
H iu hnh
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TNG KT BI HC
My tnh pht trin qua nhiu giai on v ngy cng
tinh vi vi nhiu chc nng hn.
Cc th h my tnh c phn chia theo cng ngh ch
to.
C nhiu h thng s c dng trong my tnh nh: h
nh phn, h bt phn, hLogo
thp phn, h thp lc phn.
Khi bo tr, sa cha, nng cp my cn chun b y
cc dng c v tun th theo cc yu cu k thut
chung.

HI V
P

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