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Kinematics 1.1 PDF
Kinematics 1.1 PDF
Serway
Chris Vuille
Chapter Two
Motion in One Dimension
Kinematics definitions
Kinematics branch of physics; study of
motion
Position (x) where you are located
Distance (d ) how far you have traveled,
regardless of direction
Displacement (x) where you are in
relation to where you started
Dynamics
The branch of physics involving the motion of
an object and the relationship between that
motion and other physics concepts
Kinematics is a part of dynamics
In kinematics, you are interested in the description
of motion
Not concerned with the cause of the motion
Introduction
Displacement
x final position
xo initial position
x x xo displacement
The displacement x is a vector that points from the initial position to the final
position. SI Unit of Displacement: meter (m)
stop
Distance
A: 130-m
A: 50-m, due east
Displacement Examples
From A to B
xi = 30 m
xf = 52 m
x = 22 m
The displacement is positive, indicating the motion
was in the positive x direction
From C to F
xi = 38 m
xf = -53 m
x = -91 m
The displacement is negative,
indicating the motion was in
the negative x direction Section 2.1
Displacement,
Graphical
Section 2.1
Average Velocity
Average velocity
Displacement
Elapsed time
x x o x
v
t to
t
Units for velocity: m/s, MPH, kmPH.
point
x (m)
t (s)
12
10
E
D
(x6, t6 )
B
0
(x1, t1 )
(x0, t0 )
(x3, t3 )
(x5, t5 )
(x4, t4 )
F
A
(x2, t2 )
point
x (m)
t (s)
12
10
Positive Velocity
Changing Velocity (acceleration)
Constant Velocity
Positive Velocity
Slow, Rightward(+)
Constant Velocity
Fast, Rightward(+)
Constant Velocity
Slow, Leftward(-)
Constant Velocity
Fast, Leftward(-)
Constant Velocity
Acceleration
Acceleration how fast you speed up, slow
down, or change direction; its the rate at
which velocity changes.
Negative Acceleration
A negative acceleration does not necessarily
mean the object is slowing down
If the acceleration and velocity are both
negative, the object is speeding up
Deceleration means a decrease in speed,
not a negative acceleration
Section 2.3
Moving forward;
Moving backward;
Speeding up
Slowing down
Moving forward;
Moving backward;
Slowing down
Speeding up
This acceleration
vector is the
same on the way
up, at the top,
and on the way
down!
a = g = -9.8 m/s2
9.8 m/s2
Section 2.4
Free Fall
A freely falling object is any object moving freely
under the influence of gravity alone
Free fall does not depend on the objects original motion
Section 2.6
Section 2.6
Combination Motions
Section 2.6
2 2
=
2
2 2
=
2
10,970/ 2 02
=
= 273502 / 2
2(220)
=
=
=
10,970/
=
= 0.04
273,502/ 2