Unit 2.

Divisibility

9. Use these divisibility rules to help determine the prime factorization of the following numbers.
a. 118
b. 76
c. 201
d. 123

e. 441

3 Multiples of a number. Least common multiple of two or more numbers.

The multiples of a number are the products of that number and the numbers 1,2,3,4,5,..

Example:
Glossary:
The multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, . . . .

Multiple of
Common multiple
Least common multiple

We say:
10 is a multiple of 5
5 is a factor of 10
10 is divisible by 5

These three sentences mean the same.

A number that is a multiple of two or more numbers is a common multiple of those numbers.

Example:
The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, . . . .
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, . . . .

Can you find the following

common factor of 4 and 6?

Some common multiples of 4 and 6 are 12, 24, and 36.

The least common multiple (LCM) is the smallest common multiple of two or more numbers.
The least common multiple of 4 and 6 is 12.
How do we find the Least Common Multiple of two or more numbers?
We can write the multiples of each number as in the example above.
Another way to find the LCM uses the prime factorization of each number.

Example: To find the LCM of 450 and 600, a) find the prime factorization of each number
450
225
75
25
5
1

2
3
3
5
5

600
300
150
75
25
5
1

2
2
2
3
5
5

b) write the factorization of each number in a table and circle the greatest product in each column