Present perfect and past simple

Present perfect: have/has + past participle

We use ever and never to talk about past experience. They go before the main
verb.
I have never been to Italy
Have you ever been to Italy?
Just and already go before the main verb. I have already done my homework.
Yet goes at the end in negative and question sentences.
Have you done your homework yet?
I havent finished my homework yet.

Recent actions- use present perfect

Ive cut my finger
Hes just arrived at the airport
How long+ present perfect to talk about an unfinished action.
How long have you been married?

Present perfect or past simple?

Use the present perfect when there is a connection between the past and the
present.
Ive been to Madrid twice.
When you dont say when something happened:
Ive just bought a new computer.
Past simple:
Finished actions in the past.
How long were you married to Sam? you are no longer married to Sam
When you say when something happened:
I got married in 2002.

Conditionals
First conditional:
When you are talking about a real or possible situation in the present or future
and what will happen as a result.

I will speak to Sam, if I see him.

will/wont and if + present tense
We can also use may or might. Will is more definite.
If I am sick tomorrow, I will stay at home
If I am sick tomorrow, I might stay at home
If it stops raining, we could/can eat in the garden

Second conditional:
When you are talking about an imaginary or hypothetical situation in the present
or future.
If I won the lottery I would buy a car.
If + past tense, would + infinitive

Third conditional:
When you are talking about something that didnt happen in the past.
If I had known it was going to rain, I would have taken an umbrella.
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
We can also use could have, might have, should have