2

Post Office 1

Post Office 2

Figure 2.1 Postal Service

Sender

Receiver

Figure 2.2 Three Layer of Postal Service

Figure 2.3: Open System Interconnection

Figure 2.4: OSI Layer

Figure 2.5: OSI Model Layers Communicate with Other Layers

Figure 2.6 Relationships among OSI layers

Figure 2.7 Interaction between among OSI layers

Figure 2.8: Headers and Data Can Be Encapsulated During Information Exchange

Figure 2.9 The OSI Layers and their functions

Figure 2.10: Physical layer

Coaxial Cable

Hybrid Cable

Wireless Card

Figure 2.11: Hardware devices

Figure 2.12: Binary Phase Shift Keying

Network Card

Figure 2.13: Commonly used network topologies

Figure 2.14: Data link layer

Figure 2.15: Data Link Layer

Figure 2.16: Network layer

Figure 2.6: Transport layer

Figure 2.18: Session layer

Figure 2.19: Presentation layer

Figure 2.20: Application layer

Figure 2.21: Summary of layer

Figure 2.22: The architecture of the TCP/IP protocol suite

Figure 2.23: Repeater, bridge, and router

Figure 2.24: Addresses in TCP/IP