CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 4-5 : 2010/BYT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V PH GIA THC PHM - CHT GI MU

National technical regulation

on Food Additive - Colour retention agent

H NI - 2010

Li ni u
QCVN 4-5:2010/BYT do Ban son tho quy chun k thut
quc gia v Ph gia thc phm v cht h tr ch bin
bin son, Cc An ton v sinh thc phm trnh duyt v
c ban hnh theo Thng t s 22/2010/TT-BYT
ngy 20 thng 5 nm 2010 ca B trng B Y t.

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V PH GIA THC PHM - CHT GI MU
National technical regulation on Food additive - Colour retention agent
I. QUY NH CHUNG
1. Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut v qun l v cht lng, v sinh an
ton i vi cc cht gi mu c s dng vi mc ch lm ph gia thc phm.
2. i tng p dng
Quy chun ny p dng i vi:
2.1. T chc, c nhn nhp khu, xut khu, sn xut, bun bn v s dng cc
cht gi mu lm ph gia thc phm (sau y gi tt l t chc, c nhn).
2.2. Cc c quan qun l nh nc c lin quan.
3. Gii thch t ng v ch vit tt:
3.1. Cc cht gi mu: l ph gia thc phm c s dng n nh, dy tr
hoc lm tng mu vn c trong cc sn phm thc phm.
3.2. JECFA monograph 1 - Vol. 4: JECFA monographs 1 - Combined
compendium - JECFA monograph 1 - Vol. 4 (JECFA monographs 1 - Combined
compendium of food addiditive specifications; Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on
food additives; Volume 4 - Analytical methods, test procedures and laboratory
solutions used by and referenced in the food additive specifications; FAO, 2006): Cc
yu cu k thut i vi ph gia thc phm, Tp 4 Cc phng php phn tch, quy
trnh th nghim, dung dch th nghim c s dng (hoc tham chiu) trong yu
cu k thut i vi ph gia thc phm; JECFA bin son; FAO ban hnh nm 2006.
3.3. M s C.A.S (Chemical Abstracts Service): M s ng k ha cht ca
Hip hi Ha cht Hoa K.
3.4. TS (test solution): Dung dch thuc th.
3.5. ADI (Acceptable daily intake): Lng n vo hng ngy chp nhn c.
3.6. INS (International numbering system): H thng m s quc t v ph gia
thc phm.
II. YU CU K THUT, PHNG PHP TH V LY MU
1. Yu cu k thut v phng php th i vi cc cht gi mu c quy
nh ti cc ph lc ban hnh km theo Quy chun ny nh sau:

1.1.

Ph lc 1:

Yu cu k thut v phng php th i vi kali nitrit

1.2.

Ph lc 2:

Quy nh k thut v phng php th i vi natri nitrit

1.3.

Ph lc 3:

Quy nh k thut v phng php th i vi natri nitrat

1.4.

Ph lc 4:

Quy nh k thut v phng php th i vi kali nitrat

2. Cc yu cu k thut quy nh trong quy chun ny c th theo JECFA

monograph 1 - Vol. 4, ngoi tr mt s php th ring c m t trong cc ph lc.
Cc phng php th c hng dn trong quy chun ny khng bt buc phi p
dng, c th s dng cc phng php th khc tng ng.
3. Ly mu theo hng dn ti Thng t 16/2009/TT-BKHCN ngy 02 thng 6
nm 2009 ca B Khoa hc v Cng ngh v hng dn kim tra nh nc v cht
lng hng ha lu thng trn th trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin
quan.
III. YU CU QUN L
1. Cng b hp quy
1.1. Cc cht gi mu phi c cng b ph hp vi cc quy nh ti Quy
chun ny.
1.2. Phng thc, trnh t, th tc cng b hp quy c thc hin theo Quy
nh v chng nhn hp chun, chng nhn hp quy v cng b hp chun, cng
b hp quy ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 24/2007/Q-BKHCN ngy 28 thng 9
nm 2007 ca B trng B Khoa hc v Cng ngh v cc quy nh ca php lut.
2. Kim tra i vi cht gi mu
Vic kim tra cht lng, v sinh an ton i vi cc cht gi mu phi thc
hin theo cc quy nh ca php lut.
IV. TRCH NHIM CA T CHC, C NHN
1. T chc, c nhn phi cng b hp quy ph hp vi cc quy nh k
thut ti Quy chun ny, ng k bn cng b hp quy ti Cc An ton v sinh thc
phm v bo m cht lng, v sinh an ton theo ng ni dung cng b.
2. T chc, c nhn ch c nhp khu, xut khu, sn xut, bun bn v s dng
cc cht gi mu sau khi hon tt ng k bn cng b hp quy v bo m cht lng,
v sinh an ton, ghi nhn ph hp vi cc quy nh ca php lut.
V. T CHC THC HIN
1. Giao Cc An ton v sinh thc phm ch tr, phi hp vi cc c quan chc
nng c lin quan hng dn trin khai v t chc vic thc hin Quy chun ny.

2. Cn c vo yu cu qun l, Cc An ton v sinh thc phm c trch nhim

kin ngh B Y t sa i, b sung Quy chun ny.
3. Trng hp hng dn ca quc t v phng php th v cc quy nh
ca php lut vin dn trong Quy chun ny c sa i, b sung hoc thay th th
p dng theo vn bn mi.

Ph lc 1
YU CU K THUT V PHNG PHP TH I VI KALI NITRIT
1. Tn khc, ch s

Potassium nitrite
INS 249
ADI= 0 - 0,06 mg/kg th trng (Khng c s dng
trong thc phm cho tr nh di 3 thng tui).

2. nh ngha
Tn ha hc

Kali nitrit

M s C.A.S.

7758-09-0

Cng thc ha hc

KNO2

Khi lng phn t

85,10

3. Cm quan

Dng ht hoc hnh que nh, trng hoc hi vng. Chy

ra khi ngoi khng kh.

4. Chc nng

Cht gi mu, cht bo qun chng vi sinh vt.

5. Yu cu k thut
5.1. nh tnh
tan

Tan tt trong nc, t tan trong cn.

Kali

Phi c phn ng c trng ca kali.

Nitrit

Phi c phn ng c trng ca nitrit.

5.2. tinh khit

Gim khi lng khi sy

Khng c qu 3,0% (trn silicagen, 4 gi)

Ch

Khng c qu 2,0 mg/kg.

5.3. Hm lng KNO2

Khng thp hn 95,0% tnh theo ch phm kh

6. Phng php th
6.1 tinh khit
Ch

- Th theo hng dn ti JECFA monograph 1 - Vol. 4.

- S dng k thut hp th nguyn t thch hp xc
nh. La chn c mu th v phng php chun b
mu da trn nguyn tc ca phng php m t trong
JECFA monograph 1 - Vol. 4 phn cc phng php
phn tch cng c.

6.2. nh lng
Cn khong 1,0 g (chnh xc n mg) mu th c
lm kh trn silicagen trong 4 gi, ho tan v nh mc
bng nc ct n vch trong bnh nh mc dung tch
100 ml. Dng pipet ht 10,0 ml dung dch ny v cho vo
hn hp gm 50,0 ml dung dch kali permanganat 0,1 N;
100 ml nc ct v 5 ml acid sulfuric, gi u ca pipet
di b mt ca hn hp dung dch. un nh dung dch
n 40 oC, yn trong 5 pht, sau thm 25 ml acid
oxalic 0,1 N. un hn hp n khong 80 oC v chun
bng dung dch kali permanganat 0,1 N.
% KNO2 =

(25 + X)
W

x 4,256

Trong :
X = Th tch kali permanganat 0,1 N dng chun
(ml)
W = Khi lng mu th (g)

Ph lc 2
YU CU K THUT V PHNG PHP TH I VI NATRI NITRIT
1. Tn khc, ch s

Sodium nitrite
INS 250
ADI= 0 - 0,06 mg/kg th trng (Khng nn s dng Natri
nitrit cho tr em di 3 thng tui)

2. nh ngha
Tn ha hc

Natri nitrit

M s C.A.S.

7632-00-0

Cng thc ha hc

NaNO2

Khi lng phn t

69,00

3. Cm quan

Dng bt, ht hoc hnh que nh, c trng hoc hi

vng. D ht m v chy ra khi ngoi khng kh...

4. Chc nng

Cht gi mu, cht bo qun chng vi sinh vt.

5. Yu cu k thut
5.1. nh tnh
tan

Tan t do trong nc, t tan trong cn.

Natri

Phi c phn ng c trng ca natri.

Nitrit

Phi c phn ng c trng ca nitrit.

5.2. tinh khit

Gim khi lng khi sy

Khng c qu 0,25% (trn silicagen, 4gi)

Ch

Khng c qu 2,0 mg/kg.

5.3. Hm lng NaNO2

Khng thp hn 97,0% tnh theo ch phm khan

6. Phng php th
6.1 tinh khit
Ch

- Th theo hng dn ti JECFA monograph 1 - Vol. 4.

- S dng k thut hp th nguyn t thch hp xc
nh. La chn c mu th v phng php chun b
mu da trn nguyn tc ca phng php m t trong
JECFA monograph 1 - Vol. 4 phn cc phng php
phn tch cng c.

6.2. nh lng

Cn khong 1,0 g (chnh xc n mg) mu th kh,

ho tan v nh mc bng nc ct n vch trong bnh
nh mc dung tch 100 ml. Dng pipet ht 10,0ml dung
dch ny v cho vo hn hp gm 50,0 ml dung dch kali
permanganat 0,1N; 100 ml nc ct v 5 ml acid sulfuric,
gi u ca pipet di b mt ca hn hp dung dch.
un nh dung dch n 40 oC, yn trong 5 pht, sau
thm 25 ml acid oxalic 0,1N. un hn hp n
khong 8 0oC v chun bng dung dch kali
permanganat 0,1N.
% NaNO2 =

(25 + X)
W

x 3,450

Trong :
X = Th tch kali permanganat 0,1N dng chun
(ml)
W = Khi lng mu th (g)

Ph lc 3
YU CU K THUT V PHNG PHP TH I VI NATRI NITRAT
1. Tn khc, ch s

Sodium nitrate; Dim tiu, Chile salpetre, Cubic nitre

hoc Soda nitre
INS 251
ADI = 0 - 3,7 mg/kg th trng (Khng s dng nitrat
cho tr em di 3 thng tui)

2. nh ngha
Tn ha hc

Natri nitrat

M s C.A.S.

7631-99-4

Cng thc ha hc

NaNO3

Khi lng phn t

85,00

3. Cm quan

Tinh th trong sut, khng mu, khng mi, hoc dng

ht hoc bt tinh th trng, chy ra khi ngoi
khng kh m.

4. Chc nng

Cht gi mu, cht bo qun chng vi sinh vt.

5. Yu cu k thut
5.1. nh tnh
tan

D tan trong nc, tan nh trong cn.

Natri

Phi c phn ng c trng ca natri.

Nitrat

Phi c phn ng c trng ca nitrat.

5.2. tinh khit

Gim khi lng khi sy
kh

Khng c qu 2,0% (105 oC, 4 gi)

Nitrit

Khng c qu 30,0 mg/kg.

Ch

Khng c qu 2,0 mg/kg

5.3. Hm lng NaNO3

Khng thp hn 99,0% tnh theo ch phm kh

6. Phng php th
6.1. Th tinh khit
Ch

- Th theo hng dn ti JECFA monograph 1 - Vol. 4.

- Xc nh bng k thut hp th nguyn t thch hp
cho hm lng quy nh. La chn khi lng mu
th c th da trn nguyn tc ca phng php m
t trong JECFA monograph 1 - Vol. 4 phn cc
phng php phn tch cng c.

Nitrit

Nguyn l:
Xc nh bng phng php quang ph s dng phn
ng gia nitrit, suphanilamid v N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylendiamin dihydroclorid to nn phc mu hng. o
hp th quang ca dung dch ti bc sng 540 nm.
Thuc th:
- Dung dch sulfanilamid: Ha tan 2 g sulfanilamid vo
1000ml dung dch acid hydrocloric long (TS).
- Thuc th kt hp: Ho tan 0,2 g N-(1-naphthyl)ethylen-diamin dihydroclorid trong nc ct v pha
long n 100 ml. Bo qun trnh nh sng trong l
thy tinh mu nu v gi trong t lnh.
- Chun nitrit: Ha tan 0,750 g natri nitrit ( c lm
kh trc trong 4 gi trn silicagel) trong nc ct
v pha long n 1000 ml (500 g nitrit/ml). Ly 10 ml
dung dch gc ny pha long n 100 ml vi nc ct
(50 g nitrit/ml). Cui cng ly 10 ml dung dch ny,
pha long bng nc ct n 1000 ml, thu c chun
lm vic (0,5 g nitrit/ml).
Tin hnh:
Dng ng chun
Ln lt ly vo cc bnh nh mc dung tch 100 ml 0;
5 ml; 10 ml; 20 ml; 50 ml dung dch chun lm vic v
pha long bng nc ct n 80 ml (ng vi 0; 2,5; 5;
10; 25 g nitrit). Thm vo mi bnh 10 ml dung dch
sulfanilamid, lc u. yn trong 3 pht v thm 1 ml
thuc th kt hp ln lt vo cc bnh, pha long n
vch bng nc ct, lc u v yn trong 15 pht.
o hp th quang ca cc dung dch chun so vi
nc ct bc sng 540 nm, s dng cuvt 10 mm.
Dng ng chun biu th s ph thuc ca hp
th quang so vi lng nitrit trong dung dch (ng
chun phi l ng thng).
Tin hnh th
Cn khong 1 g mu (chnh xc n mg). Ha tan v
nh mc n 100 ml bng nc ct. Dng pipet ht
20ml dung dch, cho vo bnh nh mc 100 ml v pha
long bng nc ct n khong 80 ml. Thm 10 ml
dung dch sulfanilamid, lc u. yn trong 3 pht v
thm 1 ml thuc th kt hp, pha long n vch bng
nc ct, lc u v yn trong 15 pht. o hp
th quang ca dung dch chun so vi nc ct
bc sng 540 nm, s dng cuvt 10 mm. Da vo
ng chun v hp th quang ca dch th o
c, tnh lng nitrit c trong dch th.

Tnh kt qu
Hm lng nitrit =
Trong :

A x 5 (mg/kg)
W

A = Lng nitrit c c t ng chun ( g)

W = Khi lng mu th (g)
6.2. nh lng

Cn khong 0,4 g mu th c lm kh (chnh

xc n 0,1 mg), ho tan vo 300 ml nc ct trong
mt bnh cu 500 ml. Thm 3 g bt hp kim Devarda
v 15 ml dung dch natri hydroxyd (nng 2/5). Lp
bnh cu vi sinh hn v b phn chng tro. yn
khong 2 gi. Cho 50 ml dung dch acid sulfuric 0,1N
vo bnh hng dch ct, tin hnh ct v thu ly khong
250 ml dch ct. Chun lng acid sulfuric d bng
dung dch natri hydroxyd 0,1N s dng ch th l 3 git
dung dch thuc th methyl / xanh methylen (TS).
Tin hnh lm mu trng theo cch lm i vi mu
th v hiu chnh kt qu nu cn.
Mi ml dung dch acid sulfuric 0,1N tng ng vi
8,5 mg NaNO3.

Ph lc 4
YU CU K THUT V PHNG PHP TH I VI KALI NITRAT
1. Tn khc, ch s

INS 252
ADI = 0 - 3,7 mg/kg th trng (Khng s dng nitrat cho
tr em di 3 thng tui).

2. nh ngha
Tn ha hc

Kali nitrat

M s C.A.S.

7757-79-1

Cng thc ha hc

KNO3

Khi lng phn t

101,11

3. Cm quan

Tinh th lng tr trong, khng mu, khng mi hoc dng

bt hay ht tinh th trng.

4. Chc nng

Cht gi mu, cht bo qun chng vi sinh vt.

5. Yu cu k thut
5.1. nh tnh
tan

Tan trong nc, tan nh trong cn.

Kali

Phi c phn ng c trng ca kali.

Nitrat

Phi c phn ng c trng ca nitrat.

5.2. tinh khit

Gim khi lng khi sy

Khng c qu 1,0% (105 oC, 4 gi)

Nitrit

Khng c qu 20,0 mg/kg

Ch

Khng c qu 2,0 mg/kg.

5.3. Hm lng KNO3

Khng thp hn 99,0% tnh theo ch phm kh

6. Phng php th
6.1. tinh khit
Nitrit

Nguyn l:
Xc nh bng phng php o quang s dng phn
ng gia nitrit, suphanilamid v N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylendiamin dihydroclorid trong nc to phc mu hng, o
hp th quang ca dung dch ti bc sng 540 nm.

Thuc th:
- Dung dch sulfanilamid: Ha tan 2 g sulfanilamid vo
dung dch acid hydrocloric long (TS) v nh mc n
1000 ml.
- Thuc th kt hp: Ho tan 0,2 g N-(1-naphthyl)ethylen-diamin dihydroclorid trong nc ct v nh mc
n 100 ml. Bo qun trnh nh sng trong l thy tinh
mu v gi trong t lnh.
- Chun nitrit: Ha tan 0,750 g Natri nitrit ( c lm
khan trc trong 4 gi trn silicagen) trong nc ct
v pha long n 1000 ml (500 g nitrit/ml). Ly 10 ml
dung dch gc pha long ra 100 ml vi nc ct (50 g
nitrit/ml). Cui cng ly 10 ml dung dch ny bng nc
ct n 1000 ml thu c chun lm vic (0,5 g
nitrit/ml).
Tin hnh:
Dng ng chun
Ln lt ly vo cc bnh nh mc dung tch 100 ml 0; 5
ml; 10 ml; 20 ml; 50 ml dung dch chun lm vic v pha
long vi 80 ml nc ct. Thm vo mi bnh 10 ml dung
dch sulfanilamid, lc u. yn trong 3 pht v thm 1
ml thuc th kt hp ln lt vo cc bnh, pha long
n vch th tch bng nc ct, lc u v yn trong
15 pht. o hp th quang ca cc dung dch chun
so vi nc ct bc sng 540 nm, s dng cuvt c
chiu dy 10 mm. Xy dng ng chun biu th s
ph thuc ca hp th quang so vi lng nitrit trong
dung dch (ng chun phi l ng tuyn tnh).
Tin hnh th
Cn khong 1 g mu (chnh xc n mg). Ha tan v
nh mc n 100 ml bng nc ct. Dng pipet ht 20
ml dung dch, cho vo bnh nh mc 100 ml v pha
long vi khong 80 ml nc ct. Thm vo 10 ml dung
dch sulfanilamid, lc u. yn trong 3 pht v thm
1ml thuc th kt hp, pha long n vch th tch bng
nc ct, lc u v yn trong 15 pht. o hp th
quang ca dung dch chun so vi nc ct bc
sng 540 nm, s dng cuvt c chiu dy 10 mm. Da
vo ng chun v hp th quang ca dch th o
c tnh lng nitrit c trong dch th.
Tnh kt qu
Hm lng nitrit =

Ax5

Trong :
A = Lng nitrit trong dch th ( g)
W = Khi lng mu th (g)

(mg/kg)

Ch

Th theo hng dn ti JECFA monograph 1 - Vol. 4.

S dng k thut hp th nguyn t thch hp xc
nh. La chn khi lng mu th c th da trn
nguyn tc ca phng php m t trong JECFA
monograph 1 - Vol. 4 phn cc phng php phn tch
cng c.

6.2. nh lng
Cn khong 0,4 g (chnh xc n mg) mu th c
sy kh ti 105 oC trong 4 gi, ho tan vo 300 ml nc
ct trong mt bnh cu dung tch 500 ml. Thm 3 g bt
hp kim Devada v 15 ml dg dch natri hydroxyd (nng
2/5). Lp bnh cu vi sinh hn v b phn chng
phun tro. yn khong 2 gi. Cho 50 ml dung dch
acid sulfuric 0,1N vo bnh hng dch ct, tin hnh ct
v thu ly khong 250 ml dch ct.Chun lng acid
sulfuric d bng dung dch natri hydroxyd 0,1N s dng
ch th l 3 git dung dch thuc th methyl/ xanh
methylen (TS). Tin hnh lm mu trng theo cch
lm i vi mu th v hiu chun kt qu, nu cn.
Mi ml dung dch acid sulfuric 0,1N tng ng vi
10,11 mg KNO3.