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Kuliah 4 Interpolasi-NewtonDividedDifference
Kuliah 4 Interpolasi-NewtonDividedDifference
POLINOMIAL BEZA
TERBAHAGI
NEWTON
(Newtons Divided Difference Polynomial Method)
Bentuk umum:
f n ( x) = b0 + b1 ( x x0 ) + b2 ( x x0 )( x x1 ) + ...bn ( x x0 )( x x1 )...( x xn 1 )
b0 , b1 ,...bn
Data yang diberi adalah
( x0 , f ( x0 )),( x1 , f ( x1 ))...( xn , f ( xn ))
n + 1 data
2
x = x0 b0 = f ( x0 )
f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
x = x1 b1 =
= f [ x1 , x0 ]
x1 x0
f ( x2 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
x2 x1
x1 x0
x = x2 b2 =
= f [ x2 , x1 , x0 ]
x2 x0
x = xn bn = f [ xn , xn 1 , x1 , x0 ]
3
CONTOH 1(A)
Halaju menaik sebuah roket diberikan sebagai fungsi masa
seperti dalam Jadual 1. Cari halaju pada t=16 saat menggunakan
kaedah beza terbahagi Newton (interpolasi linear) .
t
v(t)
m/s
10
227.04
15
362.78
20
517.35
22.5
602.97
30
901.67
Jadual 1
f n ( x) = b0 + b1 ( x x0 ) + b2 ( x x0 )( x x1 ) + ...bn ( x x0 )( x x1 )...( x xn 1 )
v(t ) = b0 + b1 (t t 0 )
v(t1 ) v(t 0 )
= 30.914
t1 t 0
6
517.35
550
500
ys
f ( range)
450
f x desired
400
362.78
350
10
12
x s 10
0
14
16
18
x s , range, x desired
20
22
24
x s + 10
1
v(t) = b0 + b1 (t t0 )
= 362.78 + 30.914(t 15), 15 t 20
At t = 16
v(16) = 362.78 + 30.914(16 15)
= 393.69 m/s
7
f 2 ( x) = b0 + b1 ( x x0 ) + b2 ( x x0 )( x x1 )
b0 = f ( x0 )
f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
b1 =
x1 x0
f ( x 2 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
x 2 x1
x1 x0
b2 =
x2 x0
8
CONTOH 1(B)
Halaju menaik sebuah roket diberikan sebagai fungsi masa
seperti dalam Jadual 1. Cari halaju pada t=16 saat menggunakan
kaedah beza terbahagi Newton (interpolasi kuadratik) .
t
v(t)
m/s
10
227.04
15
362.78
20
517.35
22.5
602.97
30
901.67
Jadual 1
550
517.35
500
450
y s
400
f ( range )
f x desired
350
300
250
227.04
200
10
10
12
14
16
18
x s , range , x desired
20
20
f 2 ( x) = b0 + b1 ( x x0 ) + b2 ( x x0 )( x x1 )
10
b0 = v(t0 )
= 227.04
v(t ) v(t0 ) 362.78 227.04
b1 = 1
=
15 10
t1 t0
= 27.148
t2 t1
t1 t0
b2 =
t 2 t0
30.914 27.148
=
10
20 15
15 10
=
20 10
= 0.37660
11
v(t ) = b0 + b1 (t t 0 ) + b2 (t t 0 )(t t1 )
10 t 20
Pada t = 16,
v(16) = 227.04 + 27.148(16 10) + 0.37660(16 10)(16 15) = 392.19 m/s
392.19 393.69
x100
392.19
= 0.38247 %
12
b0 = f [ x0 ] = f ( x0 )
f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
b1 = f [ x1 , x0 ] =
x1 x0
f ( x2 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
f [ x2 , x1 ] f [ x1 , x0 ]
x2 x1
x1 x0
b2 = f [ x2 , x1 , x0 ] =
=
x2 x0
x2 x0
f 2 ( x) = f [ x0 ] + f [ x1 , x0 ]( x x0 ) + f [ x2 , x1 , x0 ]( x x0 )( x x1 )
13
f ( x0 )
b1
b2
f [ x1 , x 0 ]
x1
f [ x 2 , x1 , x0 ]
f ( x1 )
f [ x3 , x 2 , x1 , x0 ]
f [ x 2 , x1 ]
x2
f ( x2 )
f [ x3 , x 2 , x1 ]
f [ x3 , x 2 ]
x3
14
f ( x3 )
b3
CONTOH 1(C)
Halaju menaik sebuah roket diberikan sebagai fungsi masa
seperti dalam Jadual 1. Cari halaju pada t=16 saat menggunakan
kaedah beza terbahagi Newton (interpolasi kubik) .
t
v(t)
m/s
10
227.04
15
362.78
20
517.35
22.5
602.97
30
901.67
Jadual 1
15
v (t 0 ) = 227 .04
t1 = 15,
t 2 = 20,
v (t 2 ) = 517 .35
16
b0
t0 = 10
b1
227.04
b2
27.148
t1 = 15,
362.78
5.4347 x10 3
30.914
t 2 = 20,
b3
0.37660
517.35
0.44453
34.248
t3 = 22.5,
602.97
17
Maka
v(t) = b0 + b1 (t t 0 ) + b2 (t t0 )( t t1 ) + b3 (t t0 )( t t1 )(t t 2 )
= 227.04 + 27.148( t 10) + 0.37660(t 10)(t 15)
+ 5.4347 * 10 (t 10)( t 15)( t 20)
3
Pada t = 16
v(16) = 227.04 + 27.148(16 10) + 0.37660(16 10)(16 15)
+ 5.4347 * 10 (16 10)(16 15)(16 20)
3
= 392.06 m/s
392.06 392.19
x100
392.06
= 0.033158 %
18
JADUAL PERBANDINGAN
Peringkat
Polinomial
v(t=16)
m/s
Ralat Mutlak
Relatif
393.69
392.19
392.06
----------
0.38247 %
0.033158 %
19
v(t)
m/s
10
227.04
15
362.78
20
517.35
22.5
602.97
30
901.67
Jadual 1
20
10 t 22.5
10 t 22.5
Maka
16
11
16
2
3
4
t
t
t
= 4. 2541t + 21. 265 + 0. 13204 + 0. 0054347
2
3
4 11
= 1605m
21
d
d
a(t) = v(t) = 4.2541 + 21.265t + 0.13204t 2 + 0.0054347t 3
dt
dt
22
BENTUK UMUM
Diberi (n + 1) data iaitu ( x0 , y 0 ), ( x1 , y1 ),......, (x n 1 , y n 1 ), ( x n , y n ) sebagai
f n ( x) = b0 + b1 ( x x0 ) + .... + bn ( x x 0 )( x x1 )...( x x n 1 )
yang mana
b0 = f [ x0 ]
b1 = f [ x1 , x0 ]
b2 = f [ x 2 , x1 , x0 ]
bn 1 = f [ x n 1 , x n 2 ,...., x 0 ]
bn = f [ x n , x n 1 ,...., x0 ]
23
dan
f [ xi , x j ] =
f ( xi ) f ( x j )
xi x j
f ( xi ) f ( x j )
f [ xi , x j , xk ] =
xi x j
f ( x j ) f ( xk )
xi xk
x j xk
f [ xi , x j ] f [ x j , xk ]
xi xk
f [ xn , xn 1 , x1 ] f [ xn 1 , xn 2 x1 , x0 ]
f [ xn , xn 1 , x1 , x0 ] ==
xn x0
24
maka diperoleh:
f n ( x) = f ( x0 ) + f [ x1 , x0 ]( x x0 ) + f [ x2 , x1 , x0 ]( x x0 )( x x1 )
+ f [ xn , xn 1 , x1 , x0 ]( x x0 )( x x1 ) ( x xn 1 )
= f ( x0 ) +
f [x , x
k
k =1
k 1 , x1 , x0 ]( x
x0 )( x x1 ) ( x xk 1 )
25
f ( x)
x0
f ( x0 )
x1
f ( x1 )
x2
x3
xn
f ( x2 )
f ( x3 )
f ( xn )
f [ xi , x j ]
f [ xi , x j , xk ]
f [ x1, x0 ]
f [ x2 , x1 ]
f [ x3 , x2 ]
f [ xn , xn1]
f [ x2 x1 , x0 ]
f [ xn , xn1 , x0 ]
f [ x3 x2 , x1 ]
f [ xn , xn1 , xn2 ]
26