A Divided

Nation
Unit 4

Bell work 9/21

Unit 4 A Divided Nation

Predict

what we will be
talking about during our
next unit. Write using two
complete sentences!

Kansas-Nebraska Act
Stephen

A. Douglas introduced
a bill to divide the Nebraska
Territory into 2 states 1 free,
1 slave
This would repeal the Missouri
Compromise and establish
popular sovereignty
Passed congress with help of
President Franklin Pierce

Bleeding Kansas
Violence

erupts in Kansas
as slave owners and
abolitionists flood the
territory to sway the vote
Stuff burned but no one
killed on either side

John Brown

John Brown
Believed

that God had called

him to defeat slavery.
Heard that 5 abolitionist had
been killed in a raid
For revenge, he brutally
murdered 5 men from the proslavery camp (Pottawatomie
Massacre)

Bleeding Kansas
Browns

actions sparked
killings on both sides
Over 200 people died
Massachusetts senator
Charles Sumner gave speech
on Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Sumner
Speech

seemed to contain slurs

against S.C. senator Andrew Butler.
Butlers nephew, Preston S. Brooks,
was a member of the House of Reps.
Brooks beat Sumner with a cane in
the Senate chamber until the cane
broke.
Southerners sent Brooks new canes.

Vocabulary

Students must complete their

vocabulary words during class this
morning.

I will be posting the correct

terminology tonight!

Bell work 9-22

What does it mean to be a

community?

What role should everyone play?

Community Word Clouds

Dred Scott Case

1856

Dred Scott v. Stanford

Scott was a slave whos
owner took him North of
Missouri Compromise line
Scott sues for his freedom
after owner dies

Dred Scott Case

Court

rules:
1. Slaves do not have rights of
citizens
2. Missouri Compromise
unconstitutional. Violation of
5th Amendment property rights.
South cheered.
North in shock.

John Browns Raid

By

1859 John Brown had financial

backing from wealthy abolitionists
Led 21 men (b&w) on a raid of the
arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA
Plan was to distribute arms to
slaves in surrounding area to stage
a revolt.
No slaves came to join him.

John Browns Raid

Marines

under Robert E. Lee

captured Brown and ended
revolt
Brown tried for treason and
hanged
Many thought he was crazy
Some thought of him as a martyr

Election of 1860
Lincoln

elected the 1st Republican

president November, 1860
South Carolina secedes December 1860
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Texas follow in Jan. 1861
Form the Confederate States of
America
Jefferson Davis elected president

Border States
4

slaves states were

undecided about leaving the
Union
Maryland, Kentucky,
Missouri, and Delaware

Fort Sumter
Union

fort in Charleston harbor.

Confederates order fort evacuated.
Lincoln chose to not surrender nor
reinforce the fort trying to avoid
war.
Davis orders 1st move.
Confederates bombard fort.
Lincoln calls for troops

Secession
April

Virginia
May Arkansas, Tennessee,
and North Carolina
West Virginia breaks away
and joins the Union in 1863

Antietam
Antietam,

Maryland
Bloodiest single battle in US
history
26,000 Casualties (more than
the War of 1812 and the
Mexican War combined)
Battle is a draw, but
Confederates finally retreat

Emancipation
Proclamation
Lincolns

objective was to
preserve the Union, not to save
or end slavery
January 1, 1863 to discourage
England from helping the South
Lincoln gives the EP
Freed slaves in Confederate
States, not in Union States.

Anaconda Plan
1.

Union blockade of
Southern Ports
2. Take control of Mississippi
River to cut South in two.
3. Capture Confederate
capital at Richmond, VA

Habeas Corpus
Habeas

Corpus right of a person to

have a court decide if they are being
held legally
Lincoln suspends habeas corpus in the
Union. Nearly 13,000 Confederate
sympathizers were imprisoned.
Lincoln will also seize telegraph offices
He ignores a reprimand from the
Supreme Court for violating the
Constitution.

Vicksburg
Confederate

port city on the

Mississippi.
Falls to the Union, cuts
South in half.

Gettysburg
Turning

point of the Civil War

Loss will cripple the Southern
forces
Confederates will not have
strength again to invade the
North

Gettysburg Address
2

minute speech given by Lincoln

Renewed commitment to
preserve the Union
that the government of the
people, by the people, for the
people shall not perish from the
earth.

Atlanta
General

William T. Sherman
and Union troops march
though Georgia
Leave a path of destruction
from Atlanta to Savannah
Scorched Earth
Takes the war to the civilians
- Total War

Lincolns 2
Inaugural
As

nd

Lincoln is sworn in at the

end of the Civil War his
speech is about restoring
the Union With charity for
all; malice toward none

Appomattox Court
House
Appomattox,

Virginia
Lee surrenders to Grant to end
the war.
Generous terms: soldiers
pardoned, allowed to keep
horses, and given 3 days
rations, officers allowed to
keep pistols

Ulysses S. Grant
Union

General, not good at

anything else
Demanded unconditional
surrender from the
Confederates

Stonewall Jackson
Confederate

General Thomas J.

Jackson
Earned nickname Stonewall for
not retreating in the battle of
Bull Run
He won the battle but was later
shot accidentally by his own men

Robert E. Lee
Confederate

General
Opposed secession, but
turned down an offer to lead
the Union forces
His home still stands
in the middle of
Arlington National
Cemetery.

Jefferson Davis
President

of the Confederacy
Former US Senator and
Congressman
Motivational but incompetent
Caught trying to escape to
Texas wearing a womans coat
and shawl
Indicted for treason, charges
later dropped

13

th

Amendment

Abolished

slavery except
as punishment for a
crime.

Death of Lincoln
5

days after the end of the war,

Lincoln is assassinated.
John Wilkes Booth: actor and
Southern sympathizer, shot
Lincoln in the back of the head.
Lincoln dies the next morning.
Booth is caught 12 days later
and later hanged.

Lincolns Plan

10%
All

Plan:

confederates would be pardoned

except high ranking officers and
those guilty of crimes against POWs
When 10% of 1860 voters in a state
swore allegiance to the Union, the
state could form a new government
and gain representation in
Congress.
Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee,
and Virginia

Presidential
Reconstruction
Under

President Johnson states

must:
Withdraw secession, swear
allegiance to the Union, cancel
confederate war debts, and
ratify the 13th Amendment
All remaining states, except
Texas, re-joined the Union

14
Made

th

Amendment

all people born or

naturalized in the US citizens
with rights to equal protection
under the laws.
No state could deprive a person
of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law.

Congressional
Reconstruction
Congress

takes over
reconstruction.
All former Confederate states
kicked out again for refusing to
ratify the 14th Amendment, except
Tennessee (which ratified it)
South divided into military districts
headed by Union Generals.

Johnson Impeached
1st

President to face
Impeachment charges.
Charged with violating the
Tenure of Office Act
Senate was one vote short
for conviction

15
No

th

Amendment

one can be kept from

voting based on race, color,
or previous condition of
servitude.