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Chapter 12: Shear Strength of Soil: Example 12.1
Chapter 12: Shear Strength of Soil: Example 12.1
Shear stress, t
)]
[tf(1), s(1
d1
d2
Figure 12.17
Curvilinear nature of Mohrs
failure envelope in sand
Normal stress, s
This is shown in Figure 12.17. In a similar manner, if the test is conducted with
s s122, then
d d2 tan1 c
tf122
s122
As can be seen from Figure 12.17, d2 d1 since s2 s112. Keeping this in mind,
it must be realized that the values of f given in Table 12.1 are only the average values.
Example 12.1
Following are the results of four drained direct shear tests on an overconsolidated clay:
Diameter of specimen 50 mm
Height of specimen 25 mm
Test
no.
Normal
force, N
(N)
Shear force at
failure, Speak
(N)
Residual shear
force, Sresidual
(N)
1
2
3
4
150
250
350
550
157.5
199.9
257.6
363.4
44.2
56.6
102.9
144.5
Determine the relationships for peak shear strength (tf) and residual shear strength (tr).
379
Solution
50 2
b 0.0019634 m2. Now the following
Area of the specimen 1A2 1p/4 2 a
1000
table can be prepared.
Test
no.
Normal
force, N
(N)
Normal
stress, S
(kN/m2)
Peak shear
force, Speak
(N)
1
2
3
4
150
250
350
550
76.4
127.3
178.3
280.1
157.5
199.9
257.6
363.4
A
(kN/m2)
Residual
shear
force,
Sresidual
(N)
80.2
101.8
131.2
185.1
44.2
56.6
102.9
144.5
Tf
Speak
Tr
Sresidual
A
(kN/m2)
22.5
28.8
52.4
73.6
The variations of tf and tr with s are plotted in Figure 12.18. From the plots, we
nd that
Peak strength:
tf 1kN/m2 2 40 S tan 27
(Note: For all overconsolidated clays, the residual shear strength can be expressed as
tr s tan fr
where fr effective residual friction angle.)
300
250
200
150
tf versus s
100
27 f
50
tr versus s
c 40 kN/m2
fr 14.6
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
Effective normal stress, s (kN/m2)
300
350
Figure 12.18
Variations
of tf and tr
with s