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Tính Năng BPDU Guard, Uplink Fast, Backbone Fast Và Root Guard
Tính Năng BPDU Guard, Uplink Fast, Backbone Fast Và Root Guard
Backbonefast
Backbonefast ti u thi gian hi t cho bt k s mng no, ci tin thi gian hi t
khi c cc hng hc gin tip xy ra. Khi mt vi kt ni trc tip xy ra, switch s khng
ch cho khong thi gian MaxAge ht. Cc switch khng nhn c hello BPDU s ch
khong thi gian MaxAge tri qua th mi bt u th thay i topology.
Tnh nng backbonefast s lm cc switch hc cc s c gin tip ca spanning tree v
hi cc switch upstream l cc switch ny c bit v s c hay khng. thc hin vic
ny, khi gi tin hello u tin b mt, switch s gi ra cc frame truy vn Root Link
Query trn tt c cc cng m l ra phi nhn c hello. RLQ s hi switch lng ging
rng switch lng ging c cn nhn hello BPDU t root. Nu switch lng ging ang
gp s c hng hc trc tip, n s tr li l ng i t n v root mt. Khi bit c
iu ny, switch ban u s tip tc tnh ton li m khng ch khong thi gian
MaxAge. Tt c cc switch trong s mng s phi cu hnh tnh nng backbonefast.
Vi vn t ra:
Bnh thng, nu khng dng backbone fast, iu g s xy ra nu c mt link b down?
Thi gian max age l g?
indirect link failure (hng hc gin tip) l g?
tnh nng ny tit kim bao nhiu giy?
Tnh nng UDLD
Giao thc Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD) cho php cc thit b ang kt ni vi
nhau bng cp quang hoc cp ng c th quan st v pht hin c cc vn v
trng thi kt ni vt l ca h thng cp khi c hin tng kt ni theo mt hng duy
nht (Unidirectional Link) xy ra.
Bnh thng, d liu trn cc ng cp quang hoc cp ng c truyn theo hai
chiu. Vi cp quang, c th mt si truyn v mt si s nhn tn hiu. Nu, v mt l
do no mc vt l, ch mt si quang thc hin truyn tn hiu, si cn li b hng
hc v khng thc hin ng chc nng, dng d liu s ch c truyn theo mt chiu
mt cch chp chn.
Mt h qu ca vn nu trn l thit b switch u bn kia khng nhn c cc
dng frame cn thit, v d nh BPDU chng hn, switch u bn kia s ngh rng, n
cn thit phi chuyn port (l port gn cp quang v khng nhn c BPDU) sang
trng thi forwarding.
Lc ny, hin tng bridging loop c th xy ra do thut ton Spanning tree quyt nh
sai trng thi ca port ca switch (l ra vn nn tip tc blocking nhng switch li quyt
nh chuyn sang forwarding).
Hin tng Unidirectional link ny gy ra nhiu h qu khc nhau khng c li cho mi
trng LAN, bao gm c vic gy nh hng n kh nng chng loop trong giao thc
spanning-tree.
Khi hin tng Unidirectional Link c pht hin, tnh nng UDLD s shutdown cc
cng ca switch b nh hng, v pht ra cnh bo cho cc ngi dng bit c tnh
trng hin ti ca interface ny.
UDLD l giao thc hot ng ti lp 2 nhng li lm vic v gip pht hin nhng vn
lp physical vi cc thit b lp mt c th xc nh trng thi kt ni vt l ca
mt kt ni no .
Ti lp 1, cc phng thc t ng thng lng (autonegotiation) m trch cc tn
hiu vt l v pht hin li. Khc vi qu trnh autonegotiation, UDLD thc thi cc tc v
m cc phng thc t ng d tm autonegotiation khng th thc thi. V d nh pht
hin tnh trng hin ti ca cc neighbor v shutdown cc "misconnected interface".
Khi ta bt ln ng thi "autonegotiation" v UDLD, lp 1 v 2 s lm vic cng nhau
ngn nga cc hin tng kt ni theo mt hng v mt vt l v lun l.
Hin tng Unidirectional Link xy ra khi c "local device" no pht ra cc tn hiu
v c tip nhn bi "neighbor" nhng "local device" ny li khng th tip nhn cc tn
hiu do "neighbor" ny tr v.
Nu mt trong cc mch quang trong mt cp dy b ngt , khi m autonegotiation
c active, kt ni khng trng thi UP. Nu cp dy cp quang ny hot ng bnh
thng lp 1, th giao thc UDLD ti lp 2 s xc nh cc cp quang ny c c kt
ni ng hay khng v cc traffic c ang truyn theo c hai hng gia cc neighbor
hay khng.
Qu trnh Autonegotiation khng th thc thi kh nng ny bi v qu trnh negotiation
hot ng lp 1.
V c ch hot ng v cch cu hnh ca UDLD.
Switch truyn cc gi UDLD ti cc thit b lng ging neighbor theo chu k khi giao
thc UDLD va c bt ln. Cc thit b c hai u kt ni phi h tr giao thc
UDLD giao thc ny c th nh ngha, ngha l, bn phicu hnh UDLD c hai
thit b hai u. Mc nh, giao thc UDLD c tt trn giao din kt ni bng cp
ng trnh vic gi cc traffic iu khin khng cn thit.
Switch B c th nhn c cc traffic t Switch A trn interface kt ni c th. Tuy nhin
Switch A khng th nhn c traffic t Switch B trn cng interface tng t. UDLD
pht hin ra vn ny v disable interface ny.
Cc cu hnh mc nh trn Switch Cisco 4500 series:
+ ULDL global enable state : Globally disabled
guard trn Root switch hoc cc switch no m ta khng mun nhn BPDUs ca mt
switch l , khng cu hnh root guard trn swich c tnh nng uplink fast . V khi cu hnh
Root Guard trn switch ny s lm cho cc alternated port ri vo trng thi Rootinconsistent . iu ny lm cho cc alternated port khng th chuyn sang trng thi
forwarding .
Cu hnh Root guard trn interface no mun protect bng cu lnh : Switch(config-if)#
spanning-tree guard root
Vi tnh nng port fast cho php switch port c th vo trng thi Forwarding ngay lp
tc khi link kt ni vi port up ln . Tnh nng port fast c s dng khi kt ni vi
PC ti access-layer . Port past c enable ln khi chc chn rng trn port khng th
xy ra loop . Ta enable port fast ln khng c ngha l disable STP trn port . Nu
c mt Switch mi b cm nhm vo port c tnh nng port fast th switch-loop s xy ra
v port fast cho php forwarding ngay lp tc . Trong khi detect ra switching loop
th phi tri qua 1 khong thi gian v cc trng thi khc nhau th port mi a vo s
dng bnh thng c .
Tnh nng BPDU guard c i km vi port fast . Khi switch nhn c BPDU trn
port fast th port s b a vo trng thi errdisable . Mun s dng li port ny th phi
manual no shut hoc i khong thi gian errdisable timeout ht hn .