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SCIENCE (Theory) : General Instructions
SCIENCE (Theory) : General Instructions
Maximum Marks : 60
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS :
1.
The question paper comprises of two sections, A and B. You are to attempt both
the sections.
2.
3.
There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in all the
three questions of five marks category. Only one option in such questions is to be
attempted.
4.
All questions of section A and all questions of section B are to be attempted separately.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2.
3.
What changes in the colour of iron nails and copper sulphate solution do you observe
after keeping the iron nails dipped in copper sulphate solution for about 30 minutes?
State two characteristic features of carbon which when put together give rise to a
large number of carbon compounds.
Explain why a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror
gets reflected along the same path.
186
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
What is the nature of the image formed by a concave mirror if the magnification
produced by the mirror is + 3 ?
A charged particle enters at right angles into a uniform magnetic field as shown.
What should be the nature of charge on the particle if it begins to move in a direction
pointing vertically out of the page due to its interaction with the magnetic field ?
Name the part of our eyes that helps us to focus near and distant objects in quick
succession.
What happens when an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate reacts with an aqueous
solution of barium chloride? State the physical conditions of reactants in which the
reaction between them will not take place. Write the balanced chemical equation for
the reaction and name the type of reaction.
What is the main constituent of biogas ? How is biogas obtained from biomass ?
Write any two advantages of using this gas.
In the figure given below a narrow beam of white light is shown to pass through a
triangular glass prism. After passing through the prism it produces a spectrum XY on
a screen.
187
10.
11.
(a)
(b)
Why do different colours of white light bend through different angles with
respect to the incident beam of light ?
What is a solenoid ? Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of a solenoid through
which a steady current flows. What does the pattern of field lines inside the solenoid
indicate ?
(ii)
(iii)
12.
13.
At what distance should an object be placed from a convex lens of focal length
18 cm to obtain an image at 24 cm from it on the other side. What will be the
magnification produced in this case ?
14.
15.
No chemical reaction takes place when granules of a solid, A, are mixed with the
powder of another solid, B. However when the mixture is heated, a reaction takes
place between its components. One of the products, C, is a metal and settles down
in the molten state while the other product, D, floats over it. It was observed that the
reaction is highly exothermic.
(i)
(ii)
Mention any two types of reactions under which above chemical reaction can
be classified.
Name the functional group of organic compounds that can be hydrogenated. With
the help of suitable example explain the process of hydrogenation mentioning the
conditions of the reaction and any one change in physical property with the formation
188
of the product. Name any one natural source of organic compounds that are
hydrogenated.
16.
17.
To which group or period of the periodic table do the listed elements belong ?
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Which one of the eight elements is most likely to be found in gaseous state at
room temperature ?
(v)
Write the names and symbols of two most reactive metals belonging to group I of
the periodic table. Explain by drawing electronic structure how either one of the two
metals reacts with a halogen. With which name is the bond formed between these
elements known and what is the class of the compound so formed known ?
State any four physical properties of such compounds.
Or
What is meant by refining of a metals ? Name the most widely used method of
refining impure metals produced by various reduction processes. Describe with the
help of a labelled diagram how this method may be used for refining of copper.
18.
Derive the expression for the heat produced due to a current I flowing for a time
interval t through a resistor R having a potential difference V across its ends.
With which name is the relation known ? How much heat will an instrument of
12W produce in one minute if it is connected to a battery of 12V ?
Or
189
Explain with the help of a labelled circuit diagram how you will find the resistance of
a combination of three resistors, of resistance R1, R2 and R3, joined in parallel. Also
mention how you will connect the ammeter and the voltmeter in the circuit when
measuring the current in the circuit and the potential difference across one of the
three resistors of the combination.
Section B
19.
Name the green dot like structures in some cells observed by a student when a leaf
peel was viewed under a microscope. What is this green colour due to ?
20.
21.
How is the increasing demand for energy adversely affecting our environment ?
22.
What are hormones ? Name the hormone secreted by thyroid and state its. function.
23.
With the help of diagrams show the different stages of binary fission in Amoeba.
24.
Give one example each of characters that are inherited and the ones that are
acquired in humans. Mention the difference between the inherited and the acquired
characters.
Write the full form of DNA. Name the part of the cell where it is located. Explain
its role in the process of reproduction of the cell.
Explain the process of digestion of food in mouth, stomach and small intestine in
human body.
25.
26.
27.
Or
(a)
List the three events that occur during the process of photosynthesis. Explain
the role of stomata in this process.
(b)
190
What change in colour is observed when white silver chloride is left exposed to
sunlight ? State the type of chemical reaction in this change.
2.
3.
Write the names and chemical formula of the products formed by the action of
chlorine on slaked lime.
A person is advised to wear spectacles with concave lenses. What type of defect
of vision is he suffering from ?
What will be the observed colour of the sky on a planet where there is no atmosphere ?
Why ?
Name the component of white light that deviates the least and the component that
deviates the most while passing through a glass prism.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
When the powder of a common metal is heated in an open china dish, its colour
turns black. However, when hydrogen is passed over the hot black substance so
formed, it regains its original colour. Based on the above information answer the
following questions:
(i)
What type of chemical reaction takes place in each of the two given steps ?
(ii)
Name the metal initially taken in the powder form. Write balanced chemical
equations for both reactions.
Write the name and molecular formula of an organic compound having its name
suffixed with - ol and having two carbon atoms in the molecule. With the help of a
balanced chemical equation indicate what happens when it is heated with excess of
conc. H2SO4.
What happens when wood is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen ? Name the residue
left behind after the reaction and state two advantages of using this residue as a fuel
over wood.
In an experiment with a rectangular glass slab, a student observed that a ray of light
incident at an angle of 55 with the normal on one face of the slab, after refraction
191
strikes the opposite face of the slab before emerging out into air making an angle of
40 with the normal. Draw a labelled diagram to show the path of this ray. What
value would you assign to the angle of refraction and angle of emergence?
11.
12.
13.
1.0
2.2
3.0
4.0
6.4
Current I (amperes)
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.4
0.6
On examining the above observations the teacher asked the student to reject one
set of readings as the values were out of agreement with the rest. Which one of the
above sets of readings can be rejected ? Calculate the mean value of resistance of
the resistor based on the remaining four sets of readings.
State in brief the reaction involved in harnessing nuclear energy from uranium. Mention
any two environmental hazards involved in harnessing nuclear energy.
An ester has the molecular formula C4H8O2. Write its structural formula. What
happens when this ester is heated in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution ?
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and name the products. What
is a saponification reaction ?
14.
(ii)
Will elements A to G belong to the same period or same group of the periodic
table ?
(iii)
Write the formula of the compound formed by the reaction of the element A
with oxygen.
(iv)
15.
16.
(v)
(vi)
Which one of the given elements is likely to have the smallest atomic radius ?
How far should an object be placed from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm to
obtain its image at a distance of 30 cm from the lens ? What will be the height of the
image if the object is 6 cm tall ?
Calculate:
17.
6V
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
What happens when an iron strip is put into separate beakers containing aqueous
solutions of copper sulphate and zinc sulphate ? Where is iron placed in the activity
series with respect to copper and zinc ? Describe the steps involved in the extraction
of zinc from its sulphide and carbonate ores. Support your answer with balanced
chemical equation for the chemical reactions involved in the process.
OR
(a)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b)
18.
Name the process of obtaining a pure metal from an impure metal through
electrolysis. Suppose you have to refine copper using this process, then explain
with the help of a labelled diagram the process of purification, mentioning in
brief the materials used as (i) anode, (ii) cathode and (iii) electrolyte.
Describe an activity to (i) demonstrate the pattern of magnetic field lines around a
straight conductor carrying current, and (ii) find the direction of the field produced
for a given direction of current in the conductor. Name and state the rule to find the
direction of magnetic field associated with a current carrying conductor. Apply this
rule to determine the direction of the magnetic field inside and outside a current
carrying circular loop lying horizontally in the plane of a table. Assume that the current
through the loop is clockwise.
OR
What is electromagnetic induction ? State different ways of inducing current in a
coil. Suggest the most convenient situation for inducing current in a coil. State the
situation in which the induced current in the coil is found to be the highest. Name and
state the rule used to know the direction of the induced current.
SECTION B
19.
State any one difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition.
20.
Give one reason why multicellular organisms require special organs for exchange of
gases between their body and their environment.
21.
22.
Name the two main organs of our central nervous system. Which one of them plays a
major role in sending command to muscles to act without involving thinking process ?
Name the phenomenon involved.
23.
With the help of an example show that reuse strategy is better than recycling.
24.
25.
Explain the process of breakdown of glucose in a cell (i) in the presence of oxygen,
(ii) in the absence of oxygen.
26.
194
27.
(a)
(b)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
OR
(a)
(b)
Give example of two bacterial and two viral sexually transmitted diseases.
Name the most effective contraceptive which prevents spread of such diseases.
195
3.
State the position and nature of the image formed when an object is placed at the
centre of curvature of a concave mirror.
Will the flow of an electric current take place more easily through a thick wire or
a thin wire of the same material when connected to the same source of electric
power ? Why ?
6.
7.
How is charcoal obtained from dry wood ? Write any two criteria for considering
charcoal a better fuel than wood.
What chemical compound is Plaster of Paris ? What happens when it is mixed with
some water and allowed to stand ? Write any two uses of Plaster of Paris.
5.
8.
9.
10.
11.
(i)
Solder, an alloy of lead and tin, is used for joining electrical wires and not the
lead or tin.
(ii)
Write SI unit of electric current. How is electric current through a conductor related
to the potential difference across its terminals ? What really flows through a copper
wire when an electric current flows through it ?
State the meaning of refraction of light when a ray of light passes obliquely through
a rectangular glass slab. State Snells law of refraction.
196
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
State one limitation each for extracting energy from the following energy sources:
(i)
Wind
(ii)
Tides
What is an ore ? Name the steps involved for obtaining zinc metal from its sulphide
ore. Write the chemical equations for the reactions involved.
(i)
What is the atomic number of this element and in which period of the Modern
Periodic Table will it be located ?
(ii)
(iii)
Three resistors have respective resistances of (a) 2 , (b) 3 and (c) 6 . What
will be the effective resistance of their combination if
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
State two properties of carbon which lead to carbon forming more compounds
than any other element.
(b)
Name the product formed when ethanoic acid reacts with pure ethanol in the
presence of an acid catalyst. Write the chemical equation for the reaction
involved.
(c)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
18.
(b)
How are soaps chemically different from detergents ? How is it that detergents
are more effective than soaps in hard water ?
(a)
What is hypermetropia ? List two causes for the development of this defect of
vision. How may this defect be corrected ?
(b)
A person can distinctly see an object placed beyond 100 cm. Calculate the
power of the lens he would require to read a book placed at a distance of
25 cm.
OR
(a)
(b)
A student can see clearly upto 3 m, but he wants to read the instructions
written on a board placed at 12 m. Calculate the power of the lens he would
require to see the board clearly.
SECTION B
19.
20.
21.
22.
What type of plants exhibit natural vegetative propagation ? Describe how vegetative
propagation takes place in Bryophyllum.
List in a tabular form two differences between the processes of pollination and
fertilisation.
24.
List any four methods used by plants to get rid of their excretory products.
25.
What are fossils ? How are fossils formed ? Explain how the age of fossils can be
found out.
Why should there be an equitable distribution of resources ? List any two forces
working against an equitable distribution of resources. What is the ultimate motive
of these forces ?
23.
26.
198
27.
(a)
List two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Give one
example each of organisms that use these two types of respiration.
(b)
How is (i) oxygen and (ii) carbon dioxide transported in human beings ?
OR
(a)
(b)
The human heart is separated into the left and right side. How does this help
in the difference in their functioning ?
(c)
199
MARKING SCHEME
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1.
The Marking Scheme provides general guidelines to reduce subjectivity in the marking.
It carries only suggested value points for the answer. These are only guidelines and do
not constitute the complete answer. The candidates can have their own expression and
if the expression is correct, the marks may be awarded accordingly.
2.
3.
If a question has parts, please award marks in the right hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totalled up and written in the
left hand margin.
4.
If a question does not have any parts, marks be awarded in the left hand side margin.
5.
If a candidate has attempted an extra question, marks obtained in the question attempted
first should be retained and the other answer should be scored out.
6.
7.
There should be no effort at 'moderation' of the marks by the evaluating teachers. The
actual total marks obtained by the candidate may be of no concern of the evaluators.
8.
mark may be deducted if a candidate either does not write units or writes wrong
units in the final answer of a numerical problem.
9.
A full scale of mark 0 to 100 has to be used. Please do not hestitate to award full marks
if the answer deserves it.
10.
Some of the questions relate to Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). These questions
are to be evaluated carefully so as to judge the candidate's understanding / analytical
ability.
200
MARKING SCHEME
CODE NO. 31/1/1
SECTION - A
1.
4.
Virtual / Erect
5.
6.
Ciliary muscles
7.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Na2SO4 + BaCl2
(iv)
(i)
Methane / CH4
(ii)
2.
3.
8.
(Any two)
(iii)
2 NaCl + BaSO4
It is a clean fuel.
It burns without smoke.
It leaves no residue.
Its heat capacity / calorific value is high.
It is used for lighting purpose.
Safe and efficient method of waste disposal.
slurry left behind can be used as an excellent manure. (Any two)
201
9.
a)
b)
Violet
Red
10.
Pattern
Direction
Pattern indicates that the magnetic field is uniform at all points inside the
11.
12.
solenoid.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
It can be used only at those places where wind blows for the greater
part of the year.
(ii)
Wind speed should be higher than 15 km/h to rotate the turbine at the
required speed.
202
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
13.
x4
1 = 1 1
f
v
u
1 = 1 1
u
24
18
14.
A : Fe2O3 ; B : Al
(i)
Fe2O3(s) + 2 Al (s)
Displacement Reaction
Redox Reaction
Exothermic Reaction
15.
(Any two)
R
C=C
Example :
R
Ni / Pd
H2
HCCH
R
203
Or
Unsaturated fat + H2
16.
saturated fat
(i)
(ii)
Ionic / Electrovalent
(iii)
A and B
(iv)
(v)
17.
CG3
Na
x
x
Cl
xx
x
x
Cl
xx
xx
Na
xx
x
x
Cl
xx
x
x
Cl
xx
xx
G H
(Any one)
(ii)
(iii)
Soluble in water
(iv)
(v)
204
4x
Electrolytic refining
Drawing
Any 2 labels
1
1
Description :
On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from the anode
dissolves into the electrolyte. An equivalent amount of pure metal from the
electrolyte is deposited on the cathode. The soluble impurities go into the
solution, whereas, the insoluble impurities settle down at the bottom of the
anode and are known as anode mud.
18.
(i)
=
=VI
Energy, E = P t = V I t
This energy gets dissipated in the form of heat.
H=VIt
Applying Ohm's law, we get
H = I2Rt
(ii)
(iii)
P = 12 W
t = 1 minute = 60s
205
H=Pt
= 12 W 60s
H = 720 J
OR
Resistances in parallel
Placement of ammeter
Direction of current
Terminals to be marked
From the circuit, voltmeter and ammeter readings to be noted down. The ratio 1
of V and I gives the resistance
By using the formula 1 = 1 + 1 + 1
R
R1
R2
R3
SECTION - B
19.
Chloroplast, chlorophyll
,
206
20.
21.
22.
Chemical compounds which are poured into blood, help to control and
coordinate
Thyroxin
23.
24.
25.
Nucleus
Non-biodegradable chemicals (toxic substances) which get accumulated progressively at each trophic level of a food chain.
207
27.
MOUTH :
Liver
Bile juice makes the medium basic (for the action of pancreatic
enzymes)
a)
b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Cover part of a leaf with black paper and keep it in the sunlight
for about 6 hrs.
Part of the leaf covered with black paper does not turn blue
black, while uncovered portion of leaf turns blue black.
208
MARKING SCHEME
CODE NO. 31/1
SECTION - A
1.
Decomposition reaction
CaOCl2
4.
5.
(i)
Copper
2.
3.
6.
7.
(ii)
2 Cu + O2
2 CuO
CuO + H2
Cu + H2O
conc. H2SO4
C2H5OH
9.
H2O
H2 C = CH2 / C2 H4
Charcoal
209
Two advantages :
(i)
(ii)
10
Deviation of rays
Direction of rays
11.
Angle of refraction = 40
12.
Calculations
Answer
Nucleus of uranium, when bombarded with low energy neutrons, splits into
lighter nuclei releasing tremendous amount of energy.
Environmental hazards (Any two of the following)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
13.
CH3COOC2H5
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
(i)
Hydrogen
(ii)
Same group
(iii)
A2O / H2O
6x
(iv)
(v)
4:1
(vi)
15.
211
16.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
17.
Iron is above copper and below zinc. / Iron is between copper and zinc in the
reactivity series of elements.
Roasting :
2 ZnS + 3 O2
Calcination : ZnCO3
Reduction : ZnO + C
2 ZnO + 2 SO2
ZnO + CO2
Zn + CO
1
1
OR
212
a)
b)
(i)
Mercury / Hg
(ii)
Na / K
(iii)
(iv)
Ag / Cu
Electrolytic refining
1
Description :
On passing current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from anode
dissolves and an equivalent amount of pure metal from electrolyte is
deposited on the cathode. Insoluble impurities settle down at the bottom.
(Note : The description should mention the following: )
Cathode
Pure copper
Anode
Impure copper
Electrolyte :
18.
(i)
A thick copper wire is passed through a cardboard and the ends of the
wire are attached to the battery and key. When current is passed through
213
the wire as shown, the iron filings on tapping the cardboard align
themselves in the form of concentric circles whose centre lies on the
wire. On placing a compass needle at a point (say P) the direction of
the north pole of the needle gives the direction of field at the point P.
(ii)
1
OR
(ii)
Fleming's right hand rule : Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger
of right hand so that they are perpendicular to each other such that the
forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field, the thumb shows the
direction of motion of conductor, then the middle finger will show the direction
of induced current.
1
SECTION - B
19.
surrounding environment.
21.
22.
(i)
Brain
(ii)
Spinal cord
(iii)
Spinal cord
(iv)
Reflex action
23.
24.
All the cells of multicellular organisms are not in direct contact with the
Phytoplanktons
Zooplanktons
Small fish
Big fish
215
25.
Glucose
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
1
CO2 + H2O + Energy
Pyruvate
26.
Male
XY
Female
XX
Gametes
Zygote
Alternatively
,
27.
a)
216
b)
i)
Anther
ii)
Style
iii)
Stigma
iv)
Ovary
Pollination
1) Transfer of pollen grains from
Fertilisation
1) Fusion of male and female
gametes
3) Needs agents
1+1
Role of placenta :
1)
Embryo gets nutrition from mother's blood with the help of placenta.
2)
Provides large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass from
mother to the embryo.
3)
Removal of wastes
(Any two)
b)
1+1
Condom
217
MARKING SCHEME
CODE NO. 31(B)
SECTION - A
1
5.
Thicker wire as it provides easier path for the electrons flow (or R 1/A)
6.
By placing a magnetic needle at the point; the direction of north pole of the
needle will give the direction of the mganetic field.
1.
Hydrogen / H2
2.
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2
3.
4.
7.
Criteria for considering charcoal a better fuel than wood (Any Two):
8.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Less polluting
Uses : (i)
9.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(Any Two)
(i)
(ii)
218
10.
11.
12.
ampere (symbol A)
Electrons/negative charges
Bending of ray of light towards normal while entering from air to glass
Snell's law : The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of
refraction for a given set of media and for light of a given colour is a constant.
(or sin i/sin r = constant)
Any One
Wind should blow at that place for the greater part of the year.
13.
Any One
14.
Roasting
(ii)
Reduction Zn O + C heating Zn + CO
(i)
Atomic number = 17 ;
(ii)
Non-metal, because it will gain one electron to acquire noble gas configuration.
(iii)
15.
(i)
(i)
1
Rp
1
1
1
+
+
R1
R2
R3
219
(ii)
Rs = R1 + R2 + R3
= 2 + 3 + 6 = 11
(iii)
16.
(a)
(b)
(c)
17.
(a)
Fleming's Left Hand Rule : Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle
finger of your left hand such that they are mutually perpendicular to
each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of magnetic field and
middle finger points in the direction of current, then the thumb will point
in the direction of motion/force on the conducter.
Properties of Carbon
(c)
2
1
OR
(a)
(Any Two)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
18.
(a)
Detergents are more effective than soaps in hard water because detergents do not form insoluble precipitate with calcium and magnesium
ions in hard water.
Causes : (i)
(b)
,
OR
(a)
221
(b)
Here v = 3 m ; u = 12 m
,
SECTION B
19.
20.
Plant hormones : Chemical compounds which help in growth and develop ment of plants.
Damage to ozone layer may allow harmful uv-radiations causing skin cancer
and other harmful diseases.
Plants which have lost the capacity to form seeds or produce non-viable seeds.
In Bryophyllum buds are produced in the notches along the leaf margins which
fall on the soil and develop into new plants.
21
(Any four)
21.
22.
23.
Pollination
i)
24.
Fertilisation
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
25.
Finding age of a fossils : (i) By digging into the earth the fossils found
closer to the surface are more recent than the fossil found in deeper
layer / By detecing the ratios of different isotopes of same element in
the fossil material.
26.
27.
(a)
Aerobic respiration
i)
Anaerobic respiration
i) Takes place in absence
of oxygen
Oxygen is transported by haemoglobin present in RBC. CO2 is transported in dissolved form in the blood.
21
,
OR
(a)
(b)
(c)
Pumping of blood
(ii)
Chambered heart
1
223