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  • 对角线引理与亚里士多德逻辑相悖

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    X.Y. Newberry
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    上个世纪五十年代斯特劳森提出了作为假设的逻辑，这个带着空项的系统语句被当作是非真非假。斯特劳森认为只是含有两个谓词的简单语句，但这个概念可以扩展到任意一元，甚至可以扩展到利用了理查德·迪亚兹的与真相关逻辑的多价语句。它可以证明自我参照的哥德尔语句有一个空项，从而用假设的逻辑来归类为非真非假的。

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    上个世纪五十年代斯特劳森提出了作为假设的逻辑，这个带着空项的系统语句被当作是非真非假。斯特劳森认为只是含有两个谓词的简单语句，但这个概念可以扩展到任意一元，甚至可以扩展到利用了理查德·迪亚兹的与真相关逻辑的多价语句。它可以证明自我参照的哥德尔语句有一个空项，从而用假设的逻辑来归类为非真非假的。

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    17 views5 pages

    对角线引理与亚里士多德逻辑相悖

    Uploaded by

    X.Y. Newberry
    上个世纪五十年代斯特劳森提出了作为假设的逻辑，这个带着空项的系统语句被当作是非真非假。斯特劳森认为只是含有两个谓词的简单语句，但这个概念可以扩展到任意一元，甚至可以扩展到利用了理查德·迪亚兹的与真相关逻辑的多价语句。它可以证明自我参照的哥德尔语句有一个空项，从而用假设的逻辑来归类为非真非假的。

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    2015-11-27

    X.Y. Newberry

    (Theorem)

    A F G
    E F G
    I F G
    Q F G
    A E
    (True)(False)
    1
    A: ~(x)(Fx & ~Gx)
    E: ~(x)(Fx & Gx)
    I:

    (x)(Fx & Gx)

    O: (x)(Fx & ~Gx)


    1
    F ~(x)Fx A E
    [ 1] (, 1952, pp. 163-179)

    A: ~(x)(Fx & ~Gx) & (x)Fx & (x)~Gx


    E: ~(x)(Fx & Gx) & (x)Fx & (x)Gx
    I:

    (x)(Fx & Gx) v ~(x)Fx v ~(x)Gx

    O: (x)(Fx & Gx) v ~(x)Fx v ~(x~)Gx


    2
    (, 1952, p. 173)
    2 (,
    1952, p. 173)(x)Fx (Presupposition)~
    (x)Fx A
    (, p. 174)(x)Fx & (x)~Gx
    (x)Fx & (x)~Gx (Not true) A
    (Vacuously true)
    (Vacuous proposition)
    (Truth-relevant)(, 1981)(Predicate)

    (P & ~P) Q
    ~(P & ~P) v Q
    ~((P & ~P) & ~Q)
    (tautology)(, 1981, p. 67.)

    (x)(Fx Gx)
    (x)(~Fx v Gx)
    ~(x)(Fx & ~Gx)
    ~(x)Fx

    (Newberry, 2014)
    *****
    (Diagonal lemma)
    (Decidable) Diagy,z y
    z y y
    Prf(x,z) x z

    ~(x)(z)(Prf(x,z) & Diag(y,z))

    (U)

    y k U k U y
    G
    ~(x)(z)(Prf(x,z) & Diag(k,z))

    (G)

    G.Diag(k,z) G
    <G>G H
    ~(x)Prf(x, <G>)

    (H)

    ~(x)(z)(Prf(x,z) & Diag(k,z)) ~(x)Prf(x,<G>)

    (J)

    (J)~(x)Prf(x,z)
    z ~(x)Prf(x,<>)
    G
    G
    ~(x)(Prf(x,1) & Diag(k, 1))
    ~(x)(Prf(x,2) & Diag(k, 2))
    ~(x)(Prf(x,3) & Diag(k, 3))

    ...
    n, ~(x)(Prf(x,n) ~(x)Diag(k, n).
    ~(x)(Prf(x,n) & Diag(k,n)) <=>
    (x)(Prf(x,n) -> ~Diag(k,n)) <=>
    (x)(Diag(k,n) -> ~Prf(x,n))
    n = <G>
    (x)(Prf(x,n) -> ~Diag(k,n))
    ~(n = <G>)
    (x)(Diag(k,n) -> ~Prf(x,n))
    n = <G>
    ~(x)(Prf(x,<G>) & Diag(k,<G>))

    (K)

    K (x)Prf(x,<G>)
    K ~(x)Prf(x,<G>) K J
    G G


    Diaz, M.R. (1981) Topics in the Logic of Relevance, Munich, Germany: Philosophia Verlag.
    Newberry, X.Y. (2014) Generalization of the Truth-relevant Semantics to the Predicate
    Calculus, http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1509/1509.06837.pdf
    Strawson, P.F. (1952) Introduction to Logical Theory, London, Methuen

    Copyright X.Y. Newberry 2015

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