Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Natural Rubber Different Marketable Forms - Dr.K.T.Thomas
Natural Rubber Different Marketable Forms - Dr.K.T.Thomas
Natural Rubber Different Marketable Forms - Dr.K.T.Thomas
RUBBER
Gift of nature
Significant influence on the
quality of human life
A green commodity
A relatively short history
Provides livelihood to over 10
million small farmers
NATURAL
RUBBER
SALIENT FEATURES
8.24
8.11
Major producing
countries :
Thailand,Indonesia
Malaysia,India,China,
Vietnam
Major consuming
countries :
China,USA,Japan,
India,Malaysia,Korea
Special characteristics of NR
High strength
Low heat generation
High tack and green strength
Excellent processability
Excellent resistance to chipping, chunking and tear
Economy
Relatively inferior resistance to ageing, weathering and
heat
Swells in contact with petroleum oils
High air permeability
Relatively inferior traction and wet skid resistance
RUBBER PLANTATION
CROP (RUBBER)
Field coagulum
20 %
Latex
80 %
Quantity (MT)
% Share
RSS
450215
69.3
74325
11.5
74940
11.5
1750
Others
48205
Total
649435
7.7
NATURAL RUBBER
INDUSTRIAL RAW MATERIAL FROM NATURE
SYNTHESISED BY THE TREE
UNDEGRADED TILL IT COME IN CONTACT
WITH AIR
CIS-POLY-ISOPRENE
NATURAL RUBBER
MARKETABLE FORMS
SHEET RUBBER (RSS)
CREPE RUBBER
TECHNICALLY SPECIFIED RUBBER (TSR)
LATEX CONCENTRATES
Sieving
Bulking
Dilution
Coagulation
Sheeting
Drying
Grading
Colour
RSS 1
Extent of dryness
RSS 2
Mould growth
RSS 3
Tackiness
RSS 4
Blisters
RSS 5
Dirt
CREPE RUBBERS
Field coagulum crepe
Pale latex crepe
Blending
Creping
Drying
Pressing
Testing and Grading
Packing
ISNR 3L
ISNR 5
ISNR 10,
20
ISNR 50
Tyres,
Engineering
components, extruded and
calendared products
Light coloured pharmaceutical
feeding bottle teats, Industrial
rollers for paper and printing
industry
Conveyor belts, cycle tubes,
engine mountings, footwear
Tyre
Handmade
hose,
footwear,
NR Quality Issues
Consistency
Contamination
Undried rubber
Packaging
OBSERVATIONS
The oxidizability of raw rubber has an important
bearing on the processing behaviour and
vulcanizate performance
The plasticity retention index (PRI) test gives a
rapid assessment of the resistance of raw NR to
thermo-oxidative degradation
OBSERVATIONS
Po of autocoagulated rubber increases on storage
The PRI of autocoagulated rubbers are lower than the
acid coagulated rubbers
PRI falls as the length of time from coagulation and
processing is increased
In many cases due to low PRI the rubber may fail to
meet the requirements specified for a particular grade.
Hence it is very essential to preserve Po & PRI of the raw
material.
MECHANISM
Onemajor
majorreason
reasonfor
forthe
thelow
lowPRI
PRIof
offield
field
One
coagulumduring
duringstorage
storageisisthe
thebacterial
bacterial
coagulum
decompositionof
ofproteins
proteinsand
andother
othernon
nonrubber
rubber
decomposition
constituentsin
inthe
therubber.
rubber.
constituents
Copperin
infresh
freshlatex
latexmight
mightcomplex
complexwith
with
Copper
proteinsand
andamino
aminoacids
acidsand
andin
inthis
thisform
formititdoes
does
proteins
notimpart
impartany
anyadverse
adverseeffect
effecton
onthe
theageing
ageingof
of
not
NR.
NR.
Whenthe
thelatex
latexisisexposed
exposedto
tomicrobial
microbialactivity
activity
When
themicrobes
microbesdegrade
degradethe
thecomplex
complexand
andrelease
release
the
freecopper
copperwhich
whichisisreported
reportedto
tobe
beaapowerful
powerful
free
pro-oxidant.
pro-oxidant.
The degradation
degradation of
of the
the field
field coagulum
coagulum during
during
The
storage can
can be
be prevented
prevented by
by treating
treating the
the fresh
fresh
storage
coagulum with
with aa suitable
suitable bactericide.
bactericide.
coagulum
Formalin was
was identified
identified to
to be
be the
the best
best
Formalin
bactericide for
for the
the above
above purpose
purpose
bactericide
Effect
Effect of
of formalin
formalin concentration
concentration on
on Po
Po &
& PRI
PRI
80
Po/PRI
70
PRI
60
PRI
Po
Po
50
40
30
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.25
Po/PRI
70
PRI
Po
60
50
40
30
0
10
12
Time of immersion, h
14
16
18
Po
50
40
Treated
Untreated
30
0
10
20
30
40
92
90
Treated
88
Untreated
86
0
10
20
30
40
70
PRI
Treated
Untreate
d
60
50
0
10
20
30
40
It was
was observed
observed that
that soaking
soaking the
the
It
field coagulum
coagulum in
in 1%
1% formalin
formalin
field
solution for
for aa period
period of
of 16
16 hours
hours
solution
gives sufficient
sufficient protection
protection against
against
gives
bacterial degradation
degradation
bacterial
Farmer
Group processing facility
Block Rubber processing
unit
The crop
crop (field
(field coagulum
coagulum and
and latex
latex coagulum)
coagulum)
The
from the
the Central
Central Experimental
Experimental Station,
Station, Ranni
Ranni
from
being subjected
subjected to
to the
the above
above treatment
treatment and
and
isis being
the material
material isis processed
processed at
at the
the Pilot
Pilot Crumb
Crumb
the
Rubber Factory,
Factory,
Rubber
treated material
material
treated
RRII since
since
RRII
brought
isis brought
Jan 2004.
2004. The
The
Jan
to the
the factory
factory
to
normally within
within aa period
period of
of 15-25
15-25 days
days
normally
80
Percentage of production
70
60
50
2002-03
40
2004-05
30
20
10
0
ISNR 10
ISNR 20
ISNR 50
OFF
Based on
on the
the data
data available
available for
for one
one year
year the
the
Based
cost of
of the
the treatment
treatment has
has been
been worked
worked out
out to
to
cost
be Rs
Rs 70/
70/ tonne
tonne of
of rubber
rubber
be
Environmental issues.
The effect
effect of
of residual
residual formalin
formalin ifif any,
any, on
on the
the
The
effluent Treatment
Treatment System
System of
of the
the factory
factory isis being
being
effluent
studied
studied
The workers
workers handling
handling the
the field
field coagulum
coagulum at
at CES
CES
The
have been
been supplied
supplied with
with hand
hand gloves.
gloves. No
No
have
complaints have
have been
been so
so far
farregistered
registered
complaints
The treated
treated field
field coagulum
coagulum provided
provided aa more
more
The
hygienic environment
environment in
in the
the collection
collection
hygienic
centres.The mosquitoes
mosquitoes and
and flies
flies are
are virtually
virtually
centres.The
absent
absent
DEPROTEINISED NATURAL
RUBBER
Electrical and Engineering Applications
Reduced creep and stress relaxation
CHLORINATED RUBBER
Adhesives
Paints
Printing inks
Paper coating