PROST MINUL AS

(PAST SIMPLE TENSE)

Vyjaduje v minulosti skonen nebo jednorzov dj (stav), kter se cel uskutenil
v uritm okamihu v minulosti a nem dn vztah k souasnosti.
Pouv se jako vypravsk as, kter ad dje tak, jak se za sebou konaly. Dleit je, e
se jev odehrl, ppadn kdy. as konn dje bu vyplv ze souvislost nebo je dn
pslovenm urenm asu:

a) as dje je pesn uveden:

in 1990
in November
on Monday

in the morning
in summer
at seven o clock

at noon
from 1965 to 1980
on September 2nd, 1999

b) Cel dj se odehrl v obdob, kter u skonilo:

- yesterday
- last year
- last century
- last week
- last month
c) Dj se odehrl o njak asov interval zpt od souasnosti:
- two weeks AGO
- five minutes AGO
- seven years AGO
- some time AGO
d) Dj se odehrl ped njakou znmou udlost:
- BEFORE Christmas
- BEFORE WW II
- BEFORE the end of the school year
e) V odpovdi na otzku WHEN?, v asov vt se spojkou WHEN:
- When did you see me? I saw you yesterday.
- When did it happen? It happened on Sunday.

OZNAMOVAC ZPSOB
U pravidelnch vznamovch sloves se tvo od neuritku koncovkou -ED.

PRAVOPISN ZMNY:
a) Jednoduch koncov souhlska po pzvun jednopsmenn samohlsce se ped
koncovkou -ED zdvojuje. Stejn pravidlo plat pro koncov -L:
- to stop - stopped
- to travel - travelled
- to prefer - preferred
- to cancel - cancelled
b) Y na konci neuritku za souhlskou se ped koncovkou -ED mn na I:
- to carry - carried
- to cry - cried
- to study - studied
ale
- to play - played
- to stay - stayed
c) Koncov nm -E se ped koncovkou -ED vynechv:
- to live - lived
- to shave - shaved
- to decide - decided
- to hope - hoped

VSLOVNOST KONCOVKY -ED:

1. po T, D vyslovujeme koncovku -ED jako [id] waited, decided, ...
2. po znlch souhlskch a samohlskch jako [d] lived, named, played, ...
3. po neznlch souhlskch a sykavkch jako [t] walked, talked, asked,...

OTZKA A ZPOR
Otzka prostho minulho asu se tvo ve vech osobch jednotnho i mnonho sla pomoc
minulho asu pomocnho slovesa DO - DID, zpor vloenm DID NOT, DIDNT mezi podmt
a vznamov sloveso. V otzce a zporu zstv vznamov sloveso v neuritkovm tvaru (bez
koncovky -ED).

Oznam:
I lived
you lived
he lived
we lived
you lived
they lived

Otzka:
did I live?
did you live?
did he live?
did we live?
did you live?
did they live?

Zpor:
I did not (didnt) live
you did not (didnt) live
he did not (didnt) live
we did not (didnt) live
you did not (didnt) live
they did not (didnt) live

- I lived in London in 1990.

- Did you live in London in 1990? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.
- I didnt live in London in 1990.

POZNMKA
U nepravidelnch sloves je oznamovac zpsob prostho minulho asu uveden ve druhm
sloupci tabulky, pro otzku a zpor plat stejn pravidla jako pro pravideln slovesa.
- I went there last week.
- I didnt go there last week.
- Did you go there last week? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.
- They bought this house last year.
- They didnt buy this house before Easter.
- Did they buy this house two years ago? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.

MINUL PROST AS POMOCNCH SLOVES

Sloveso TO BE
I was
you were
he was
we were
you were
they were

was I?
were you?
was he?
were we?
were you?
were they?

I was not (wasnt)

you were not (werent)
he was not (wasnt)
we were not (werent)
you were not (werent)
they were not (werent)

Sloveso TO HAVE (nebo jako vznamov sloveso)

I had
you had
he had
we had
you had
they had

had I?
had you?
had he?
had we?
had you?
had they?

I had not (hadnt)

you had not (hadnt)
he had not (hadnt)
we had not (hadnt)
you had not (hadnt)
they had not (hadnt)

did I do?
did you do?
did he do?
did we do?
did you do?
did they do?

I did not do (didnt)

you did not do (didnt)
he did not do (didnt)
we did not do (didnt)
you did not do (didnt)
they did not do (didnt)

Sloveso TO DO
I did
you did
he did
we did
you did
they did