Chapter 15

Principles of Environmental
Engineering and Science
3rd Edition
Mackenzie L. Davis
And
Susan J. Masten
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Noise Pollution

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The Decibel:

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dB 10 log
Io

dB 20 log
Po
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SPL 20 log

0.00002

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Figure 15-3: Relative scale of sound pressure levels

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Three SPLs 68 db, 79 dB and 75

dB
What is SPL of combination?

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68 dB

= 7

75.8 dB

75 dB

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Figure 15-4: Graph for solving decibel addition

problems
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75.8 dB
= 3.2

80.7 dB

79 dB

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MEASURING SPL

Type II sound Level Meter

Weighting Scales: A, B, C
Octave Band Analysis
Narrow Band

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TYPES OF NOISE
Continuous
Uninterrupted, varies less than + 5 dB
Intermittent
Continuous noise for > 1 sec
Interrupted for > 1 sec
Impulsive (Impulse)
Change SPL> 40 dB in less than .5 sec
Duration < 1 sec
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Figure 15-11: Cross section through the cochlea

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Figure 15-14: Various degrees on injury to hair cells

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Figure 15-13: An audiogram illustrating excellent hearing

response

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Figure 15-15: An audiogram illustrating hearing loss at high

frequency notch
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Figure 15-16:NIOSH occupational noise exposure limits for

continuous or intermittent noise exposure
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INVERSE SQUARE LAW

W
I
2
4r
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IN TERMS OF SOUND
PRESSURE
Lp = Lw - 20 log r - 11
Where 20 log r = 10 log r2
11= 10 log 4

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DIRECTIVITY INDEX
DI = Lp - Lps

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INVERSE SQUARE LAW

WITH DIRECTIVITY
Lp = Lw + DI - 20 log r - 11

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BASIC POINT SOURCE

MODEL
Lp = Lw - 20 log r - 11 -Ae

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EXCESS ATTENUATION
Ae1 =

attenuation by absorption in air, dB

Ae2 =

attenuation by ground, dB

Ae3 =

attenuation by barriers, dB

Ae4 =

attenuation by foliage, dB

Ae5 =

attenuation by houses, dB

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