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Derivation of Uniform Flow Equations
Derivation of Uniform Flow Equations
1
V = v dx dy
A00
Momentum Equation:
(1)
(2)
v1
y1
W sin
v2
y2
0
l
P
Datum
Hydraulics
Q
2 V2 1 V1 = P1 -P2 + W sin - Pf
g
If V2 = V1 , 1 = 2 , P1 =P2 then
W sin = Pf
(1)
g AL So = o PL
g AL So
o =
= RSo
PL
Note * =
(2)
V
But o = cf
2
(3)
V
RSo = cf
2
1/ 2
RSo
or V =
cf
2g
RSo
cf
V=
If
2g
= C then
cf
V = C RSo .
This is known as Chezy equation. The coefficient C is either estimated or
determined experimentally. C has dimension of L1 / 2T 1 / 2
Hydraulics
hf = f
2
V =
V =
1 hf
2g d o ,
f L
hf
L = So = Sf
1
4R*2g *Sf ,
f
d 02
R
d
= 4 = 0
D
4
P
8gRSf
f
Comparing with Chezy equation:
V=
C=
8g
f
C
1
=
8g
f
Manning formula is an emprical relation based on field observations and is given by
V=
1 2/3 1/2
R So
n
-1
in which V in m/s, R in m. Thus 'n' has dimensions of L 3 T
=
If
R=15
cm,
n
=
0.015,
S
0
.
0004
,
then
V
=
0.376
m/s
[
]
o
The hydraulic engineers use the n or C without bothering about dimension even though
it is very important. The treatment here is only for channels with plane bed.