LorelisCastro

Humanities
11/18/15

MexicansComingtotheLandofOpportunity

ThehistoricalbackdropofMexicanmovementhasbeenanexcruciating,seriousand
confoundingprocedureregardlessitis.FromtheMexicanAmericanWar,LegalRights,
MexicanRevolution,TheGoldRush,TheBraceroProgramandtheloweducationalsystemshas
shownthesamesortofpushorpullfactors,whichhappenedduringthelate1800sand1900s.
PushingMexicanstoAmericaasaresultofunemploymentissues,needingaprevalentsituation
withoutsavageryandaninstructionfortheirchildren,tohavetheopendoortheydidnthave.
ThegreaterpartofthepushandpullfactorscontinuereoccuringallthroughMexicanhistory.

TheMexicanAmericanwarwasoneofthemajorpushfactorsforMexicanmovementto
America.Thewarstartedontheyear1846andendedtilltheyear1848.ItendedbecauseofThe
TreatyofGuadalupeHidalgo,itwassignedonFebruary2,1848.Itbeganwhenagroupof
mexicanrangersassaultedagatheringofAmericanwarriorsinthedebatezonewarunderthe
chargeofZacharyTaylor,murderingabouttwelveofficers.1Thewarstartedtogrowtowardsthe
RioGrandewhichprompteddifferentfightslikeResacadelaAlmaandPaloAlto.TheUnited
StateswantedtopurchaseTexasoffofMexico.OnNovember10,1845PresidentPolksentJohn
SlidelltoMexicoCitywithanofferof$25millionfortheRioGrandefringeinTexas.2Polk

1
2

RonaldTakaki
Foreignersintheirnativeland
Chapter7Reading
TheWorldofMexicanMigrantspgs.13

approachedSlidelltoexcusethe$3millionowedtoU.Ssubjectsforharmsbroughtaboutbythe
MexicanWarofIndependence,helikewisepaidanother$25to$30millioninreturnforthetwo
domains.3Themexicanspopularsconclusionandpoliticalgroupsconcurredthatofferingthe
regionstothemwoulddiscolorthenationalhonor.BytheendoftheMexicanAmericanwar,
MexicanswokeuponAmericansoil.Theyconfronteddifficultiestofigureouthowtogetbyas
MexicansfromtheirpreviouslandandneededtodiscoverapproachestoendupAmericans.
Someofthosedifficultieswerefinancialaspects,social,votingandwhiteessential.4

MexicanmigrantshavealwaysstruggledbeingapartoftheUnitedStates.Since1848
MexicanAmericanshaveattemptedtoaccomplishpoliticalandsocialbalanceinsideofthe
UnitedStates,regularlyreferringtotheTreatyofGuadalupeHidalgoasanarchivethat
guaranteedcommonandpropertyrights.DespitethefactthatthearrangementguaranteedU.S.
citizenshiptopreviousMexicannationals,theNativeAmericansinthesurrendereddomains,
whotruthbetoldwereMexicansubjects,werenotgivenfullU.S.citizenshiptillthe1930s.5
PreviousMexicannationalswereallconsiderednonnativesbytheU.S.pioneerswhomoved
intothenewdomains.InthefirsthalfcenturyafterapprovaloftheTreatyofGuadalupeHidalgo,
severalstate,regional,andgovernmentlawfulbodiesdeliveredanunpredictableembroidered
artworkofclashingsuppositionsandchoicesbearingonthesignificanceofthetreaty.InU.S.
courts,thepropertyprivilegesbypreviousMexicannativesinCalifornia,NewMexico,and

"Patterns of Mexican Migration from Mexico to the United States."

Patterns of Mexican Migration
from Mexico to the United States
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.
4

"Geography AS Notes."
Mexico to USA Migration
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.
5

N.p., n.d. Web.

<http://www.nps.gov/history/heritageinitiatives/latino/latinothemestudy/education.htm>.
3

Texasturnedouttobedelicate.InsideofaneratheMexicanAmericansturnedintoa
disappointed,destitutionstrickenminority.6

AsecondpushfactorwastheroughnessoftheMexicanRevolution.TheMexican
RevolutionstartedonNovember10,1910,whenscholarlypeopleandliberalsstartedtochallenge
theadministrationoftyrantPorfirioDaz,whohadbeeninforcesubsequentto1877,atermof
34years.7FranciscoMadero,inastateofbanishmentforpoliticalactivism,draftedthe
arrangementofSanLuisPotosi,whichwasbroadlyconveyedandgaspedbyradical
components.8 Inthisarrangement,MaderorequiredanuprisingbeginningonNovember
10,1910,torestoretheConstitutionof1857andsupplanttyrantDazwithatemporary
government.Itsprincipledesignwastobuildupapopularitybasedrepublicandtoannul
boundlesspresidentialterms.9Bymid1911,anexpansiveoutfittedbattlewasinprogressinthe
northernconditionofChihuahuadrovebyneighborhoodshipperPascualOrozcoandFrancisco
PanchoVilla.Theachievementofthenortherntroops,orLaDivisindelNorte,started
uprisingsagainstlandownersacrossthecountry.10 11

AthirdpushfactorforMexicantoimmigratetotheUnitedStateswastheGoldRush.
AmidtheGoldRushmorethan25,000MexicanslandedinCalifornia.Americansloathe

N.p.,n.d.Web.<http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/latinosfightcivilrightsimmigrationlbj>.

"Mexico's Revolution 19101920."

Mexico's Revolution 19101920
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.
8
"TheMexicanRevolution:November20th,1910|EDSITEment."
TheMexicanRevolution:November
20th,1910|EDSITEment
.N.p.,n.d.Web.03Nov.2015.
9
Theworldofmexicanmigrantspgs.46
10
"
The Mexican Revolution."
The Mexican Revolution
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.
11
RonaldTakaki
ElNorte
Chapter12Readingpgs.292300
7

MexicanvicinityandMexicansweresubjectedtosavageambushes.Americansneededthegold
forthemselves.InCalifornia,alocalethathadsoasoflatebeentheirown,theMexicans
discoveredtheywereconsiderednonnativesbythearmiesofAnglodiggersfromtheEast.12 On
May13,1846,theU.Sfurthermore,Mexicowenttowar.Aftertwoyears,Mexicoformally
conveyedCaliforniaintoAmericanhandswiththemarkingofTheTreatyofGuadalupeHidalgo.
TheversionofManifestDestinywassatisfied.Neitheroneofthesidesunderstoodthatninedays
beforebitsofgoldhadbeenfoundinthefoothillsofSierraNevada.Inthefallof1848,thefirst
floodofMexicanmineworkerssetoutovertoCaliforniatojointheGoldRush.Theyregularly
wentinwholefamilies.Bymid1849,therewasabout6,000Mexicansburrowingforgold.The
GoldRusheverlastinglychangedthesubstanceofCaliforniabymakingitastandoutamongst
themostethnicallyvariousstatesintheunionbythecenterofthe19thcentury.13

MexicanscomingtotheUnitedStateswasbecauseofTheBraceroProgram,whichwas
bothapushandpullfactor.TheBraceroProgram(1942through1964)permittedMexican
nationalstotakeinterimruralworkintheUnitedStates.14Overtheprograms22yearlife,more
than4.5millionMexicannationalswerelegitimatelycontractedforworkintheUnitedStates.
Mexicannationals,franticforwork,werewillingtotakechallengingoccupationsatwages
despisedbymostAmericans.Managerswouldemploybracerosjustinterritoriesofensured
residentialworkdeficiency.Theywerenottoutilizethemasstrikebreakers.15TheBraceros
vicinitysignificantlyaffectedthematterofcultivatingandthewayoflifeintheUnitedStates.

"California Gold Rush (18481858)."

Open Collections Program: Immigration to the US, California
Gold Rush, 1848-1858
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.
13
"
California Gold Rush."
Immigration to the United States
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.
14
"
About."
Omeka RSS
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.
15
Theworldofmexicanmigrantspgs.68
12

TheBracerosystemnourishedtheroundaboutmovementexamplesofMexicansintotheU.S.In
themid1950s,ranchwagesdroppedforcefully,anoutcomeinpieceoftheutilizationof
bracerosandundocumentedworkerswhoneedfullrightsinAmericanculture.16

AsecondpushfactorforMexicanforeignerswastheAmericasbettereducational
system.TheeducationalsystemsinMexicoarepoorsotheyneededtocometoAmericawiththe
goalthattheywouldhavethecapacitytoperformanddevelopintoadecentindividuallaterin
theirlives.17In1940,58%ofallMexicankidsbeyondsixyearsoldwereuneducated.As
indicatedbythe1960evaluationMexicansbeyondtheageoffivehadnotconcludedatleastone
yearofschool.18Mostyoungstershadattendedmiddleschoolbutonly62%ofthemhadreached
middleschool.19 Halfofthosekidsdroppedout,onlyaquarterofthemreachedhighschool.On
theoffchancethatcontrastedwiththe75%ofU.S.understudiesthatmovedonfromhighschool
ontimewithaconfirmationversus45%ofMexicanswhohadjustcompletedmiddleschool.The
educationalsysteminAmericapullsthoseimmigrantsinlightofthefactthattheywantedtheir
kidstobeapieceofthe75%.20

GeneralMexicanshadahardtimebeingAmericans,theyfoughtforequivalentrightsand
tobeacknowledgedintheirnewhome,whichistheUnitedStates.Theyassistedtofabricate

"AmericaontheMove|OpportunityorExploitation:TheBraceroProgram."
AmericaontheMove|
OpportunityorExploitation:TheBraceroProgram
.N.p.,n.d.Web.03Nov.2015.
17
N
.p., n.d. Web.
18
N
.p., n.d. Web.
<http://www.nps.gov/history/heritageinitiatives/latino/latinothemestudy/education.htm>.
19
Q
uinez, Present Isabel.
A Comparison of Mexico and US Educational Systems
(n.d.): n. pag.
Web.
20
"
Introduction."
Just Landed
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.

16

numerouspartsintheUnitedStates.AmericaturnedintoasalvationtoMexicanoutsidersdueto
destruction,savagery,andoccupation.Theyknewitwashardforthemtohavethecapacityto
retreattothenationthatwasatonetimetheirs.DespitethefactthatAmericaisnottheirnation,
theybeyondanydoubthadamajoreffectonit.

Citations:

"About."
Omeka RSS
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.

"AmericaontheMove|OpportunityorExploitation:TheBraceroProgram."
Americaon
theMove|OpportunityorExploitation:TheBraceroProgram.
N.p.,n.d.Web.03Nov.
2015.

"Geography AS Notes."
Mexico to USA Migration
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.

N.p.,n.d.Web.

"The Mexican Revolution."

The Mexican Revolution
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.

"TheMexicanRevolution:November20th,1910|EDSITEment."
TheMexican

Revolution:November20th,1910|EDSITEment
.N.p.,n.d.Web.03Nov.2015.

"TheMexicanRevolution,1910to1917."
TheMexicanRevolution,1910to1917.
N.p.,
n.d.Web.03Nov.2015.

"Mexican Revolution."
Encyclopedia Britannica Online
. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web.
03 Nov. 2015.

"Topics in Chronicling America - The Mexican Revolution."

The Mexican Revolution
. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.

PBS
. PBS, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.

"California Gold Rush (18481858)."

Open Collections Program: Immigration to the US,
California Gold Rush, 1848-1858
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.

"California Gold Rush."

Immigration to the United States
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.
"Patterns of Mexican Migration from Mexico to the United States."
Patterns of Mexican
Migration from Mexico to the United States
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2015.

"Mexico's Revolution 19101920."

Mexico's Revolution 19101920
. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov.
2015.

Chapter 7 Takaki Reading

Chapter 12 Takaki Reading pgs 292-300

 The world of mexican migrants (book) pages 1-3, mexican american war, 4-6 mexican
revolution, 6-8 bracero program