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6

SUMMARY
Similar to other East European and Mediterranean countries, the sub-sector
of medicinal and aromatic plants in Republic of Macedonia is dominated by
traditional wild collection, as far as the production side. Since ancient times,
wild collected medicinal and aromatic plants have always been an integral
part of the local traditional medical treatment.
The demand for products from this sector increases constantly, not only by
the domestic market, but by the export market as well. For the rural population, wild plant collection means additional income generation, that could
be provided through collection of wild plants for sale.
In the past, wild collection was mainly characterized by an uncontrolled and
unsustainable exploitation of the biodiversity. The present situation is not
much improved due to the fact that the existing legislation is not applied
efficiently by the authorities.
Therefore, the national heritage of rare plant species is endangered.
Training of collectors is an imperative and precondition of a sustainable and
controlled collection of medicinal and aromatic plants. It is of great importance that every company, especially certified in organic production, organizes permanent training of its collectors during the whole year.
The realization of the publication "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - manual and monographs for collectors according to the principles of organic production" is the first step into the forthcoming activities jointly supported by
GTZ Agro Promotion Project - Skopje and SIPPO (Swiss Import Promotion
Program) oriented toward the following:
- Training of trainers and local collectors in GWCP (Good Wild Collecting
Practice);
- Training of companies in GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice);
- Support of income generation for rural populations;
- Raising public awareness for sustainability aspects; and
- Promotion of bio-certification process.
This handbook consists of 2 parts: general part and plant monographs. The
general part outlines the main information that collectors should know
about collection, post harvesting treatment, packaging, storage and documentation. The part with monographs consists of 53 plant monographs.
7

Besides plant description, each monograph consists of 1-3 photographs of

plants in their natural setting, botanical survey and/or a photograph of a
dried plant. Special emphasis is given to the details about the characteristics
of the collection areas, plant parts harvested, time period of collection, harvesting tools and method as well as to the post collection treatment.
Special thanks to the representatives of GTZ (German Technical
Cooperation) from Bosnia and Herzegovina for encouraging and supporting
the GTZ Agro Promotion Project - Skopje and SIPPO to use and revise the
already prepared Bosnian version of the manual with monographs of medicinal and aromatic plants for the collectors.

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26

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH
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27

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Allium ursinum L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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LVKUDQDWDNDNR]DaLQ

28

.DUDNWHULVWLNLQDREODVWLWHQDVRELUDZH
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- OXNRYLFLAllium ursini bulbus
9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH
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WXDOQD]DPHQD

29

3UDYLODWDYHODWGHNDRGOXNRYLFLWHLRGUDVWHQLMD
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2G  kg VYHCL OLVWRYL VH
GRELYDkg VXYDGURJD

30

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Althaea officinalis L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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31

$ODW]DEHUED
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JDELaNL

32

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Angelica sylvestris (L.)

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SRWRFLGRm QDGPRUVNDYLVRaLQD
33

'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW
- NRUHQAngelicae radix)
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6RELUDZHWRQDNRUHQRWVHRGYLYDYRWHNRWQDHVHQWDVHSWHPYUL
RNWRPYULSRVOHVR]UHYDZHQDSORGRYLWHLRYHQXYDZHQDQDG]HP
QLWHGHORYLLOLYRWHNRWQDSUROHWWDDSULOPDMNRJDVHUD]YL
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aLVWDW RG ]HPMDWD L RG UDVLSDQLWH GHORYL D SRWRD VH RWVHNXYD
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34

PRCHGD]DSRaQHVRL]ORCXYDZHQDNRUHQLWHQHNRONXaDVRYLQD
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VX^QLFLQDWHPSHUDWXUDQHSRYLVRNDRGC
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PDVD RG  kg. 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL
EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD
QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGHOHQL RG RWURYQL L QHDUR
PDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD
3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH
2Gkg VYHCLNRUHQLVHGRELYDkg VXYDGURJD

35

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Arctostaphylos uva ursi L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

0HaNLQRJUR]MHPHaNLQLX^L

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR
0HaNLQRWR JUR]MH SULSD_D QD ID
PLOLMDWD Ericaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD
]LP]HOHQD SRYH`HJRGL^QD SROHJ
QDWDJUPX^NDYLVRNDGRm
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ND VR GLMDPHWDU RNROX  mm 9R
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- NLVHOWUQBerberis vulgaris
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- OLVWRYLUvae ursi folium
36

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH
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VH RWNRUQXYD FHORWR UDVWHQLH RG ]HPMDWD L
GDVHRWNLQXYDDWJUDQNLWH
6DPRRGOLVWRYLWHQDVHNRHUDVWHQLHVPHHGDVHVREHUDW
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QRQHGRSUHQD
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LVX^HQL QHRSKRGQR H JUDQNLWH GD VH SURWUHVDW L GD VH VREHUDW
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PQRJX NU^OLYL L QHRSKRGQR H YQLPDWHOQR GD VH PDQLSXOLUD VR
QLY .YDOLWHWRW QD OLVWRYLWH QHPD GD ELGH ]DGRYROXYDaNL
GRNRONXWLHVHVURQDWVNU^DWLOLMDL]JXEDW]HOHQDWDERMD3R
VX^HZHWROLVWRYLWHVHSDNXYDDWYRKDUWLHQLYUH`LLOLNXWLL

37

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Berberis vulgaris L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

.LVHOWUQ

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR
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MDWD Berberidaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD
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,]GDQRFLWHVHVYLWNDQLQDSUHVHN
VH VR CROWD ERMD L LPDDW PD]QD
VLYR]HOHQDNRUD
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SR REOLN FYUVWL L NUXSQL 3R
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L PUHCHVWL SR SRYU^LQDWD VR
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LVWRNDNRLFYHWRYLWH
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5DVWHSRVRQaHYLVXYLLNDPHQHVWLULGRYLPH_XJUPX^NLLPH_L
SRUDERYLWHQD^XPLWHLOLYDGLWH6HVUH`DYDRGQL]LQLWHSDVp
GRm QDGPRUVNDYLVLQDQDSODQLQLWH
'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW
- NRUDBerberidis cortex
- NRUHQBerberidis radix
- ]UHOSORGBerberidis fructus

38

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH
3ORGRYLWH VH EHUDW NRJD `H VR]UHDW RG NUDMRW QD OHWRWR GR
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FL SRUDGL RVWULWH WUZH =D EHUHZH QD NRUHQRW L NRUDWD VH
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PDQLSXOLUDZH VR UDVWHQLHWR QH WUHED GD XaHVWYXYDDW EUHPHQL
CHQLLGHFD
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REOLN QD FHOL JUR]GRYL NRJD `H VR]UHDW L NRJD `H SRaQDW GD
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WHQLMD]DGDVHRVLJXUDSULURGQRWRYHJHWDWLYQRLVHPHQRUD]P
QRCXYDZHQDYLGRW
'D QH VH VRELUDDW NRUHZD RG PODGL UDVWHQLMD ]DWRD ^WR VH
QDUX^XYD SURFHVRW QD REQRYD 6OHGQRWR VRELUDZH QD LVWRWR
QDR_DOL^WHHGR]YROHQRQDMPDONXSRVOHJRGLQLYR]DYLVQRVW
RGVWHSHQRWQDREQRYDQDSRSXODFLMDWD1HWUHEDGDVHVRELUDDW
NRUHZD RG NLVHO WUQ YR REODVWL NDGH ^WR YLGRW H UHGRN L H
SUHWVWDYHQVRSRHGLQHaQLJUPX^NL

39

7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR
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40

%RWDQLaNRLPH

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41

JUXSLYRVYHWOL^XPL%DUDVXYDLSHVRNOLYDSRGORJDLGRYROQR
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42

 RG OLVWRYLWH PRUD GD RVWDQDW QHGRSUHQL 6DPR  RG

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43

%RWDQLaNRLPH

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44

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45

%RWDQLaNRLPH
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46

I&YHWRGNDPLOLFDChamomillae flos (anthodium))

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47

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48

3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH
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49

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50

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Colchicum autumnale L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

0UD]RYHF

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR
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LOL SRYH`H UR]HYRYLROHWRYL FYHWRYL
0UD]RYHFRW FYHWD YHGQD^ SR LVaH]QX
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YODCQLSODQLQVNLOLYDGL
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- ]UHORVHPHColchici semen
9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH
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51

$ODW]DEHUED
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52

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Crataegus monogyna L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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- FYHWRYLCrataegi flos
- OLVWRYLCrataegi folium
- ]UHOLSORGRYLCrataegi fructus

53

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH
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VRELUDDWFYHWRYLNRLSRWHPQDOHOLVWRYLVRJUDQaLZDLOLSORGRYLNRL
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WHCLQDRGkg REYLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLVWL
L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH] PLULV ]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD
VRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYODJDSRYUHGLQHaLVWRWLLLQVHNWLLJORGDUL
RGGHOHQLRGRWURYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD
3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH
2Gkg VYHCLFYHWRYLVROLVWRYLVHGRELYDkg VXYDGURJD
54

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Equisetum arvense L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR
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MDWD Equisetaceae 3UHWVWDYXYD WUH
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NRcm,PDPQRJXUD]YLHQLUL
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hiemale L.
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- PRaXUOLYDQDGGDYNDEquisetum palustre L.
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6H VRELUDDW VDPR VWHULOQLWH ]HOHQL JUDQNL ]DHGQR VR JODYQRWR
VWHEOR
55

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH
6HVRELUDRGPDMGRVHSWHPYUL
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PDVDRGkg REYLWNDQLVRWNDHQLQD6HaXYDDWYRVXYLaLVWLL
SURYHWUHQLSURVWRULLEH]PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYD
VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL QHaLVWRWLL LQVHNWL L JORGDUL RGGH
OHQLRGRWURYQLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD
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2Gkg VYHCLQDG]HPQLGHORYL
KHUED VH GRELYD  kg VXYD
KHUED

56

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Erythraea centaurium Pers. =

Centaurium umbellatum Gilib

/RNDOQLLPLZD

&UYHQNDQWDULRQ

2YDUDVWHQLHH]D^WLWHQRYRQHNRLHYURSVNL]HPML3RUDGLWRD
SRWUHEQRHGDVHRJUDQLaLQHJRYRWRVRELUDZH
2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR
Erythraea centaurium SULSD_D QD IDPL
OLMDWDGentianaceae3UHWVWDYXYDNUHY
NRQHCQRHGQRJRGL^QRUDVWHQLHNRH
QDUDVQXYDGRcm YRYLVLQD
6WHEORWR H JROR aHWLULDJROQR QD
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FYHWRYL YR REOLN QD \YH]GD SHWRGHO
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- OLVWRYLLFYHWRYLCentaurii herba
57

9UHPHQVNLSHULRGQDVRELUDZH
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VWUDQLWHRGNDUWRQRW
58

3DNXYDZHLaXYDZH
,VX^HQLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHULMDOVHSDNXYDYRVWDQGDUGQLEDOLVR
PDVD RG  kg REYLWNDQL VR QDWURQRYD KDUWLMD L SRUDEHQL VR
WNDHQLQD 6H aXYDDW YR VXYL aLVWL L SURYHWUHQL SURVWRULL EH]
PLULV]D^WLWHQLRGGLUHNWQDVRQaHYDVYHWOLQDYODJDSRYUHGL
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59

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Fragaria vesca (L.)

/RNDOQLLPLZD

>XPVNDMDJRGDGLYDMDJRGD

2SLVQDUDVWHQLHWR
>XPVNDWD MDJRGD SULSD_D QD
IDPLOLMDWD Rosaceae 3UHW
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60

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REODVWLYRNRLUHWNRVHVUH`DYD

61

7UHWPDQSRVRELUDZHWR
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62

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63

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65

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67

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68

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69

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70

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71

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72

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73

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74

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Helichrysum plicatum L.

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75

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76

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77

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78

NRPHUFLMDOQDYUHGQRVW3RWRDVHVRELUDYQLPDWHOQRQDSRGHEHO
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79

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Hypericum perforatum L.

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80

'HORYLRGUDVWHQLHWRNRLVHVRELUDDW
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81

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82

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Juniperus communis L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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83

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84

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85

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Malva silvestris L.

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86

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99

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100

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101

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102

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103

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104

%RWDQLaNRLPH

Plantago lanceolata L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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105

$ODW]DEHUED
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106

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Primula veris (L.) Huds.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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107

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108

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Rosa canina L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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109

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110

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Rubus idaeus L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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123

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125

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126

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127

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128

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Stachys officinalis L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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129

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130

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131

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Taraxacum officinale Web.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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134

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Teucrium montanum L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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135

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140

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143

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145

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Tussilago farfara L.

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146

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147

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Urtica dioica L.

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148

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149

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150

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151

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152

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153

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154

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155

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156

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Verbascum densiflorum Bertol.

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157

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158

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159

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160

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161

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3ULQRVSRVOHVX^HZH
2Gkg VYHCLFYHWRYLVHGRELYDDWkg
VXYL

162

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Viscum album L.

/RNDOQLLPLZD

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Viscum albumHUDVWHQLHNRHPQRJXEDYQRUDVWHL]DWRDHWH^NRGD
VHVREHUHYRJROHPLNROLaLQLDSULWRDGDVH]DGRYRODWNULWHUL
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YRRGUHGHQLREODVWLLYRRSUHGHOHQLNROLaLQL
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HNVSHULPHQWLHSRNDCDQRGHNDVHPHWRQH
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163

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GD REH]EHGL JROHPL NROLaLQL QD YRGD 1DMSRJRGQL ]D UD]YRM QD
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WD WRSOD L XPHUHQDWD NRQWLQHQWDOQD =D RUJDQVNR SURL]YRGVWYR
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164

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QDDPEDODCDWDVHREHOHCXYDWUDHQFUYHQUDE3 cm YR^LULQDNRM
SRNDCXYDGHNDUDVWHQLHWRHRWURYQR6XYLRWUDVWLWHOHQPDWHUL
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]D^WLWHQL RG GLUHNWQD VRQaHYD VYHWOLQD YODJD SRYUHGL
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2Gkg VYHCLL]GDQRFLVHGRELYDDWkg VXYL

165

166

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,YDQ$VHQRYADYGDU*XVHY*HUDVLP.LWDQRY6WHIDQ1LNRORY
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167

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9RYHG
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Summary

8SDWVWYR
0RQRJUDILLQDOHNRYLWLLDURPDWLaQLUDVWHQLMD
Abies alba Mill.
(ODRELaQDHOD
Achillea millefolium L.
$MGXaNDWUHYD
Agropyrum repens L.
3LUHYLQD
Allium ursinum L.
0HaNLQOXN
Althaea officinalis L.
%HOVOH]
Angelica sylvestris (L.)
$QJHOLND ............................................ 33
Arctostaphylos uva ursi L.
0HaNLQRJUR]MH
Berberis vulgaris L.
.LVHOWUQ
Betula pendula Roth.
2ELaQDEUH]D
Capsella bursa pastoris (L.)
2YaDUVNDWRUELaND
Chamomilla recutita Rausch. .DPLOLFD
Colchicum autumnale L.
0UD]RYHF
Crataegus monogyna L.
%HOJORJ
Equisetum arvense L.
.RZVNRRSDYaH
Erythraea centaurium Pers.
&UYHQNDQWDULRQ
Fragaria vesca (L.)
>XPVNDMDJRGD
Frangula alnus Mill.
.UX^LQD
Gentiana lutea L.
/LQFXUD
Geranium macrorrhizum L.
=GUDYHF
Hedera helix L.
%U^OHQ
Helichrysum plicatum L.
6PLT
Herniaria glabra L.
*RODNLODYLFD
Hypericum perforatum L.
.DQWDULRQ
Juniperus communis L.
6PUHND
Malva silvestris L.
&UQVOH]
Ononis spinosa L.
=DMDaNLWUQ
Origanum vulgare L.
2ULJDQR
Paeonia peregrina Mill.
%RCXU
Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn. /RSXK
Pinus mugo Turra
3ODQLQVNLERU
168

Plantago lanceolata L.
7HVQROLVWHQWHJDYHF
Primula veris (L.) Huds.
-DJOLND
Rosa canina L.
>LSND
Rubus idaeus L.
0DOLQD
Rubus sp. diversa
.DSLQD
Salix alba L.
%HODYUED
Salvia officinalis L.
#DOILMD
Sambucus nigra L.
%R]HO
Satureja montana L.
AXEULND
Sideritis scardica Griseb.
>DUSODQLQVNLaDM
Stachys officinalis L.
5DQLOLVW
Taraxacum officinale Web.
*OXYDUaH
Teucrium montanum L.
7UHYDLYD
Teucrium polium L.
%HOGXEHF
Thymus spp. L.
0DMaLQDGX^LaND
Tilia cordata Mill.
6LWQROLVQDOLSD
Tussilago farfara L.
3RGEHO
Urtica dioica L.
.RSULYD
Vaccinium myrtillus L.
%RURYLQND
Veratrum lobelianum Bernh.
AHPHULND
Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. /RSHQ
Viola odorata L.
0LUL]OLYDVLQROLaND
Viscum album L.
%HODLPHOD
/LWHUDWXUD

169

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and aromatic herbs : manual and monographs for collectors according to the
principles of organic production [DYWRUL6YHWODQD.XOHYDQRYD?R^H
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ISBN 
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170