G1

L1

G2

L2

Fungsi

Memisahkan asam asetat dari komponen gas vent header

Tipe

Packed tower

a. Komposisi aliran gas dan pelarut input

Gas in

Solven in

Komponen
kg/s

kmol/s

kg/s

kmol/s

Metil asetat

0.0233

0.0003

0.0045

0.0000

0.0000

Air

0.0575

0.0032

0.0460

0.3333

0.0185

Asam asetat

0.0450

0.0008

0.01

0.00

0.00

Karbon dioksida

0.2036

0.0046

0.07

0.00

0.00

Oksigen

0.0736

0.0023

0.03

0.00

0.00

Nitrogen

1.6311

0.0583

0.84

0.00

0.00

TOTAL

2.03

0.07

1.00

0.33

0.02

b. Komposisi aliran gas dan pelarut output

Gas output

Solven output

Komponen
kg/s
Metil asetat

kmol/s

0.01861111 0.0002515 0.0036076

kg/s

kmol/s

0.00

0.00

Air

0.05944444 0.0033025 0.0473711 0.34555556 0.019197531

Asam asetat

0.00027778 4.630E-006 6.64E-005 0.05361111 0.000893519

Karbon dioksida 0.14777778 0.0033586 0.0481761

0.00

0.00

Oksigen

0.07111111 0.0022222 0.0318759

0.00

0.00

Nitrogen

1.69611111 0.0605754 0.8689029

0.00

0.00

TOTAL

1.99333333 0.0697148

1.00

0.40

0.02

> T out

32

> P out

c. Data properties gas

# kondisi operasi gas :
> T in

> P in

50 C
1 atm

# Berat molekul rata-rata

Gas in
Komponen

Gas Out

BM
Y

Y.BM

Y.BM

Metil asetat

74.00

0.0045

0.3360138 0.00360758 0.26696067

Air

18.00

0.0460

0.8280339 0.04737113 0.85268035

Asam asetat

60.00

0.0108

0.6480265 6.641E-005 0.003984488

Karbon dioksida

44.00

0.0666

2.9321201 0.04817608 2.119747411

Oksigen

32.00

0.0331

1.0600434 0.0318759 1.020028829

Nitrogen

28.00

0.8389

23.488962 0.86890291 24.32928138

TOTAL

1.00

29.2932

1.00

28.59268312

# Densitas gas
input
Komponen

output

BM
Yi

Yi.BM

Yi

Yi.BM

Metil asetat

74.00

0.0045

0.3360138 0.00360758 0.26696067

Air

18.00

0.0460

0.8280339 0.04737113 0.85268035

Asam asetat

60.00

0.0108

0.6480265 6.641E-005 0.003984488

Karbon dioksida

44.00

0.0666

2.9321201 0.04817608 2.119747411

Oksigen

32.00

0.0331

1.0600434 0.0318759 1.020028829

Nitrogen

28.00

0.8389

23.488962 0.86890291 24.32928138

TOTAL

1.00

29.2932

1.00

(Y.BM)P
RT

G in

=
G out

((28.763 /)(1 ))/((82.073

3./.)(323 ))

1.10504472

kg/m3

((28.083 /)(1 ))/((82.073

3./.)(305 ))

28.59268312

((28.083 /)(1 ))/((82.073

3./.)(305 ))

1.14227491

kg/m3

# Viskositas gas input (perry)

Komponen

BM

(Pa.s)

Yi

Yi.BM

Metil asetat

74.00

0.0087

0.0045

0.04

Air

18.00

1.00E-02

0.0460

0.20

Asam asetat

60.00

7.00E-03

0.0108

0.08

Karbon dioksida

44.00

1.61E-02

0.0666

0.44

Oksigen

32.00

2.14E-02

0.0331

0.19

Nitrogen

28.00

1.86E-02

0.8389

4.44

1.00

5.39

TOTAL

viskositas gas (G in)

(Yi.i.BMi)
(Yi.BMi)

1.79E-02

cp

1.79E-05

pa.s

# Viskositas gas output (perry)

Komponen

BM

(Pa.s)

Yi

Yi.BM

Metil asetat

74.00

0.0082

0.0036

0.03

Air

18.00

2.05E-02

0.0474

0.20

Asam asetat

60.00

6.40E-03

0.0001

0.00

Karbon dioksida

44.00

1.53E-02

0.0482

0.32

Oksigen

32.00

2.05E-02

0.0319

0.18

Nitrogen

28.00

1.78E-02

0.8689

4.60

1.00

5.33

TOTAL

viskositas gas (G out)

(Yi.i.BMi)

(Yi.BMi)
=

1.78E-02

cp

1.78E-05

pa.s

# Diffusivitas Gas (Towler)

* Penentuan specific atomic diffusion volumes (v)
Komponen

BM

vi

Metil asetat

74.00

72.34

Air

18.00

9.44

Asam asetat

60.00

51.88

Karbon dioksida

44.00

26.9

Oksigen

32.00

16.6

Nitrogen

28.00

17.9

* Penentuan difusivitas masing-masing komponen (Dv)

dengan persamaan berikut :

Dv = 1,013x10. T. (Ma + Mb )
P [(va) + (vb) ]

(1/Ma)+(1/Mb)

(via)^1/3+(vib)^1/3

Dv (m/s)

Metil asetat-CH3COOH

0.03

7.90

6.95E-06

H2O-CH3COOH

0.07

5.84

1.96E-05

CO2-CH3COOH

0.04

6.73

1.09E-05

O2-CH3COOH

0.05

6.28

1.38E-05

N2-CH3COOH

0.05

6.35

1.42E-05

dimana Ma dan Mb adalah Berat molekul komponen

* Penentuan difusivitas solute dalam campuran gas (Dim)

Gas input

Gas output

Dv (m/s)
xi

xi/Dv

xi

Metil asetat-CH3COOH

6.95E-06

0.00

653.73636

0.00

H2O-CH3COOH

1.96E-05

0.05

2344.2839

0.05

CO2-CH3COOH

1.09E-05

0.07

6092.6

0.05

O2-CH3COOH

1.38E-05

0.03

2394.5158

0.03

N2-CH3COOH

1.42E-05

0.84

59202.392

0.87

TOTAL

70687.56

70962.55

difusivitas gas dapat dicari menggunakan persamaan berikut:

Dim

Xj

-1

Dij
dimana :

Dim

Difusivitas solute melalui campuran gas, m/s

Xj

fraksi mol komponen selain solute

Dij

difusivitas biner antara solute dengan

komponen lain dalam gas, m/s

Dim gas in

1.4E-05 m/s

Dim gas out

1.4E-05 m/s

d. Data properties pelarut

# kondisi operasi solven :
> T in

33 C

> T out

30

> P in

10 atm

> P out

1.6

# Berat molekul rata-rata

Solven in
Komponen

Solven out

BM
Y

Y.BM

Y.BM

Asam asetat

60.00

0.04447346 2.668407712

Air

18.00

1.0000

18

0.95552654 17.19947769

18

TOTAL

19.8678854

# Densitas pelarut (Perry)

Solven in

Solven out

Komponen
(kg/m3

x.

(kg/m3

Asam asetat

0.00

0.00

1037.91

0.044473462

Air

1020.25

1.0000

1020.3

1023.01

0.956

TOTAL

1020.25

1023.67

Solven in

Solven out

# Viskositas pelarut (Perry)

Komponen
(Pa.s)

x.

(Pa.s)

Asam asetat

0.E+00

0.0000

0.E+00

1.E-03

4.E-02

Air

8.E-04

1.0000

8.E-04

2.E-03

0.956

TOTAL

8.00.E-04

1.96.E-03

# Difusivitas liquid
Persamaan Wilke-Chang - coulson p.332
DL

1,173 x 10(M)T
.Vm

Dimana :
DL =
=

liquid diffusivity, m/s,

an association factor for the solvent,

molecular mass of solvent,

18.00

viscosity of solvent

8.0.E-04

T=

temperature, K,

M=

Vm =

molar volume of the solute at its boiling point, m/kmol.

R=

0.08206

m3.atm/kmol.K

Persamaan Antoine (Asam asetat):

A=

7.39

B=

1533.313

C=

222.309

2.6

* Penentuan T menggunakan persamaan antoine

ln P = A -

B
C+T

T=

A-ln P
T=

1533.31

222.309

7.39 - ln (10 atm)

T=

79.08434574 K

* Penentuan Vm
Vm = R.T
P
Vm = (0.08206 m.atm/kmol.K)(79.08 K)
10 atm
=

0.65

m/kmol

* Penentuan DL
DL

1,173 x 10E-13 (M)T

.Vm

1,173 x 10E-13 (2,6 x 18 kg/kmol)(79.084 K)

(8E-4 kg/m.s)(0.65^0.6 m/kmol)

1.02822523E-007 m/s

e. Menentukan Packing absorber

Jenis Packing

= Pall ring, metal (table 17.3, Towler)

Nominal size

3.5 inch

(table 17.2, Towler)

(untuk laju alir gas diatas 1 m/s, maka packing size-nya > 50 mm, Treybal)
Bulk density

273 kg/m (table 17.2, Towler)

Surface area (ap)

66

m/m (table 17.2, Towler)

Packing factor (fp)

52

m (table 17.2, Towler)

Cf

16

(table 6.3,treybal)

(figure 6.34, treybal)

(figure 6.34, treybal)

gc

f. Menentukan diameter absorber

Diketahui :

Maka,

L1

0.33

kg/s

G1

1.99

kg/s

L/G

0.17

8.0.E-04 kg/m.s

G1 =

1.14

kg/m

L1 =

1020.25

kg/m

Dengan melihat grafik 6.34 (Treybal, hal 195)

didapat persamaan sumbu x yaitu :
Flv =

L1

G1

L - G

0.5

sumbu x

0.01

sehingga didapat sumbu y =

0.08

persamaan sumbu y adalah :

sumbu y

G.Cf.L.J

G2 (L1 - G2).gc
dari persamaan pada sumbu y, didapat G2' maximum :
(G2'max) =

(sb y)(G2)(L1 - G2)(gc)

Cf.L.J

(0.08)(1.12 kg/m)(1020.25 kg/m - 1.14 kg/m)(1)

(16)(8E-4 kg/m.s)(1)

11.88

(G2'max) =
G operasi =

kg/m.s

3.45

kg/m.s

50%-70% G'max (flooding)

untuk menentukan persentasi flooding, didapat dari grafik 17.54 (towler)

K4 at flooding

13,1(G2'max)(Fp)(L/L)^0,1
G2 (L1 - G2)

13,1(3.42kg/m.s)(52m)((8e-4kg/m.s)/(1020.25kg/m))^0,1
(1.12 kg/m)(1020.25 kg/m - 1.12 kg/m)

Flv

0.49

0.50

asumsi design pressure drop untuk absorber =

15 -50
=

K4 at design pressure drop

0.2

mmH2O/m packing

21 mmH2O/m packing

% flooding

K4 at design pressure drop

x100

K4 at flooding
=

0.2

x100

0.49
=
G2 operasi =

63.6%

% flooding x G'max

G2 operasi =
=

0.64

x G'max

2.19

kg/m.s

sedangkan laju alir gas yang masuk adalah =

maka luas penampang absorber adalah

2.03
=

kg/s

G2
G2 operasi

2.03

kg/s

2.19

kg/m.s

0.9280465 m

Sehingga akan didapat diameter absorber adalah

4A

column area actual

vw* actual =
lw* actual =

2.141566212 kg/m.s
laju alir pelarut
luas penampang absorber

1.09

1.1

0.94985

m2

0.33

kg/s

0.95

0.35

kg/m.s

f. Menentukan surface tension

i

Pch (L - G)

x 10

M
dimana :
i

Surface tension, mJ/m

Pch

Sugden's parachor

Berat molekul

# Kolom bawah
L

1023.67

kg/m

1.11

kg/m

Komponen

BM

Yi

Pch

i, N/m

yi.i

Metil asetat

74.00

0.005

122.2

8.13

0.04

Air

18.00

0.046

42.6

34.30

1.58

Asam asetat

60.00

0.011

94.8

6.81

0.07

Karbon dioksida

44.00

0.067

44.8

1.18

0.08

Oksigen

32.00

0.033

40.0

2.67

0.09

Nitrogen

28.00

0.839

25.0

0.69

0.58

1.00

369.4

53.79

2.44

TOTAL

# Kolom bawah
L

1020.25

kg/m

1.14

kg/m

Komponen

BM

Yi

Pch

i, N/m

yi.i

Metil asetat

74.00

0.000

122.2

8.02

0.00

Air

18.00

1.000

42.6

33.84

33.84

Asam asetat

60.00

0.000

94.8

6.72

0.00

Karbon dioksida

44.00

0.000

44.8

1.16

0.00

Oksigen

32.00

0.000

40.0

2.63

0.00

Nitrogen

28.00

0.000

25.0

0.69

0.00

1.00

369.4

53.06

33.84

TOTAL

g. Menentukan tinggi absorber

Onda's method (Towler p.901)
Dimana :
K5 = 5.23 for packing sizes above 15 mm, and 2.00 for sizes below 15 mm,
Lw*. = liquid mass flow rate per unit cross-sectional area, kg/ms,
Vw*. = gas mass flow rate per unit column cross-sectional area, kg/ms,
aw = effective interfacial area of packing per unit volume, m/m,
ap = actual area of packing per unit volume, m/m,
dp = packing size, m,

c = critical surface tension for the particular packing material given below:
Material

c mN/m

Ceramic

61

Metal (steel)

75

Plastic

33

Carbon

56

x = liquid surface tension, N/m,

kG = gas film mass transfer coefficient, kmol/m.s.atm or kmol/m.s.bar,
kL = liquid film mass transfer coefficient, (kmol/m.s)x(kmol/m3) = m/s.

Data perhitungan :
K5

5.23

Lw* =

0.35

kg/m.s

Vw* =

2.14

kg/m.s
m/m

ap

66

dp

0.076

0.075

N/m for metal

0.034

N/m

1.11

kg/m

1020.25 kg/m

1.79.E-05

kg/m.s

8.00.E-04

kg/m.s

9.8 m/s

0.08206 atm.m/kmol.K

305

32

atm

* Penentuan effective interfacial area of packing per unit volume (aw)

aw

1-exp

-1,45

0.75

aw = a 1-exp

-1,45

0.1

0.75

Lw*

-0,05

Lw*.a
L.g

a.L

L
aw =

Lw*

0.1

L.L.a

-0,05

Lw*.a
L.g

a.L

Lw*

Lw*
L.L.a

39 m/m

* Penentuan kL
kL

1/3

0.0051

L.g

Lw*

2/3

kL

Lw*

(a.dp)

L.DL

aw.L

0.0051

-1/2

2/3

-1/2

(a.dp)

L.DL

aw.L
L

1/3

L.g
kL

0.0003477 m/s

cL (konsentrasi pelarut rata-rata)

cL in + cL out
2

cL in

= L in

cL out

L out

BM
=

BM

1020.25

kg/m

18.00

kg/kmol

56.68

kmol/m

cL (konsentrasi pelarut rata-rata)

1023.67
19.87

51.52

cL in + cL out
2

cL in

L in

cL out

BM
=

=
cL average

BM

1020.25 kg/m

18.00

kg/kmol

56.68

kmol/m

Sehingga, kL

54.10

kmol/m

= kL' x cL
= 0.0012 m/s x 54.1 kmol/m
=

0.02

kmol/m.s

* Penentuan kG
kG
a

RT =
Dv

K5

Vw*
a.v

0.7

1023.67
19.87

= (56.68 + 51.52) kmol/m

L out

v
v.Dv

1/3

(a.dp)

51.52

K5
kG =

Vw*

0.7

1/3

(a.dp)

v.Dv

a.v

RT
a.Dv
kG '

kG

1.5E-03 kmol/m.s.atm
kG' x P

1.5E-03 kmol/m.s.atm x 1 atm

1.5E-03

kmol/m.s

* Penentuan Hog (overall of height transfer unit)

Hg

Gm

HL

kG'.aw.P

Lm
kL'.aw.Ct

dimana :
Hg dan HL

film transfer unit height

tekanan operasi kolom, atm

Ct

konsentrasi pelarut, kmol/m

Gm

laju alir molar gas per unit cross-sectional area, kmol/m.s

Lm

laju alir molar pelarut per unit cross-sectional area, kmol/m.s

Gm

G' operasi

Lm =

BM
=

2.19

L' operasi
BM

kg/m.s

0.35

Hg

29.29

kg/kmol

0.075

kmol/m.s

Gm

18.00
=

kG.aw
=

0.075

kmol/m.s

(1.6E-3 kmol/m.s)(39 m/m)

=
HL

1.23

Lm
kL.aw

0.02

kmol/m.s

(0.02 kmol/m.s)(39 m/m)

=

0.0264578 m

Hog = Hg + m

Gm HL
Lm

m Gm

0,7 - 0,8 (Towler, p.896)

Lm
=
Hog

=
=

0.7

(1.23 m) + (0.7)(0.0265 m)
1.3 m

* Penentuan Nog (number of transfer unit)

Nog didapat dengan memplotkan y1/y2 terhadap mGm/Lm

0.02

y1

y2
Dimana :

0.0108

162.63736

6.641E-005
y1 (fraksi mol methanol dalam aliran gas masuk)
y2 (fraksi mol methanol dalam aliran gas keluar)

mGm/Lm

0.7

Sehingga didapat Nog dari gambar 17.49 (towler)

Nog

13

* Penentuan tinggi absorber (Z)

Z

Hog x Nog

1.3 m x

16.3 m

13

a=

3.3333333

b=

49.491207

Solven in
kmol/s

0.0000

0.0000

0.0185

1.0000

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

1.00

Solven output
kmol/s

0.00

0.00

0.019197531 0.95552654
0.000893519 0.04447346
0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

1.00

32 C
1 atm

Gas Out
Y.BM
0.26696067
0.85268035
0.003984488

2.119747411
1.020028829
24.32928138
28.59268312

output
Yi.BM
0.26696067
0.85268035
0.003984488
2.119747411
1.020028829
24.32928138
28.59268312

Yi.BM.
3.40E-04
1.95E-03
5.86E-04
7.12E-03
4.01E-03
8.26E-02
9.66E-02

Yi.BM.
2.54E-04
4.12E-03
3.29E-06

4.89E-03
3.70E-03
8.18E-02
9.48E-02

10. T. (Ma + Mb )

Dv (m/s)
6.95E-06
1.96E-05
1.09E-05
1.38E-05
1.42E-05

Gas output
xi/Dv
519.4
2414.1
4404.61
2304.13
61320.36
70962.55

melalui campuran gas, m/s

C
atm

Solven out
Y.BM
2.668407712
17.19947769
19.8678854

Solven out
x

x.

0.044473462 46.1594508
0.956

977.51

1023.67

Solven out
x

x.

4.E-02

4.447E-005

0.956

1.9.E-03

1.96.E-03

for water
18.00
8.0.E-04

kg/m.s)/(1020.25kg/m))^0,1

mmH2O/m packing

yi.i
0.04
1.58
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.58
2.44

yi.i
0.00
33.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
33.84

0 for sizes below 15 mm,

ing material given below:

Lw*

0.2

L.L.a

Lw*
L.L.a

0.2

1023.67

kg/m

19.87

kg/kmol

51.52

kmol/m

-sectional area, kmol/m.s

oss-sectional area, kmol/m.s

kg/m.s

kg/kmol
kmol/m.s