Book

Of
&

By: Jason Flach

Key:
Names of minerals in the three rock sections
will be italicized
Igneous rocks can be found on the blue
colored pages
Sedimentary rocks can be found on the
green colored pages
Metamorphic rocks can be found on the
orange colored pages
Minerals can be found on the red colored
pages

Igneous
rocks

Granite
Granite is a coarse grained rock, meaning
that the pieces that make it up are 1mm or
larger. Coarse grains are formed because of
slow cooling during formation. Granite
contains mostly quartz and feldspar minerals.

Fun Fact: Granite was

used to make both the
pyramids in Egypt and
Stonehenge in England!

Obsidian
Obsidian is actually volcanic glass that
forms from very rapid cooling. There are no
crystals in this rock because they didnt have
time to form. Molten material comes out of
volcanoes and cools extremely fast.

Fun Fact: Obsidian

used to be used as
tools like arrow heads
or knives!

Andesite
Andesite is a fine grained, extrusive rock.
That means that this rock has grains less than
.25mm in size and was formed on the surface of
the earth. This rock is primarily composed of
plagioclase, but also includes other minerals
like hornblende, biotite, and pyroxene.

Fun Fact: Andesite is the main

rock that makes up Mt.
Rainier, the highest mountain
in the Cascade Range. Mt.
Rainier is also an active
volcano!

Basalt
Basalt is a fine grained, extrusive rock as well.
Basalt is made of primarily pyroxene,
plagioclase feldspar, and sometimes olivine. It
is also formed from rapid cooling, but not as
rapid as obsidian rock.

Fun Fact: Basalt is the rock

that primarily makes up the
Moon!

Sedimentary
Rocks

Limestone
Limestone is a rock mainly composed of
calcium carbonate. This means that it can form
from carbonate material, like shells, coral, or
fecal matter. Limestone is used most commonly
by humans for cement.

Fun Fact: Limestone can

form into caves because
underground water can
easily dissolve it!

Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic rock, meaning that it is
composed of broken pieces from other rocks.
Sandstone is formed in environments with a lot
of sand, duh! These environments could include
beaches, deserts, flood plains, or deltas.

Fun Fact: Sandstone is the

rock that makes up the
Vermilion Cliffs National
Monument!

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Conglomerate
Conglomerate is a coarse grained, clastic rock
consisting of large round particles. The stuff
holding these large particles together is either
smaller rock particles or cement. The larger
particles are a size greater than 2mm.

Fun Fact: The oldest

minerals on earth, zircons,
are found in conglomerates
in the Jack Hills of
Australia!

11

Flint
Flint is a hard chemical sedimentary rock
that breaks with conchoidal fracture. This
means that when flint breaks, it doesnt
follow any natural planes of separation.
Flint is also a form of quartz and is also
commonly referred to as chert.

Fun Fact: Flint can be

used to start a fire! Do
you smell what The Rock
is cooking?!

12

Metamorphic
Rocks

13

Gneiss
Gneiss is a foliated metamorphic rock,
meaning that it has a banded or layered
appearance. It has granular minerals, usually
made up of quartz and feldspar.

Fun Fact: Gneiss rocks

are some of the oldest
found on the earth! Isnt
that nice?

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Slate
Slate is also a foliated metamorphic rock. It
is formed from the rock shale through heat,
pressure, and chemical processes. This rock
also splits into thin sheets.

Fun Fact: Slate is

used to make both
pool tables and
roofing tiles!

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Schist
Schist is too a foliated metamorphic rock.
Schist often contains a lot of mica, which
allows it to split into thin pieces. The mica
pieces are those that are shiny in the picture
below.

Fun Fact: Most schist

rocks started as a clay or
mud before they went
through metamorphism!
Aint that some schist?!

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Marble
Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock
because it is not banded. It is produced from
the metamorphism of limestone and is
composed mostly of calcium carbonate.

Fun Fact: Most statues

from history are made of
marble. That is why they
are subject to weathering!

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Minerals

18

Biotite
Biotite is a group of mica minerals that are
clustered together. It is most commonly
found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Biotite is one of the easier minerals to
identify because of its cleavage, making it
very easy to break into thin sheets.

Fun Fact: Biotite is often

mistaken for gold by gold
panners because of its
bright bronze reflective
colors!

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Hornblende
Hornblende minerals are a grouping of darkcolored amphibole minerals that can be
found in both igneous and metamorphic
rocks. It has two directions of cleavage and
normally an elongated, blocky look to it.

Fun Fact: Although

hornblende is commonly
found worldwide, it is rare
to find a good crystal!

20

Quartz
Quartz consists of two elements, one part
silicon and two parts oxygen (SiO2). It is
found in all three rock groups, igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic. Quartz is
also a very durable mineral, to both
chemical and mechanical weathering.

Fun Fact: Quartz is

the most abundant
mineral on the
surface of the Earth!

21

Olivine
Olivine is most typically found in either
mafic or ultra-mafic igneous rocks, meaning
darker colored rocks. Olivine, along with
other minerals usually crystallizes to form
gabbros or basalt. These rocks are most
commonly found at divergent boundaries of
tectonic plates.

Fun Fact: Olivine has

been found in a lot of
iron meteorites!

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References:
Title Page: Rocks-http://thehappyscientist.com/files/Units/Rocks/Rocks%20banner.jpg
Minerals-http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/headers_96908/K_minerals1.gif
Page 1: http://0.media.collegehumor.cvcdn.com/80/70/2eb01271c86bc783bb3b642bdb990a50the-evolution-of-dwayne-the-rock-johnson.jpg
Page 2:Granite-http://f.tqn.com/y/geology/1/S/g/V/granitesalinia.jpg
Page 3:Granite- http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/SedRx/Images/750weather1.jpg
Pyramid- http://www.allnaturalstoneinc.com/4-interesting-facts-about-granite/
Dwayne The Rock Johnsonhttp://www.wwe.com/f/styles/superstar_bio/public/talent/bio/2013/01/the_rock_bio_20130107.p
ng
Page 4:Obsidian- http://guidobaru.edublogs.org/files/2014/11/Obsidian-2-urp33w.jpg
Arrowheads- http://www.kidsloverocks.com/assets/images/Obsidian-Arrowhead-320.jpg
Page 5:andesite- http://earthphysicsteaching.homestead.com/Andesite__MT.jpg
Rainier- http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1172/figures/tacoma.gif
Smoke- https://volcanocafe.wordpress.com/2013/10/30/types-of-volcanic-eruptions/
Page 6:basalt- http://f.tqn.com/y/geology/1/S/I/W/basalt_massive.jpg
Moon- http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/news/uploads/lrocwac643nm_nearside_1200p.png
Page 7:caves- https://fmss12ucheme.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/limestone-caves.jpg
Page 8:limestone- http://dnr.mo.gov/geology/geosrv/imac/images/calciticlimestonelg.jpg
Cave2- https://www.colourbox.com/preview/5162423-cave-stalactites-and-stalagmitesformations-limestone-caves.jpg
Page 9: sandstone- http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/sandstone.html
Cliffs- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermilion_Cliffs_National_Monument

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Page 10:conglomerate
http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/images/conglomerate1.jpg
Australiahttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/JackHills_Location.jpg/220pxJackHills_Location.jpg
Page 11:flint-https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/originals/7e/fa/50/7efa50a87457631f6a192d908c6fc8db.jpg
Fire-http://blog.theclymb.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Caveman-Campfire.jpg
Page 12: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gneiss.jpg
Page 13: gneiss1-http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/images/gneiss2.jpg
Gneiss2http://www.worktopfactoryy.co.uk/portals/22/images/fluff/EncyclopediaImages/Gneiss.jpg
Page 14:slatehttp://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/6MetamorphicRocks/Slate/SlateFourColors.jpg
Pool-http://varsyshost.com/~pooltabl/wp-content/themes/theme1263/images/slider_img/slider1.jpg
Roof-http://www.evergreenslate.com/images/roof-texture.jpg
Page 15:schist-http://www2.newark.ohiostate.edu/facultystaff/personal/jstjohn/Documents/Cool-Rocks/ManhattanSchist_files/image002.jpg
Page 16:marble-http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/marble.jpg
Statuehttp://b68389.medialib.glogster.com/media/5f0eb8e98d17de132a4d0a9b2b00ce147257911b3b5
d29a26226095539751d46/acid-rain-stone-erosion-of-statue-1.jpg
Page 17:minerals-http://www.stepbystep.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Difference-Betweena-Rock-and-Mineral-Mineral.jpg
Page 18:biotite-http://www.daviddarling.info/images/biotite.jpg
Gold-http://www.sagolddiggers.com.au/gallery/gold%20bar.jpg
Page 19:hornblende1- http://www.kristallin.de/gesteine/Hornblende-Rosenberg_v.jpg
Hornblende2- http://www.geologicdesires.com/OKF-453a.jpg

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Page 20:quartzhttp://www.healingwithcrystals.net.au/uploads/1/5/5/7/15572098/573739330_orig.jpg?210
Earth-http://solarviews.com/raw/earth/bluemarblewest.jpg
Page 21:olivine-http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/mineral/olivine/6olivine2645.jpg
Meteor-http://8pic.ir/images/70557151523813791047.jpg

1. "Igneous Rocks." Igneous Rocks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.

2. "4 Interesting Facts About Granite You May Not Know." Facts About Granite Slabs San Jose
Burlingame. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.
3. "Sedimentary Rocks." Sedimentary Rocks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.
4. "Metamorphic Rocks." Metamorphic Rocks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.
5. "Mineral Uses, Properties, Descriptions." Mineral Properties, Uses and Descriptions. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.