ASurfersBacksideAirReverseandanAuthorsUseofSubsections:BothMoves

Standingonthebeachandwatchingasurferwalkthenoseisnottheonlywaytostudy
surfingthepopularoceansportwhichtendstoaccompanyarelaxedlifestyleofsandandsun
canbeanalyzedbymanydifferentacademicdisciplines.Dependingonthesourceproviding
analysis,thegenres,rhetoricalfeatures,andmovestheyusetoinformwillvaryaccordingtothe
targetaudiencetheyarehopingtoreach.Anauthorspurposeforengagingtheiraudiencevaries
withtherhetoricalfeaturesandmovestheychoosetouseandtheaudiencestheywantto
reach.Amovecanbedefinedmuchlikewrittenconventions:anauthorsuseofrhetorical,
grammatical,orcontextualfeaturesthatmaketheaudiencesreadingexperiencebecometheway
theauthordesires.Whencomparingscholarlyandnonacademicarticles,onecanseethe
differenceintheauthorsuseofmovesandfeatures,andtheirtargetaudiencebasedonthe
contrastingpurposeofeachpiece.Inordertoanalyzethedistinctionsbetweenthetwo,Ilooked
atthreedifferentarticles,twoscholarlyones,andonefromapopculturesource.Usingthe
Writing2coursereadertoexaminethedifferencebetweentheirpurposes,themovesused,and
howtheaudienceisintendedtoviewandrespondtoeachpiece,Ifoundthatthescholarly
articlesintentionseemstobetodisperseknowledge,whilethepopculturearticlessharecatchy
informationinordertoleadreaderstowardsanotherpurpose.
Thefirstisascholarlymagazinearticleonthetechnologyandengineeringofmanmade
wavepools.Thenextisabiologicalscholarlyarticleonthepreventionofgettinginjuredwhile
surfing.Thelastarticleisfromapopularpopculturewebsite,Buzzfeed,onafamousfemale
surferfromIndia.Inthecoursereader,LauraBolinCarrollwritesaboutthreecommonmethods
theorizedbyAristotlethatanargumentcanbepresented:logos,pathos,andethos.Theuseof

thesetermscanbeconsideredanauthorsmove,astheychoosedifferentmethodstopersuade
basedupontheirobjectiveaudience.Logosis,definedas[an]argumentfromreason,attracting
readerswhoseekscholarlybasedinformation(Carroll).Contrarily,pathosusesthemindto
touchourheartsandpersuadeouremotions.Lastisethos,usinghumortoinfluencetheaudience
tomakethetopicapproachable.Inthethreearticlespresented,eachartisticappealisemployed
atleastonce(Carroll).
ThearticleTheNewWave:areartificialwavesthefutureofsurfing?iswrittento
informreadersofaconsiderablyinterestingengineeringproject.Theauthorworkstoexplainits
upcomingpopularity.Theinformationseemstobehavescholarlybasedinformation,yetits
presentedinaentertainingway.

TheauthorAlfAldersonusesbothlogosandethosto
strengthenhisargument.Thearticleaboutsurfingandthecreationofwavepoolsbeginswith
humoroussurferjargonlike,Surfsup!andridethecurl(Alderson).Aldersonusesthese
phrasestofamiliarizethereaderwiththepossiblyunacquaintedtopicofsurfing.Theauthor
recognizesthattheprimaryaudiencemaynotbesurfers,butengineersandotherprofessionals
lookingforinformationregardingadevelopingtechnology.Thisuseofethosmakesthearticle
morerelatable,helpingtheaudiencebetterunderstanditspurposeofinformingthepublicon
newworldwidesurfingopportunities.Asthearticledevelops,logosbecomesmoreprevalent
withthecontinualuseofdata,facts,andquotestocomparewavepoolsfromaroundtheglobe.
Becausethemainaudienceofthisarticleisinterestedintheintellectualinformationpertainingto
thetopic,thisuseoflogosisnecessarytocaptivateandpreservetheirattention.Thefeatures
givestheargumentthenecessarycredibilityneededtocreatetrustbetweenAldersonandthe
reader.

AnexampleofAldersonsuseofevidenceisaquotebyeleventimeASPWorld
Championofsurfing,KellySlaterinwhichheexplains,ontheartificialwaveyoucanrideas
longasyouwant,doanymanoeuvreyouwantandpracticeoverandoveragain(Alderson).Not
onlyisthiscomingfromacrediblesourceforsurferswhoadmireSlater,butalsoreliablefor
anyonewhoreadsthefactsgivenhisimpressivecompetitivesurfinghistory.Thisisconsidered
interviewdata.Itisanopinionstatementthatisvaluedbecauseofthepersonsknowledgeand
experienceinthefield.Alfredknowsthatwithoneofthebestsurfersinhistoryonhissideofthe
argument,morepeoplewillconsiderhisperspectiveonthewavepoolsupandcoming
popularity.
Othermovessuchasacoverpagefeaturingalargeimageandtitle,mapsanddiagrams,
andshort,digestibleparagraphsaretacticsusedbyAldersoninpersuadinghisreadersand
makingtheirjobseasier.MikeBunn,whowroteHowtoReadLikeaWriter,explainsinhis
piece,locatewhatyoubelievearethemostimportantwriterlychoicerepresentedinthe
textchoiceaslargeastheoverallstructureorassmallasasinglewordusedonlyonceto
considertheeffectofthosechoicesonpotentialreaders(Bunn).Thisstatementreiterateshow
importantAldersonsmovesliketheuseofshortparagraphscanbetotheoverallpurposeofa
paper.Theyguidethereaderthroughthepaper,withoutlosingtheirattentionor
overemphasizinganypoints.
ThenextarticleAcuteinjuriesandchronicpathologyoftheheadandfacesustained
whilesurfboardriding

bythecontributorsSimonDimmick,MarkGillett,PatrickSheehan,
CameronSuttonandSuzanneEAndersonisusedprimarilytosharecollectedknowledge.The
authorsarepresentingtheirdatatohelpimproveandpreventfurtherinjuriesinthesportof

surfing.Theauthors

useexclusivelylogos,theintellectualapproach,topersuadetheaudience.
Thispieceiswrittenusingthestructureofascientificexperiment,baseduponresearchon
twentyninepatientsandtheirsurfinginjuries.Ascientificreporttendstobeginwithan
argument,givedataandanalysis,andendbystatinghowthedatasupportstheargument.Thisis
muchlikeCarrollsdefinitionoflogosabove,definingitas[an]argumentfromreason
(Carroll).Theaudiencewantstoknowwhythefactsmatter,orinotherwords,understandwhy
theargumentisvalidandapplicabletotheirpersonalstudyorpractice.Theinformationgiven
regardingthedifferentpatientsinjuriesandrelatedanalysishelpssupportthepurposeofthe
piece,whichistospreadawarenessabout,andminimizethepotentiallylifethreateninginjuries
thatcanoccurwhilesurfing.
Theauthorsstateintheintroductionoftheirpiece,Legropesareuniversallyusedto
ensurethatsurferandboarddonotbecomeseparatedafterfallingofftheuseoflegropes
however,mayincreasetheriskofbeingstruckandinjuredbyonesownboardduringa
wipeout(Dimmick).ThoughcommonlyknowntosurfersandotherSoCalnativesasaleash,
themainaudienceofthispiecearemedicalpractitionersorresearchersfromaroundtheworld
whomaynotbeacquaintedwithasurfersvocabulary.Therefore,theauthorsmustsupply
operationalorconceptualdefinitionstoaidreadersinfollowingtheargument.Inthequotation
above,thereaderisgivenanexplanationofthelegropeanditsimportancetosurfers.This
moveisimportantbecausewithoutanyknowledgeofwhattheleashis,theinformation
regardingitssignificancetoinjurywouldbedisconcertingandconfusingtothemainpoint.The
authorisaimingtokeepthefocusofthereaderbykeepingtheminformed.Becausethereaders

arededicatedtounderstandingthematerial,theyarewillingtolearnnewtermsinordertograsp
theconcepts.
LikeTheNewWave,thisarticleusesimagesandaboldedtitletoattractthereaders.
Offeringsuchvisualfeaturescangreatlyeasethejobofareader.Theuseofsubsectionsis
anothermethodauthorsusetosimplifyareadersexperiencebymakingtheinformationeasierto
navigate.InBunnspiece,readersareadvisedtothinkabout
why
anauthormadecertainmoves
tohelptheiraudiencebetterunderstandtheirpurpose.Thesesubsectionsareamovetohelpthe
readerfocusmoreontheexperimentwithoutbeingdistracted.Alongerresearchpapertype
piececouldbetiringandconfusing,drawingthereadersattentionawayfromthemainpoints
beingargued.
Thefinalarticleexamined,unliketheothertwo,wasanonscholarlyonefromthe
websiteBuzzfeed,asocialnewsandentertainmentcompany.Thearticle

IndiasFirstFemale
SurferIsNowInspiringYoungGirlsToHitTheWaves

writtenbyShayanRoyusespathos,the
lastartisticappealwehaveyettosee,baseduponemotion(Carroll).Thepieceisshort,
containingmanypicturesthatsplitupthetext.Attheend,thereisafiveminuteofthefemale
surfersupportingtheargumentthatshecouldrepresentaninspirationalfiguretoyounggirls.
Theheartwarmingideaofyouthbeinguplifted,encouraged,andinspiredisthepathostoolRoy
usestopersuadethereader.
InStepsTowardRhetoricalAnalysis,Carrollwrites,Pathoscanalsobeavery
effectiveappealiftherhetorhastopersuadetheaudienceinaveryshortamountoftime.
Buzzfeedisfamousfortheirshortandtothepointarticles,whichiswhytheirusageofpathos
makesgoodsense.AdvertisersfundBuzzfeedtowritearticlesrelatedtotheirbusinesstocreate

goodpressfortheproductorideatheywanttosell.Inthiscasethearticlewasfinancedby
BrownGirlSurf,whichishyperlinkedatthebeginningofthepiece(Gallagher).Iftheauthor
wantstodrivehomeinformationabouttheemergenceoffemalesurfinginIndia,suggestingthat
onefemalesurferhasinspiredmanyisagreatwaytoquicklyandemotionallyinfluencean
audienceandmaketheminvestedinyourstory.Thetheauthorgetstheirpointacrosstoreaders
whoarepeoplejustsurfingthewebandnotinvestingalotoftimeonreadinglongarticles.Inhis
piece,Bunnemphasized,ifyouknowattheoutsetthattheauthoristryingtoreachavery
specificgroupofreaders,thenhisorherwriterlytechniquesmayseemmoreorlesseffective
thanifhe/shewastryingtoreachamoregeneralaudience(Bunn).Theaudienceofthefirsttwo
articlesisamoreexplicitgroup,andmostlikelyputeffortintofindingspecificinformationto
improvetheirknowledgeofacertaintopicofinterest.Ontheotherhand,theaudiencefor
Buzzfeedarticlesisquitebroad,rangingfromyoungteenstoadults.Atthetopofeachpage
therearebuttonslabeled
WTF,LOL,OMG,
ect.thatemphasizethewebsitesfocusona
popculturefocused,youngaudience.Theresalsoa
Parents
tabonthewebsitethat
acknowledgestheolderaudience.Thesearticlesarecreatedforeverydaywebsurferswhomay
comeacrossthemonsocialmediasitessuchasFacebookorTwitter.Buzzfeedreadersaremuch
lesslikelylookingforspecificinformationinthearticlestheyread.Inthisquote,Bunnisstating
thatamorespecifictopiccanbemoreeffectivelyrelatabletoreadersthanamoregeneralone.
Whencomparingthethreearticles,thetwoscholarlyarticlesspecificinformationdeliver
amoreeffectiveandclearmessagetotheirintendedaudiences.IntheBuzzfeedarticle,the
authorsmovetoreachawideraudienceandultimatelyproduceahighnumberofclicksforthe
clientstheyadvertiseconsequentlyweakensthestrengthofthepiece.Promptedbythe

audienceslackofspecificmotivationtoreadtheinformationprovided,Roysharesbasic,yet
entertaininginformationthatattractsinstantreactionsinordertodrivepeoplesattentiontohis
advertiserssites.Roygivesupbolsteringaclearargumentforthesakeofattractingagreater
audiencewithbrevityandentertainmentvalue.Ontheotherhand,theauthorsofthescholarly
articlesmotiveistousemovesrelatedtostrengtheningtheirpurpose,notworryingaboutlength
andlosingtheattentionoftheaudience.Overall,scholarlytextsaredesignedtoreachadirectly
investedaudience,ratherthanultimatelydrivetheaudiencetootherinformationthrough
entertainment.

WorksCited
Alderson,Alf."TheNewWave:AreArtificialWavestheFutureofSurfing."
Engineering&
Technology
1Aug.2015:8285.Print.

Dimmick,Simon,MarkGillett,PatrickSheehan,CameronSutton,andSuzanneAnderson.
"AcuteInjuriesandChronicPathologyoftheHeadandFaceSustainedWhileSurfBoard
Riding."Web.3Nov.2015.

Gallagher,Fergal."HowDoesBuzzFeedMakeMoney?"
TechTimesRSS
.6Mar.2015.Web.3
Nov.2015.

Roy,Shayan."India'sFirstFemaleSurferIsNowInspiringYoungGirlsToHitTheWaves."
BuzzFeed
.1Sept.2015.Web.3Nov.2015.