HYDRAULICS

(EAB 3304)
LAB 1 FRICTION LOSSES IN PIPE FLOW
GROUP MEMBERS:
173344

MUHAMMAD FAZRUL FAIZ BIN ISMAIL

MOHAMAD OMAR SYAFIQ BIN RAZALI

174866
LIM YIHANG
168926
YAP CHAN SING
169716
MUHAMMAD FAIZIE BIN AHMAD ZABIDI
172988
NUR HANNANI BINTI ZULKIFFLEE
174867
AZIZAH BINTI JALALUDDIN
174856
LIM VOON HUEY
180178
NURADILA ATHIRAH BINTI LOCKMAN
174871

NOR AMIRA FARHANA BINTI ZAIDI

174870
LECTURER: DR AHMAD FIKRI
DEMONSTRATOR: MS NISA
DATE OF LAB: 18TH SEPTEMBER 2014
DEPARTMENT: BIOLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Calculations:

At temperature 25C; kinematic viscosity of water, v = 0.894 x 10-6 m2/s and density of
water, = 997 kg/m3.
1
1
m3
1000
3600 s

1 l/h =
= 2.778 x 10-7 m3/s

A. For Plexiglass Pipe diameter 16mm:

Volumetric Flow Rate, V [m3/s] = 200 x (2.778 x 10-7) m3/s
= 5.56 x 10-5 m3/s
4Q
d2

Velocity, v =
4 (5.56 10 5 )
(0.016 2 )
=
= 0.2765 m/s

Reynolds Number, Re =

vD

(0.2765) (0.016)
0.894 10 6

= 4948.55

0.3164
4

Re

Pipe coefficient, =
0.3164
4

4948.55

=
= 0.037

L 2
v
2d
Pressure Loss, pv =
(0.037) (1)
997 (0.2765 ) 2
2 (0.016)

=
= 88.133 Pa
= 0.8813 mbar
Volumetric Flow Rate, V [m3/s] = 400 x (2.778 x 10-7) m3/s
= 1.11 x 10-4 m3/s
4Q
d2

Velocity, v =
4 (1.11 10 4 )
(0.016 2 )
=
= 0.5520 m/s

Reynolds Number, Re =

vD

(0.5520) (0.016)
0.894 10 6

= 9879.19
0.3164
4

Pipe coefficient, =

Re

0.3164
4

9879.19

=
= 0.032

L 2
v
2d
Pressure Loss, pv =
(0.032) (1)
997 (0.5520 ) 2
2 (0.016)

=
= 303.79Pa
= 3.038 mbar

Volumetric Flow Rate, V [m3/s] = 600 x (2.778 x 10-7) m3/s

= 1.67 x 10-4 m3/s
4Q
d2

Velocity, v =
4 (1.67 10 4 )
(0.016 2 )
=
= 0.8306 m/s

Reynolds Number, Re =

vD

(0.5520) (0.016)
0.894 10 6

= 14865.32
0.3164
4

Re

Pipe coefficient, =
0.3164
4

14865.32

= 0.028

L 2
v
2d
Pressure Loss, pv =
(0.028) (1)
997 (0.8306 ) 2
2 (0.016)

=
= 601.84 Pa
= 6.018 mbar

Volumetric Flow Rate, V [m3/s] = 800 x (2.778 x 10-7) m3/s

= 2.22 x 10-4 m3/s
4Q
d2

Velocity, v =
4 (2.22 10 4 )
(0.016 2 )
=
= 1.104 m/s

Reynolds Number, Re =

vD

(1.104) (0.016)
0.894 10 6

= 19758.39
0.3164
4

Re

Pipe coefficient, =
0.3164
4

19758.39

=
= 0.027

L 2
v
2d
Pressure Loss, pv =
(0.027) (1)
997 (1.104 ) 2
2 (0.016)

=
= 1025.29 Pa
= 10.252 mbar

B. For Steel Pipe diameter 12.7mm:

Volumetric Flow Rate, V [m3/s] = 200 x (B2.778 x 10-7) m3/s
= 5.56 x 10-5 m3/s
4Q
d2

Velocity, v =
4 (5.56 10 5 )
(0.0127 2 )
=
= 0.4389 m/s

Reynolds Number, Re =

vD

(0.4389) (0.0127)
0.894 10 6

= 6234.93
0.3164
4

Re

Pipe coefficient, =
0.3164
4

6234.93

=
= 0.036

L 2
v
2d
Pressure Loss, pv =
(0.036) (1)
997 (0.4389 ) 2
2 (0.0127)

=
= 272.20
= 2.722 mbar

C. For Copper Pipe diameter 13mm:

Volumetric Flow Rate, V [m3/s] = 200 x (2.778 x 10-7) m3/s
= 5.56 x 10-5 m3/s
4Q
d2

Velocity, v =
4 (5.56 10 5 )
(0.013 2 )
=
= 0.4189 m/s

Reynolds Number, Re =

vD

(0.4189) (0.013)
0.894 10 6

= 6091.387
0.3164
4

Re

Pipe coefficient, =
0.3164
4

6091.387

= 0.036

L 2
v
2d
Pressure Loss, pv =
(0.036) (1)
997 ( 0.4189 ) 2
2 (0.013)

=
= 242.23
= 2.422 mbar

D. For Copper Pipe diameter 16mm:

Volumetric Flow Rate, V [m3/s] = 200 x (2.778 x 10-7) m3/s
= 5.56 x 10-5 m3/s
4Q
d2

Velocity, v =
4 (5.56 10 5 )
(0.016 2 )
=
= 0.2765 m/s

Reynolds Number, Re =

vD

(0.2765) (0.016)
0.894 10 6

= 4948.55
0.3164
4

Re

Pipe coefficient, =
0.3164
4

4948.55

= 0.038

L 2
v
2d
Pressure Loss, pv =
(0.038) (1)
997 ( 0.2765 ) 2
2 (0.016)

=
= 90.514 Pa
= 0.905 mbar

Pipe Run : Plexiglass ( 16 mm)

Volumetric Flow
Rate, V [l/h]

200

400

600

Volumetric Flow
Rate, V [m3/s]

5.56 x 10-5

1.11 x 10-4

1.67 x 10-4

2.22 x 10-4

2.778 x 10-4

Velocity, v [m/s]

0.2765

0.5520

0.8306

1.104

1.381

Reynolds Number
Re

4948.55

9879.19

14865.32

19758

24715

Pipe friction
coefficient,

0.037

0.032

0.028

0.027

0.025

Pressure Loss, pv
[N/m2]

88.13

303.79

1025.29

1485.50

Pressure Loss, pv
[mbar]

0.8813

3.038

6.018

10.253

14.855

601.84

800

1000

Pipe Run : Steel ( 12.7 mm)

Volumetric Flow
Rate, V [l/h]

200

400

600

800

860

Volumetric Flow
Rate, V [m3/s]

5.56 x 10-5

1.11 x 10-4

1.67 x 10-4

2.22 x 10-4

2.39 x 10-4

Velocity, v [m/s]

0.4389

0.8762

1.318

1.752

1.887

Reynolds Number
Re

6234.93

12447.14

18723.27

24889

26806

Pipe friction
coefficient,

0.036

0.040

0.038

0.025

0.024

Pressure Loss, pv
[N/m2]

272.20

1205.39

2591.05

3012.10

3354.41

Pressure Loss, pv
[mbar]

2.722

12.054

25.910

30.121

33.544

Pipe Run : Copper ( 16 mm)

Volumetric Flow
Rate, V [l/h]

200

400

600

800

980

Volumetric Flow
Rate, V [m3/s]

5.56 x 10-5

1.11 x 10-4

1.67 x 10-4

2.22 x 10-4

2.72 x 10-4

Velocity, v [m/s]

0.2765

0.5520

0.8306

1.104

1.350

Reynolds Number
Re

4948.55

9879.19

14865.32

19758.39

24161.07

Pipe friction
coefficient,

0.038

0.032

0.029

0.027

0.025

Pressure Loss, pv
[N/m2]

90.515

303.790

623.343

1025.29

1419.56

Pressure Loss, pv
[mbar]

0.905

3.038

6.233

10.253

14.196

Pipe Run : Copper ( 13 mm)

Volumetric Flow
Rate, V [l/h]

200

400

600

800

920

Volumetric Flow
Rate, V [m3/s]

5.56 x 10-5

1.11 x 10-4

1.67 x 10-4

2.22 x 10-4

2.56 x 10-4

Velocity, v [m/s]

0.4189

0.8363

1.258

1.670

1.930

Reynolds Number

6091.39

12160.96

18293.06

24284.12

28064.88

0.036

0.030

0.027

0.025

0.024

Pressure Loss, pv
[N/m2]

242.24

804.57

1638.50

2673.59

3428.05

Pressure Loss, pv
[mbar]

2.422

8.046

16.385

26.736

34.281

980
1000 36

2.722
12.054
25.910
30.121
33.544

-289.63
-206.95
-208.76
-354.83
-347.17

3
12
25
43

60
25.910

-38.94

0.905
3.038
6.233
10.253

14.196

-231.49
-294.99
-301.09
-319.39

-322.65

Percentage Error

Experimental

Percentage Error

Experimental

Percentage Error

Experimental
11
37
80
137
150

Copper ( 13mm)
(Calculation)Theoretical

-467.34
-262.08
-199.10
-153.58

(Calculation)Theoretical

0.8813
3.038
6.018
10.253

Materials
Copper ( 16mm)

Steel ( 12.7mm)
(Calculation)Theoretical

5
11
18
26

Percentage Error

Plexiglass ( 16mm)
(Calculation)Theoretical

200
400
600
800
860
920

Pipe friction
coefficient,

Experimental

V [l/h]Volumetric Flow Rate,

Re

8
26
56
92

2.422
8.046
16.385
26.736

-230.31
-223.14
-214.78
-244.11

11
9

34.281

-247.13