Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is fast emerging as a leading cause of death among people. Both men and
women are suffering from diabetes and if untreated at the right stage, it can further
cause heart diseases, thyroid, eye problems and much more.

What is Diabetes Mellitus or Type 2 Diabetes?

Diabetes Mellitus, or known as type II diabetes is caused due to the inability of the body
to use up the energy which is present in the food people eat. In case of type II diabetes,
the body doesnt produce enough and this insulin is responsible for helping the glucose
reach all parts of the body and give the body its energy. Patients who suffer from type II,
are either not able to make up enough insulin or the body loses the ability to use up the
insulin being produced.
This causes the cells not being able to take and use the glucose, hence, the glucose
accumulates in the body and this can lead to the damage of the different parts of the
body such as the heart, kidneys, eyes, by affecting the blood vessels of these parts.

What you need to know about type 1?

Diabetes type 1 is a rare of diabetes and only about 5% of patients suffer from this
problem. This form of diabetes is more common in white people. It is also called as
insulin dependent or juvenile diabetes. In this condition, pancreas produce very less

quantity of insulin or absolutely no insulin.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes
Genetic factors or exposure to certain type of virus causes type 1 diabetes.
Increase in thirst
Feeling hungry
Blur in vision
Mood change disorder

What are the normal blood sugar levels?

Blood sugar level up to 90 - 95 is considered as normal.
Blood sugar level from 100 - 120 is considered as pre - diabetic.
Anything above 130 level, is considered as diabetes.

How is diabetes detected?

Diabetes type 1 or type 2 can be detected easily by blood sugar test. Fasting blood sugar
and post blood sugar can be useful for detecting whether a patient is diabetic or not.
Glycometer is used by diabetic patients for regular monitoring of blood sugar levels.

What are the symptoms of diabetes Mellitus?

Many people dont experience much symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus, however, some do
experience symptoms which are explained further.
Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the following symptoms:
Feeling hungry at frequent intervals
Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss

What causes diabetes?

Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disorder.
1. Lifestyle change: With the changes in lifestyle nowadays, people are getting into

the habit of a sedentary lifestyle with regular work on desktops due to which
physical activity has reduced. All this reduces the amount of calories that a person
loses throughout the day.
2. Increase of junk food: The intake of junk food has increased drastically among
people of all ages, including youngsters, teens, mid aged people and elder people.
3. Smoking and alcohol: Increase in the intake of drinks and smoking is a leading
cause of diabetes.

How to control diabetes?

There are various methods which can be incorporated to maintain proper levels of sugar
in the body.
Well balanced diet: A proper and well balanced diet ensures that you intake the
required micro and macro nutrients of the body.
Reduce of junk food: Junk food, such as burgers, pizza, noodles etc. should be
reduced which are more calorie rich foods
Reducing sugary food items: Sugary food items such as chocolates, pastries,
cakes etc. should be reduced, hence reducing the amount of calories consumption.
Physical activity duration: People who do not undergo any physical activity
should start off with it, and people who are doing physical activity should increase
their duration.

What is the right kind of diet for diabetic patients?

A well balanced and nutritious diet should be followed for the patients suffering from
diabetic disease.
Morning:
Early morning: Start the day with a glass of luke warm water with honey or lemon.
Mid morning: Have a cup of tea with 1/2 or 1 tbsp sugar with 1 slice of bread or 1 rusk. A
bowl of fruits can also be combined with this during the mid morning time.
Lunch:

2 chapatis with 1 bowl of pulses and 1 bowl of vegetables. 1 plate of salad should be
added during the lunch time.
Evening: 1 glass of milk or 1 cup of tea (preferably, green tea) along with 2 rusks.
Dinner:
2 chapatis or 1 chapati and 1 small bowl of brown rice (2 times a week) along with 1
bowl of pulses and 1 cup of vegetables.
Late night: 1 cup of milk with 1/2 or 1 tbsp sugar.

What is the treatment of diabetes?

Antibiotic medication is given to the patient, commonly, riomet. Patients who have sugar
levels higher than 250 are given insulin pumps for treatment. The insulin injections are
given with the help of insulin pumps. The diabetic patients should visit the doctor at
frequent intervals. This will help the doctor to regulate the dosage of the patient after
checking the blood sugar levels after monitoring again.

Many people all over the world are affected with diabetes, hence regular monitoring of
the blood sugar level is best to detect the disease at an early stage. Since people of all
ages are affected, hence proper diet plan should be followed properly to prevent the
disease.