Application Notes

P54x/EN AP/Ja4

MiCOM P543, P544, P545 & P546

6.7

(AP) 6-85

Worked example for CT requirements

The Power system and the line parameters (Line length: 100 km) as given in section 3.2 is
used here to calculate CT requirements.

6.7.1

6.7.2

Important notes to be considered

x

Current differential Both If and X/R are to be calculated for a through fault

Distance Zone1 reach point case Both If and X/R are to be calculated for a fault at
Zone1 reach point

For calculating the CT requirements, the bus bar short time symmetrical fault rating shall
be considered as the bus fault level.

When there are only indicative X/Rs available, then the circuit breakers dc breaking
capacity shall be used to arrive at the primary time constant (and hence the primary
system X/R). The derivation shall be obtained from the circuit breaker manufacturer;
practical primary time constants arrived in such a way vary between 50 ms (applicable
for 66 kV and 132 kV breakers) and 120 ms (applicable for 220 kV and 400 kV
breakers). 150 ms is a practical figure for generator circuit breakers.

System data
In the following example, the following parameters have been considered for the CT
calculations:
System voltage - 230 kV

AP

System frequency - 50 Hz
System grounding - solid
Single circuit operation between Green Valley and Blue River
CT ratio - 1200/1
Line length - 100 kms
Line positive sequence impedance Z1

= 0.089 + j 0.476 ohm / km

Bus fault level - 40 kA

Primary time constant
6.7.3

= 120 ms

Calculation of Primary X/R

Primary X/R till the Green Valley bus

= 2 * pi * f * primary time constant in s

= 2 * pi * 50 * 0.12

Primary X/R till the bus

6.7.4

= 37.7

Calculation of Source Impedance Zs

Source Impedance Zs

= 230 kV / (1.732 * 40 kA)

= 3.32 ohms

Source angle

= tan-1 (X/R)
= tan-1 (37.7)
= 88.48 deg

Hence, Zs = 0.088 + j 3.317 ohms

P54x/EN AP/Ja4

Application Notes

(AP) 6-86
6.7.5

6.7.6

MiCOM P543, P544, P545 & P546

Calculation of full line impedance (full 100 kms)
Z1

= 0.089 + j 0.476 ohm / km

ZL

= 8.9 + j 47.6 ohms

ZL

= 48.42 ohms with an angle 79.4 deg

Calculation of total impedance till remote bus bar

ZT = Zs + ZL

= 8.988 + j 50.917 ohms

= 51.7 ohms with an angle of 80 deg

6.7.7

Calculation of through fault X/R

X/R thro

= 50.917 / 8.988
= 5.66

6.7.8

Calculation of through fault If

If thro

= 230kV / (1.732 * 51.7 )

= 2568.5 A primary
= 2.14 A (secondary)

AP

6.7.9

Calculation of line impedance till Zone1 reach point (80kms)

Zzone1

= 0.8 * ZL = 7.12 + j 38.08 ohms

= 38.73 ohms with an angle of 79.4 deg

6.7.10

Calculation of total impedance till Zone1 reach point

ZTzone1

= Zs + Zzone1
= 7.208 + j 41.397 ohms
= 42.019 ohms with an angle of 80 deg

6.7.11

Calculation of X/R till Zone1 reach point

X/R zone1

= 41.397 / 7.208
= 5.74

6.7.12

Calculation of fault current till Zone1 reach point

If zone1

= 230 kV / (1.732 * 42.019)

= 3160.34 A (primary) = 2.63 A (secondary)