Learning Objectives

After studying Chapter 5, the student should be able to

1.
2.

Describe the purpose of a Frame of Reference Transformation (FORT), identify the most
familiar FORT, and describe the challenges it creates for 2D map readers.
Explain why well-designed maps preserve a fixed (usually north-up) orientation.

3.

Offer one design-based and one training-based solution to the problem of multiple maps.

4.

Address the role of clutter in map search. Identify two specific types of clutter, and provide a
potential solution for each.

5.

Identify three important characteristics of peoples mental models of 3D environments that are
important to consider when designing features for a 3D environmental design.

6.

Identify the five principles most important to remember when designing a visualization tool.

7.

Explain the purpose of visual momentum when navigating through multiple displays of the
same system. Describe four basic guidelines for creating visual momentum.

8.

Describe the process of tracking, and explain how disturbances and system dynamics can
create errors and force decisions.

9.

Explore the relationship between Fitts Law and tracking to a fixed target.

10. Name the five factors that cause difficulty in multi-axis tracking, and provide an example of
each.
11. Identify and describe five specific application areas for Virtual Reality (VR).