Final Review

Prepare for final exam

Content in lectures.
In class examples.
Homework problems.

Chapter 4
4.9 Bode Plots
an ( s z1 )( s z2 )...( s zn )
H ( s)
bm ( s p1 )( s p2 )...( s pm )

Frequency response

H ( j )

k 23

1 j

20 log | H ( j ) | 20 log

1 j
3

1 j
1

k23

20 log 1 j
20 log 1 j
20 log j 20 log 1 j
1
2
3
1

1 j 1 j 0 j 1 j
2
3
1

Contribution of p

Example 0. Draw the bode plots for the

20s( s 100)
transfer function
H ( s)

( s 2)( s 10)

H ( s)

20 100

2 10

s
s

s 1
s
1

100
100

100
s
s
s
s

1 1
1 1
10
2
10
2

This transfer function has two poles:

-2 and -10
It also has two zeros:
0 and -100

Consider the contribution of every pole

4

and zero separately.

Combine all contributions.

Magnitude Bode Plot

20 log[ H ( s)]dB

46
46

20dB / dec

20dB / dec
0.1
26
26

4.10 Filter design Will NOT be

tested

Chapter 5
5.1 The z-transform
Unilateral

X [ z ] x[n ]z n
n 0

Use Table 5.1 to get inverse z - transform

5.3 Zero-state response the transfer

( z N a1 z N 1 a Nfunction
)Y [ z ] (b0 z N b1 z N 1 bN ) X [ z ]
Q[ z ]Y [ z ] P[ z ] X [ z ]
Y [ z ] P[ z ] b0 z N b1 z N 1 bN
H ( z)

N
X [ z ] Q[ z ] z a1 z N 1 a N
7

5.5 Frequency response

i

z e H [e ] H [e ] e

jH [ ei ]

Amplitude response : H [ei ]

Phase response : H [ei ]

5.4 System realization

b0 z N b1 z N 1 bN
H ( z) N
z a1 z N 1 a N

Canonic (Direct form II)

realization

5.6 Frequency response from pole-zero

location
( z z1 ) ( z z N )
H [ z ] b0
( z 1 )( z N )

1. Design zeros and poles according to

the notch/bandpass filter design
criteria. Substitute the designed zeros
and poles into the above equation to
get the transfer function.
2. Calculate the constant coefficient b 0
according to the required maximum
gain.
3. Sketch the amplitude of system
9

response.

ExampleGiven
1 y[n]+y[n-1]+0.16y[n-2]=x[n-1]+0.32x[n-2]

With initial conditions y[-2]=1, y[-1]=0

a) Find the system transfer function H(z)
b) Find the amplitude and phase response
c) Find the canonic direct (Direct Form II) realization o
d) Find the closed form impulse response h(n)
e) Find y[2] and y[3] when the system causal input si

Change the delay form to advance form

y[n]+y[n-1]+0.16y[n-2]=x[n-1]+0.32x[n-2]
y[n+2]+y[n+1]+0.16y[n]=x[n+1]+0.32x[n]
E2y[n]+Ey[n]+0.16y[n]=Ex[n]+0.32x[n]
(E2+E+0.16)y[n]=(E+0.32)x[n]

Example 2 (HW 5.6-7) notch filter to reject 5kHz,

the highest frequency to be processed is 20kHz
a) Find the proper sampling interval T
b) Find the zeros of the system transfer function H(z)
c) Find the poles of the system transfer function H(z)
d) Find the system transfer function H(z)
e) Sketch approximately the amplitude of system response with
key frequency and amplitude labeled.
T

1
1

25s
2 f h 40kHz

At 5kHz, T 2 5000 25 106

Zeros : e j

Poles : ae j