Elbow Design Information and End Options “The design basis for forge-molded elbows and fabricated segment elbowss wellknown. A 90-degree elbows ‘one-fourth of a torus (doughnut). The wedge removed from the straight pipe to make a miter-curve causes a force imbalance within the elbow, The ell ies o straighlon out, sor of Ikea kinkin a pressurized fre-hose. The ell must be de-raled or extra mass added to maintain the same pressure rating asthe pipe fel, The heat fusion welds area focus point for the bending sitess trying to straighten the ell. Continuous bend pipe without iitered fusion joins offer a higher pressure ating because there is no stress intensification factor (SIF) (.©.,n0 joints). Forge molded ols offer the same tight racius, no fusion joint flow turbulence, ro miter joint stress ‘rieneifeation, and ful preceur rating, Fabricated riers have about tha sare radius of curvature, 4 ur tence ampliying fusion ints close togethor, and must be ro-rated for WPR.. The END OPTIONS forcibows include buttend, langed, and DIMJA tat rend. miu nao see ten tea pene ee ease eon (no) Trae Sparen algo nr aca nity "(qaraieeaaa) 0) = (atte) (Srl tr ers {i frseaaner ete font pas Sling mtr oendun anges nt ge han $2 dg cal classy a. thera onal ro prove x Sse mith age a geste an 225 Pesca nOMENCLATUREFORNTERSES Sop alte cates) Ea Teomnegmemamee sincere td ee nin rn imtiaeaienmrnae | para) Tenaeenrenteaer Te ntti vl tea Teed orem (ett gaveeh ae eountanend saree ot ppesm iain tGeerceeciaiadh| Sohal eGnsmmencr raed Seatac Send Romany Rentnasimeses Ite t eames - Stipe i6ctatrocndsaare’ — Theeryothapn ay endef terobe ee Checletgeseaipaipiecorein ont Ey nates mtaed cq. andalesdwalen en cna Sereneioeace Fataitconye”” (yoo Bela pce san ns Seercnin een Sl aptanirana Tenet TTAMCSTEEI a cen oa Sere ce restr pea ‘tie i inc nt ste Se isons cal erase rm BENIORMETE ESRC unenietestppeargrenal val T Soe CTR SR Cette wo Tiga innnsedsisnin "Pata ec rt eee Coie econ oe oes dfn duneratppe te pemre cnn ogee eine Canlaon Poste aurora Work Gieiolen tac atecn cae one there ath exo ouside bord ad] For compliance win the Cod the vue of, ‘hal be ote han ht oven ye, Eee eae 5 ie encima ae eon PA anes: 1.800.263.0502 Page 15-52 ORE