Practice for test: participles and infinitives - pages 137, 139

6. Fill in the missing verb forms:

This prototype wave-power plant on the Scottish island of Islay was constructed by building
a concrete water column across a natural gully on the shoreline. Waves flowing in and out of
the gully cause water in the column to move up and down. As the water moves up it
compresses the air above and forces it through a wide tube at the batch of the water column.
As the water moves down, air is drawn into the water column. The moving air passes through
a turbine coupled to a generator. Both the turbine and generator are unusual. The turbine is a
Wells turbine (named after its inventor) which keeps turning in one direction even though
the air flow is constantly changing direction. It has two rotors, each with four blades. The
generator is a wound rotor induction motor, which acts as a generator when it is turning at
speeds greater than 1,500 rpm. Below that speed it operates as a motor and takes power from
the grid. This motor/generator is used because the turbine takes some time to build up to a
speed where it can generate electricity. When the turbine slows down due to a lull in wave
activity, the generator becomes an electric motor and keeps the turbine running at a minimum
speed so that it is ready to accept the power from the next batch of waves. There is also
testing equipment to monitor/monitoring how much electricity the plant is producing and
the efficiency of the water column, turbine and generator.
13. Fill in ...
a) In the four-stroke cycle, the piston descends on the intake stroke, during which the inlet
valve is open. The piston ascends on the compression stroke with both valves closed and
ignition takes place at the top of the stroke. The power or expansion stroke follows. The gas
generated by the burning fuel expands rapidly, driving the piston down, both valves
remaining closed. The cycle is completed by the exhaust stroke, as the piston ascends once
more, forcing the products of combustion out through the exhaust valves. The cycle then
repeats itself.
b) 1. Nickel chromium steels are among the most important alloy steels used in engineering.
2. Rigid PVC is a thermoplastic material used for pipes and ducts.
3. Today's composites are matrices of fibre embedded in plastic.
4. A composite is any material formed of two or more dissimilar components. There is a
whole range of materials combining the best properties of metals, ceramics or plastics
in fibre or amorphous form.