3.

1: Multiples and Factors

In this section we were taught that an integer (m) is a factor of x if there is another integer (n) so
that mn = x. We can also say that x is a multiple of m because x is divisible by m.
Ex. 1
4 is a factor of 36 because 36 is divisible by 4 which would give us the integer 9
36/4 = 9
36 is a multiple of 4 because the integer 9 when multiplied with 4 gives us 36
(9)(4) = 36

3.2: Divisibility Rules

A number is divisible by 2 if the last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8
Ex. 2
56 is divisible by 2 because the last digit is 6
56/2 = 28
A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits is a multiple of 3
Ex. 3
138 is divisible by 3 because when added together the sum of the digits equal 12 which is
a multiple of 3
1 + 3 + 8 = 12

12/3 = 4

138/3 = 46

A number is divisible by 4 if the last two digits is a multiple of 4

Ex. 4
We can take the number 95, 328 and notice that the last two digits make up the number
28 which is a multiple of 4
95, 328/4 = 23, 832

A number is divisible by 5 if the last digit is 0 or 5

Ex. 5
We know 5 and 10 is divisible by 5 therefore any number ending with 0 or 5 must be a
multiple of 5
17, 385/5 = 3, 477

3.3: Primes and Factors

In this section we learned that a natural number is a prime number if it has two distinct factors,
the integer 1 and itself. Some may argue that the number 1 is prime; however, it does not have
exactly two distinct factors.
Ex. 6
2 and 5 are prime numbers because they both have exactly two distinct factors
2: 1 & 2

5: 1 & 5

A natural number is a composite number if it has more than two different factors.
Ex. 7
6 and 15 are composite numbers because they both have more than two different
factors
6: 1, 2, 3 & 6

15: 1, 3, 5 & 15

Prime factorization is when we list the factors of a natural number down to only prime numbers
Ex. 8
We know the factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12, but written in prime factorization
12 = 2 x 2 x 3

3.4: Greatest Common Factor

The greatest common factor of two natural numbers is the largest number of that is a factor of
both numbers.
Ex. 9