CONTENT

CHAPTE
R

TITLE

I
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10

II
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11

III
3.1
3.1.
1
3.1.

PAGE
NO

INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR
ENERGY

01 31

Solar radiation and geometry

Physics of light
Solar radiation at the earths surface
Direct and diffusion radiation
Apparent motion of sun
Unit of measurement
Variation due to latitude, time of day
and seasons
Prediction and measurement of solar
radiation
Site survey and shadows
Site analysis and software tools

02
06
08
10
13
24
25

FUNDAMENTALS OF
PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY

32 70

Definition of photovoltaics
PV cells and types of cells
PV manufacturing
PV modules
Measuring open circuit and short circuit
voltage
Current and measuring devices
The I V curve, or Electrical Output
Profile
Module evaluation
Module specifications
PV performance rating conditions
Factors affecting PV performance

33 33
33 34
35 39
40 45
46 48

SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND

CONFFIGURATIONS

06
08
10
13
24
25
26

26 27
27 30
30 31

48 55
56 60
61 64
65 67
68 68
68 70
71 120

CHARGERS
Multi Stage Charging

72 97
72 75

PWM Chargers

75 77

CONTENT
2
3.1.
3
3.1.
4
3.1.
5
3.1.
6
3.2
3.2.
1
3.2.
2
3.2.
3

Maximum power point Tracking (MPPT)

78 85

Temperature sensing

86 88

Design calculations

89 95

Auxiliary battery charging

96 97

INVERTERS
Square Wave, Modified Square And True
Sine
Wave inverters & Grid tie considerations
Solid state Vs Rotary Inverters
Typical input and Output voltages

3.3

BATTERIES

3.3.
1

Deep cycle(Traction) Vs. SLI batteries

3.3.
2

Gel, AGM, VLA and wet cell batteries

3.3.
3

Battery Based systems and design

calculations for PV systems
Different light sources

3.3.
4

IV

INSTALLATION AND MOUNTING

SYSTEMS

INDIA RECENT WORKS IN SOLAR

ENERGY

97 107
97 101
102 104
105
107
107
120
107
112
113
115
115
119
120
120
121
135
136 152