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حاسبات ومعالجات دقيقة PDF
حاسبات ومعالجات دقيقة PDF
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?Microprocessor?W{
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IntelIntel A
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EIntel AFJ
EFlowchartFJ
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EAssembly languageF
EOperation codeF
KEHigh level LanguageF
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EClockFELogic GatesFEMultiplexorsF
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ABFH H
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E D ---- D F
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWLJ J
KKKKKKKKKKKWJ J
KKKKKKWJ J
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EBinary DecoderFJ
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EHandshakingF
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KEMemory Acces ControllersF
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KFH-FFFFH CFFFH-CH J
DFFFH-DH J
K EFFFH-EH
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KI KII -
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E FEFJ
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FFH HWJ
FFH HWJ
BFFH H WJ
FFFH CH WJ
WJ
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- -
- -
WEVolatile MemoryFJ
K
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WENonvolatile MemoryFJ
KEROMF
- -
EF
WEJ F
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EFlip-FlopF
KKEF
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KQQXX
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- -
WEJ F
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KK
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EROM : Read Only MemoryFJ
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- -
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v
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EEEPROM : Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryF
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EDRAMFESRAMFJ
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EEEPROM : Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryF
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KIntel
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EF
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Intel A WEJ F
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EJMP : JUMPF
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KJMP A
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--
J
KJ J
EZFByteJ
EWFByteJ
KJ J
W
J
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J J
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K
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KW
KIntel AW
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LJ J
W
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(Port)
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--
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EPortF
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EOutputF
K W
OUT
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--
KJ
KJ J
K
EFW
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J J J
W
(r )
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MOV r,M
(H,L)
--
MOV B,MW
EHLF
KJ J J
W
(H,L)
(r)
MOV M,r
EFErF
KEHLF
--
MOV M,C W
C
EHLF
KJ J
K
KJ J J
W
(H,L)
(data)
MVI M,data
EH,LFEdataF
--
MVI M, W
HL
(HL)
KJ J J
W
(r)
(data)
MVI r,data
rEFdata
MVI D,W
KD
--
W
(rp)
data
LXI rp,data
KrpprEF
LXI BC,W
KBC
KBC
KJ
EF
WMOVW
(r)
(r)
MOV r,r
ErFErF
F
A
(A)
MOV B,A
F
A
MOV B,A
--
WFK
A
C
CY
KEF
J
KAWJ
EA-BFB W
KEF??EJ FK
WJ
WJ
--
EA+BFBEW
H B
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KEDFEDF
EFWJ
K
AWJ
EFFF
(A) + (B)BFFW
KEF
HB
Z
--
(Flowchart)
KK
W
EProgram FlowFW
K
EProcessFW
EPredefined ProcessF W
EDecisionFW
ETerminalFW
--
W
WW
--
EBranch InstructionsF
EF
K
EJUMP InstructionsFJ
ECALL InstructionsFJ
--
EJMP : JUMPFJ
J J
JMP addrW
KaddrEFJMP
W
JMP F
KF
--
J J
W
J<>addr
J
KEaddrF
Jump if Zero : JZ W
EFW
K
JZ
K
KW
EF
EF
--
J
W
CALL addr
addr
KEsubroutineF
ERETURNFK
K
W
RETURN
WEJ F
KJ
--
HLTJ
ROMJ
KEmicro-instructionsFJ
H J
W Z
ByteByteWJ
W
--
WJ
(A)
(Port)
; (A)
(Port)
MOV r,M J
MOV r,rJ
J J W
J J
L
KJ
WJ
MVI M, ; LXI DE,FH ; MOV A,C ; MOV M,E ; MVI D,FC ; MOV C,M
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKMOV A,B J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKMOV B,MJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
MVI C,A J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKDJ
KJ
A
C
--
CY
EA-BFJ
KEF
KJ
WJ
BH
KH
EJMPFJ
JMP FEFE J
WJ
K JM AFFH ; JMP H
--
IntroductionJ
'Intel '
K
K
'Assembly Language'E
F
'high level languages'
'Low level
'machine language'language'
K
language)
K
E F (Instruction)
W
(Binary code)
- -
EF
K(Hexadecimal loader)
(Assembly language)J
K
SUBAddition ADD
Subtraction
Mnemonics
K
Mnemonics
K
K
- -
(Assembler)J
Mnemonics
K
EF
K
'Source Program'
EF'Object Program'
Source Program
(assembler program)
Object program
KEF
EF
WK
- -
(Flow-Chart) J
J
K
'Comments' J
;
K;
'Labels'
J
K
ECommentF
(;)
K
(LABEL)
labels
W
K
- -
W
KEFAB(Register)
W
WMOV
MOV A,B
W
MA
WMOV
MOV M,A
HLM
H,L A
KMOV M,A
- -
W
KBH
W
MVI B,H
W
KH
W
MVI M, H
- -
W
{{{{{ W H,E,D,C,B,A
WK
MVI E RAM
W
(Mnemonics)(Op code)(Address)
E
MVI B,
MVI C,
E
MVI E,
E
- -
MVI D,
E
E
MVI A,
E
W
{{W C,B,A
KEF
{{ C,B,A
A CCBBA
D
EJ F
(Mnemonics)(Op code)(Address)
E
E
MVI A,
MVI B,
E
MVI C,
E
E
MOV D, A
MOV
MOV
A
B
C
E
A, C
E
C, B
MOV B, D
E
D
A
C
B
A
C
B
D
KEFEF
- -
W
KFA HEFHL
LXI
WE H
Address
E
op code
Mnemonics
LXI H, FA H
KHFLA
W
KFA HE
HL
:M FA H
FA
LXI H ,E
MVI M ,FA H
- -
W
A H,H L,H
KSHLD EE,E
E L SHLD E
E E H
L,H KH E A
SHLD
L L,H SHLD
K(E H)H(E H)
W
K {A B,EFA
'Status Register
KADD A J
KADD B J
KEAF
W ADDA
(A + A
K H B HA)
A =
A=
KZF
KCF
- -
KPF
KHCF
KSF
WADDB
K HB
H (A + )A
A =
B =
A + B =
KZF
KCF
KPF
KHCF
KSF
W
EF FH AFH
KE,E, E
AEF
CAF HB, C
A HBF H
EF HD, E
- -
HDF H
KEF
F
A
F
C
B
E
D
AC
E
E
AB
D
KEFEF
- -
E
KEF
(Mnemonics)(Op code)(Address)
E
E
MVI C, F
F
MVI B, A
A
E
E
MVI E, F
MVI D,
MOV A, C
ADD E
EA
STA E
EB
EC
ED
MOV A, B
EE
ADD D
EF
STA E
E
E
E
E
MVI A,
ADD A
STA E
- -
W
KEF
W
W
(Mnemonics)(Op code)(Address)
E
E
MVI C, F
F
E
E
MVI E, F
MVI D,
MOV A, C
ADD E
EA
STA E
EB
EC
ED
MOV A, B
EE
ADD D
EF
STA E
E
E
E
E
MVI A,
ADD A
MVI B, A
STA E
E
- -
W
KE,E,E,E{{{
W
AINREF
WHLINX
(Mnemonics)(Op code)(Address)
LXI H, E
E
E
MVI A,
E
E
MOV M, A
C
E
E
E
E
INR A
INX H
MOV M, A
EA
EB
INR A
INX H
MOV M, A
EC
INR A
ED
INX H
EE
MOV M, A
- -
W
KE,E,E,E,, , ,
W
INR
HLINXA
W
(Mnemonics)(Op code)(Address)
E
LXI H, E
E
E
E
MVI A,
E
E
MOV M, A
INR A
INR A
E
E
EA
INX H
MOV M, A
INR A
EB
INR A
EC
INX H
ED
EE
MOV M, A
INR A
EF
INR A
INX H
- -
MOV M, A
E
D D
K
KEF
KEFE
E H
E M
( ZF)
( SF)
KEFEF
- -
(Mnemonics)(Op code)(Address)
E
LXI H, E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
MVI A,
ADD M
JNZ EE
E
EA
EB
JMP E
C
EC
ED
EE
JP E
EF
E
E
MVI D,
JMP E
MVI D,
MVI D,
- -
W
KEEF
W
EF
KE
(Mnemonics)(Op code)(Address)
E
LXI H, E
E
E
E
E
E
E
ADD M
JNZ EE
E
MVI D,
EA
EB
JMP E
EC
ED
EE
JP E
EF
E
E
MVI D,
MVI A,
JMP E
- -
MVI D,
E
E
JMP E
EA
W
B
BKEC
KC
CB
W
Label
Comment
Mnemonics
;
E E MVI B, ; B
E E MVI C, ; C
E E MVI A, ;
B E
ADD B
CE
DCR C
E EA JNZ E ;
; B
; C
EB EC ED STA E ; E
;
- -
W
K
JNZ DELAYJNZ E
WDELAY
Label
Mnemonics
Comment
E E
E E
MVI B, ; B
MVI C, ; C
E E
B E DELAY
MVI A, ;
ADD B
CE
E
DCR C
E EA JNZ DELAY ;
; B
; C
EB EC ED STA E ; E
;
- -
W
KB
W
EFAB
B A
B MOV A, C ;
OUT
W
KE
W
IN
STA E
;E
- -
K H
K H
KEF
KEF
B A
K
EF
- -
B,;B
MVI
DELAY: IN;
CPI
;A
JZ DELAY ;DELAY
;
; A
INR B ;B
DELAY: IN ; A
CPI
;A
JZ DELAY ;DELAY
;
MOV A,B ; B
OUT ;A
JMP
DELAY ;DELAY
- -
K J
J
J
WA, B J
E
MVI A,
MVI B, A
ADD B
INR A
INR B
ANA B
ORA A
STA E
EC
MOV A, B
ED
STA E
KEF J
KEF J
F HBA HA J
W
ADD A
ADDB
INR A
SUB B
NOP
NOP
- -
INR B
ORA A
XRA B
K
EEF J
K
W J
E
MVI A, H
MVI B, H
ADD B
NOP
NOP
INR B
INR B
DCR A
EA
JNZ E
ED
STA E
MOV A, B
STA E
KEFE, E J
KEF J
J
E
KEF J
- -
EBusFJ
EAddress BusFJ
EControl BusFJ
EData BusFJ
EBinary DecoderFJ
LJ
WIntel A
WJ
LJ
WJ
(Flowchart)
EBranch InstructionsF
EJMP : JUMPFJ
ECALLFJ