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Design Report 01

Reablement

Graham Wood

December 2015

Design Report 01 : Reablement

Table of Contents
2

Brief Introduction:..................................................................................................4
2.1

2.1.1

The Incident..............................................................................................4

2.1.2

The Issue..................................................................................................4

2.1.3

Client Request..........................................................................................5

2.2
3

What is Reablement ?.....................................................................................5

Survey Information................................................................................................6
3.1

Clients & Stakeholders....................................................................................6

3.2

Observation & Interviews................................................................................6

3.2.1

Clients:......................................................................................................6

3.2.2

NHS Doctors & OTs..................................................................................6

3.2.3

Social Services:........................................................................................6

3.3
4

Background.....................................................................................................4

Photo Documentation......................................................................................6

Methods Used.......................................................................................................7
4.1

Non-Land Based Design Considerations........................................................7

4.2

Agile Methodology...........................................................................................7

4.2.1

User-Centred Design................................................................................8

4.2.2

Reflections Process..................................................................................8

4.3

Evaluation of Method.......................................................................................8

Base Map..............................................................................................................9

Analysis...............................................................................................................12

6.1

Zones.............................................................................................................12

6.2

FSE................................................................................................................13

6.3

PMI................................................................................................................14

6.4

Action Planning.............................................................................................15

Decisions.............................................................................................................16
7.1

Location.........................................................................................................16

7.2

Materials........................................................................................................16

7.3

Costs.............................................................................................................16

7.4

Implement......................................................................................................16

7.5

Maintain.........................................................................................................16

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Design Report 01 : Reablement


8

Evaluation............................................................................................................17
8.1

Permaculture Principles (Holmgren).............................................................17

8.1.1

Obtain a yield..........................................................................................17

8.1.2

Catch and store energy..........................................................................17

8.1.3

Use and value renewable resources......................................................17

8.1.4

Design from patterns to details...............................................................17

8.1.5

Integrate rather than segregate..............................................................17

8.1.6

Use small and slow solutions.................................................................17

8.1.7

Observe and interact..............................................................................17

8.1.8

Use and value diversity..........................................................................18

8.1.9

Produce no waste...................................................................................18

8.1.10
9

Use edge and value the marginal.......................................................18

How Ethics Influenced Decisions........................................................................19


9.1

People Care...................................................................................................19

9.2

Fair Shares....................................................................................................19

9.3

Earth Care.....................................................................................................19

10

SWOC...............................................................................................................20

10.1

Strengths....................................................................................................20

10.2

Weaknesses...............................................................................................20

10.3

Opportunities..............................................................................................20

10.4

Constraints.................................................................................................20

11

Tweak................................................................................................................20

12

Resources.........................................................................................................21

12.1

Training Course..........................................................................................21

12.2

Books.........................................................................................................21

12.3

Websites.....................................................................................................21

13

Design Reflection..............................................................................................22

13.1

Design Process used.................................................................................22

13.2

Assessment Criteria aims..........................................................................22

13.3

Permaculture Research Institute Category................................................22

14

Personal Reflections.........................................................................................22

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1 Brief Introduction:
1.1 Background
Mrs Ford was aged 89 and lived alone in a detached 4 bedroom dormer bungalow.
She had existing mobility issues due to previous hip replacement and general
arthritis (hands and knee joints) along with age related memory problems including
ending up in hospital after suffering a stroke.
1.1.1 The Incident
On Tue 09/09/14 Mrs Ford was seen to be on the floor of her bedroom unable to get
up. The gardener had to break in through 2 dead bolt locked doors to gain access
for the ambulance service to take Mrs Ford to Wythenshawe Hospital.
1.1.2 The Issue
Whilst her situation was being diagnosed by the hospital consultants and OTs, social
services were involved and they strongly suggested that Mrs Ford should go into a
long-term care home that would have to be funded by the family as had been the
case for her husband who only passed about a year before.
Mrs Ford was financially independent at a level well above the threshold for local
authority Adult Social Care paid assistance, so would have to be self-financing of her
own ongoing care package.
The going into a long-term care home option would have necessitated selling her
long term family home to raise the capital to fund the residential care.
Previously being a very independent person Mrs Ford adamantly said she wanted to
be able to return to her own home, and her family agreed that would be best for her.
So social services insisted that Mrs Fords house to be checked and adapted before
she could come home and had to have an appropriate care package put in place.
The initial inspection highlighted that the house would need a large amount of work
doing on toilet, wet room shower adaptation, more appropriate seating in the TV
room, and a safer hospital style bed. The provisional estimates provided for this
work by their recommended suppliers was in excess of 27k.
Further assessment identified there were several other minor alterations and safety
improvements needed to electric switches, carpets, phone wiring, door locks,
lighting, and hand rails etc, and this would bring the estimates to over 30k and
could take several months to implement.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement


Mrs Ford and her family were shocked by these costs to get her back into her own
home, viewing it that social services were possibly putting obstacles in the way so as
to encourage the acceptance of a residential care home solution.
1.1.3 Client Request
This was the point that I was approached to help, because the family knew I had
recently done some consulting work with other local authority Adult Social Care
departments on business improvements including reablement.
The request was to enable Mrs Ford to return and be cared for in her own home in a
way that gave her back some dignity and at a more realistic affordable cost.
To enable me to start this Mrs Ford gave permission for me to

Talk with her medical team and social workers about option to get her home.
Arrange work to be done on the house and new items purchased.

Mrs D Rush and Mrs V Wood, (her 2 daughters) already had power of attorney
access on Mrs Fords financial accounts, and so could sanction any works needed.

1.2 What is Reablement ?


The focus of reablement is on restoring independent functioning rather than just
resolving health care issues. The objective is to help people do things for themselves
rather than the conventional residential care approach of institutionally doing things
for people.
In modern Adult Social care Reablement is key factor to be considered, because it
appears to be welcomed by the people receiving the service, and represents an
investment that can produce both local authority financial savings and better
personal care outcomes for the recipients of the service.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

2 Survey Information
2.1 Clients & Stakeholders
The client groups for this design were:

Client: Mrs D Rush & Mrs V Wood


Service User: Mrs E M Ford
Stakeholders: Local Authority Adult Social Care Social Workers
Stakeholders: NHS hospital doctors, nursing staff
Stakeholders: NHS occupational therapists (OT)

2.2 Observation & Interviews


2.2.1 Clients:
Previously being a very independent person Mrs Ford adamantly said she
want to be able to return home and quite adamantly did not consent to selling
the house she had lived in for over 50 years.
Mrs Ford was financially independent at a level well above the threshold for
local authority Adult Social Care paid assistance, so would have had to be
self-financing of her own ongoing care package.
Mrs Ford gave permission for me effectively advocate for her and to talk with
her medical team and social workers about option to get her home, and
arrange appropriate work to be done on the house and new items purchased.
2.2.2 NHS Doctors & OTs
Previously the medical team had requested a full residential care package be
put in place for Mrs Ford possibly needing 24/7 assistance.
They said depression and a state of physical helplessness was possibly
setting in due to the shock of her situation.
An additional series of minor strokes compounded her health issues.
2.2.3 Social Services:
Due to Mrs Fords home address being in a different local authority region
than the NHS hospital and care facilities she was in was causing a
communication breakdown between the staff across the various
administrative areas.
Social workers agreed to cooperate with me and the local OTs to try and put
in place an appropriate care package focused on reablement.

2.3 Photo Documentation


All the areas in the house were photographed to record any problems found so that
they could be analysed and matched to the other requirements. The taking of photos

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Design Report 01 : Reablement


also enabled additional analysis by the checking of details without having to return to
the house.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

3 Methods Used
3.1 Non-Land Based Design Considerations
For this design I had firstly thought to attempt to use OBREDIMET (Observe /
Boundaries / Resources / Evaluate / Design / Implement / Maintain / Evaluate /
Tweak) as Id done on my PDC, but I found this to be too land based focused. I then
considered the standard SADIMET - (Survey / Analysis / Decisions / Implement /
Maintain / Evaluate) or as a framework, but due to the rapidly evolving requirements
and person focused nature of the problem and the need for rapid implementation of
non-linier solutions I had to seek other appropriate methods to compliment the basic
SAIMET.
So I decided to adopt a form of the iterative Agile design methods for complex design
and rapid implementation that I had used for many years in business. This was to
deliver incremental standalone components of the overall solution, enabling us to get
early benefits and also to try out revised variants on options as Mrs Fords condition
and needs changed.

3.2 Agile Methodology


The key characteristic of an agile project is the creating fast iterations of products
based on the feedback of actual users. It means regularly releasing small pieces of
functionality and constant communication between team members.
Agile methodologies can help build world-class, user-centred services quickly and
affordably.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement


3.2.1 User-Centred Design
Combines design and research analysis to create user focused products and
services. This was done during every stage of the project, not as something that
happens at the beginning and end of phases.
Doing user centred design continuously:
Kept everyone concentrating on real user needs
Helped us design deliverable products prioritised by user needs
Enabled us to iterate changes in requirements in response to user feedback.

3.2.2 Reflections Process


During such an Agile design and implantation it was very important to reflect on the
progress at regular intervals. We scheduled with clients and key stakeholders
retrospective reviews where all members had the chance to discuss the process
openly and suggest changes to requirements and the process. From this I was able
to assign owners and due dates to the various actions to ensure that work is done
and the change occurs.

3.3 Evaluation of Method


This Agile way of working could have been very different for those in local authorities
and health services who are used to long specifications and procurement processes,
but careful explanations and keeping it person need focused helped the various
stakeholders accept the method.
On evaluating its effectiveness I think using Agile enabled us to produce and deliver
quality services to a standard that Mrs Ford and family expected.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

4 Base Map
Dated Sept 2014 to Jan 2015 by GW Scale Not strictly to scale.

At first the main focus was just on the use of the bathroom and toilet, but as further
info on the status of Mrs Fords condition came from the hospital staff it soon became
clear that we had to open up the scope of requirements much wider.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

During October it became obvious that Mrs Ford could be confined to a wheelchair
so this became a new requirement where access was an issue.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

In December the hospital and OTs recommended that a wet-room facility would be
required to meet the wheelchair access requirements.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

5 Analysis
5.1 Zones
Analysis of Zones with type and frequency of use became a key tool in deciding what
change options were possible to give greatest benefits, and for appropriate
sequencing of the implementation works.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

5.2 FSE
FUNCTIONS
Safe sleeping
Emergency contact
Emergency contact
Emergency and social
contact
Entertainment
Entertainment and mental
wellbeing

SYSTEMS
Bedroom
Bedroom
24/7 monitoring
TV room

ELEMENTS
Powered Hospital Bed
Phone
Panic button watch
Phone

TV room
Garden

Television
Bird Table
Bird Seed

Safe seated rest

TV room

Orthopaedic winged chair

Transfer lifting from chair


or bed
Convenience mobility

Physical handling

Swivel lifter

Physical handling

Wheelchair

Tasty nutritious food

Preparation of meals

Freezer & Microwave


Frozen meals

Personal care

Wiltshire Farm Foods


home delivery service
Home visits 4 per day

Carers

Bathing & toileting

Bathing
Personal care

Medication management
Physical handling
Refurbished bathroom

Convenience toileting
Convenience toileting

Physical handling
Physical handling

Bath lift chair


Washstand with chair
access
Raised toilet
Commode Chair

Safer flooring
Convenience eating

TV room and bathroom


TV room and bedroom

New carpets
Over bed riser table

Improved mobility

Home visits

OT services

The Functions, Systems & Elements Analysis demonstrates that many of the
physical elements are key to enabling quality of life functionality, supporting multiple
interrelated systems and functions identified during the design iterations.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

5.3 PMI
PMI table taken from Analysis : Design 01 Reablement - Analysis.docx
AREA
TV room
Zone 1

Bedroom
Zone 1

Toilet room
Zone 2 or 3
Bathroom
Zone 3

Kitchen
Zone 4

Hall
Zone 4

Graham Wood

PLUS

MINUS

Only basic
Small and cramped
physical upgrade
for when 2 cares
changes required
doing physical
carpet and phone.
handling due to
Special over
other furniture.
table to enable
meals at chair.
Simple bed
Large carpet area
equipment change.
deemed too
expensive to
Cordless phone by
replace, but long
bed to give piece
shag pile could be
of mind.
hazard
Simple raised seat
equipment change
only

Very cramped so
difficult for carer
assistance

INTERESTING
Introduce benefit of a
Zone 5 by way of bird
table in garden by the
window.

Hospital bed was


funded by NHS but
not the chair
Special over table to
enable meals at bed.
Was deemed too
expensive to knock
toilet and bathroom
into one space.
Able to do low cost
refurb much quicker
than full wet-room
option.

Mrs Ford very


Significant physical
pleased with
upgrade changes
changes made
required
both the aesthetics
and functional
Minimal physical
Cupboards too high Initially kitchen only to
upgrade changes
to reach for some be used by carers, but
required.
of the shorter
in later months OTs
carers.
talked of enabling Mrs
Cleared as transit
Ford to do some basic
route for
Dishwasher broken tasks like make cup of
wheelchair
tea etc so could
Gas cooker poss
change from being a
safety issues
Zone 4 to a Zone 3.
Only need to clear
away mats and
table to enable
free transit.

Very stark with


furniture removed.

Page 16

Addition of a few
house plants to
brighten up and make
it look appealing.

Design Report 01 : Reablement


AREA

PLUS

MINUS

INTERESTING

Veranda

Easily cleared for


carer entrance and
access to freezer
and washing
machine
Available for
storage of carers
lifting and handling
equipment

Not appropriate for


use by Mrs Ford
due to step.

Key pad made secure


access

Zone 4

Spare Rooms
1&2
Zone 4/5
Lounge

Available for
storage

Zone 4/5
Stairs
Zone 5
Bedroom (first
floor)

Looks untidy and


cold.
Not appropriate for
use by Mrs Ford
due to clutter
Not appropriate for
use by Mrs Ford
due to clutter
Not appropriate for
use by Mrs Ford

Available for
storage

Not appropriate for


use by Mrs Ford

Option for carer to


stay over

Not appropriate for


use by Mrs Ford

Option for carer to use

Pleasant views
continued to be
maintained by
existing gardeners.

Access not
possible without
carer assistance
and ramps

Off road parking


for carers

Access not
possible without
carer assistance
and ramps

Include a Zone 5 for


visual use from a
Zone 1 by way of bird
table outside the
window.
Got the refuse
collectors to agree to
take bins from drive
rather than the kerb.

Zone 5
Toilet (first floor)
Zone 5
Garden
Zone 5

Driveway
Zone 5

5.4 Action Planning


The Action Planning method was to firstly declare what Outcomes were wanted
and then working backwards defining the relevant Outputs and the Task Actions
to achieve them.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement


To complete it as a plan the expected effort as Time, Where, Who, and any
Resources needed were added.
This effectively became the project and resource plan to run and monitor our
progress.
See working document : Action Plan - Re-Ablement.docx

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

6 Decisions
Key decisions made on design elements.

6.1 Location
Stay in her own house and optimise use of key rooms.

6.2 Materials
We wanted to utilise mostly resources from onsite to reduce costs, but some items
such as carpet and chairs had to be bought new.
Specialist care items such as the hospital bed, wheelchair, and lifting equipment
were provided by negotiation with NHS and Social Services.

6.3 Costs
It was agreed that cost should not be seen as the main limitation or constraint as the
key element was people care.
The initial third-party estimates being over 30k was seen as unacceptable by the
family, as even though affordable spending that much capital from her savings would
have been too distressing to Mrs Ford.
The final spend was only in the order of 4k from Mrs Fords savings and achieved
at least as much benefit.
The cost for daily carer home visits and the specialist equipment was met by
negotiation with NHS and Social Services.
Note: Full detail cost breakdowns were shared and agreed with client, but were
deemed as private for this public version of design write-up.

6.4 Implement
We decided to implement the evolving design as a series of quick win phases using
Agile methods. This included quick feedback to aide redesign and modifications to
be made to keep pace with the changes in Mrs Fords physical and mental health.

6.5 Maintain
In order to most efficiently maintain the service elements of this design review points
and feedback were incorporated as part of the design process and ongoing service
delivery.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

7 Evaluation
The key Permaculture Principles (Holmgren) were used for evaluation throughout the
design process.

7.1 Permaculture Principles (Holmgren)


7.1.1 Obtain a yield
The improved physical and mental wellbeing of Mrs Ford.
Able to live in her own house again.
Retrofit of bathroom.
7.1.2 Catch and store energy
Personal resilience of Mrs Ford by providing an environment that promotes people
care and wellbeing.
7.1.3 Use and value renewable resources
Reuse of onsite materials.
7.1.4 Design from patterns to details
The key zones were the central focus for design.
The method was to produce a series of concept design diagrams for client approval
and then to work on details as part of the rapid implementation.
Observations from developing the detail design and during implementation were fed
back in an ongoing cycle to revise existing and as input to new concept designs.
7.1.5 Integrate rather than segregate
Elements of the sub-designs were able to link to each other, and aspects of lifestyle
or wellbeing, creating opportunities for incremental benefits to be achieved.
Initially it was thought that the garden classed as Zone 5 would not form part of the
benefits to Mrs Ford as she could not go out, but an idea occurred to put a bird table
by the window of the TV room enabling her to easily see the visiting birds effectively
integrating visually the Zone 5 into a Zone 1 divided only by a glass window.
7.1.6 Use small and slow solutions
The iterative agile design method used enabled incremental progression over
several months, using small steps to create early optimal benefit for Mrs Ford.
7.1.7 Observe and interact
Regular observations recorded in the care log by all those interacting and caring for
Mrs Ford created opportunities to identify and react to the rapid changes in her
health status and any other external events.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement


We met to reflect on the progress at regular intervals. We scheduled with clients and
key stakeholders retrospective reviews where all members had the chance to
discuss the process openly and suggest changes to requirements and the process.
7.1.8 Use and value diversity
By integrating the services on offer from both public (NHS and Local Authority) and
private business for physical care services, along with family and friends for
emotional support, we were able to tap into the optimised blend of resources and
service provision to best meet Mrs Fords various needs.
7.1.9 Produce no waste
In the future, as a yield from this design events, we may be able to reuse the design
method and actions could possibly be adapted and reused for others, depending on
the situation and people involved.
7.1.10 Use edge and value the marginal
Care workers, friends and family experiencing the design, even if only on the
margins could have an interest stimulated and gain understanding of permaculture
design concepts and benefits.
The design will hopefully be able to further others in their knowledge of practical
application of permaculture design methods, thinking and ethics.

Graham Wood

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

8 How Ethics Influenced Decisions


8.1 People Care
The fundamental core of the design requirements considers the physical and mental
wellbeing of my client and wishes of her family.
All physical design elements had to be assessed for Health and safety issues that
could include all clients and steakholders.

8.2 Fair Shares


The creation of a viable adapted living space with a full care service package in
place gave the family greater freedom to establish visiting rotas and a remote
contact ability.
Tendering of care package and maintenance jobs to businesses in a way to help
local employment.

8.3 Earth Care


The design aims to promote interest in the local wildlife for both Mrs Ford, her carers,
and any other visitors to the house.
Reuse of materials to reduce waste.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

9 SWOC
Used SWOC (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Constraints ) analysis
as an exercise to evaluate the design to compliment the PMI .

9.1 Strengths
Believe we achieved everything identified in our client interview

9.2 Weaknesses
Nearest family living at least one hour drive away.

9.3 Opportunities
Reuse of some existing materials.
Set up spare room for family members to occasionally stay over.
Possible option for live-in help.

9.4 Constraints
Challenging timescale and costs.
Rapidly changing health requirements.
Clients finances
Budgets available from Adult Social Care.

10Tweak
The iterative nature of the design method incorporated tweeks at every stage.
For an example see the evolving nature of the bathroom criteria.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

11 Resources
Resources used that have influenced this design

11.1 Training Course


Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE)

SCIE: Module 1: Reablement for managers


SCIE: Module 2: Reablement for care workers

11.2 Books

Permaculture Design, A Step by Step Guide : by Aranya


Reablement: a cost-effective route to better outcomes : by Jennifer Francis,
Mike Fisher and Deborah Rutter
Making the move to delivering reablement : by SCIE
Reablement: a key role for occupational therapists : by SCIE
Reablement: a guide for families and carers : by SCIE

11.3 Websites
https://www.gov.uk/service-manual/agile
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-34282423
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30990913

11.4 Tools

Laptop
DSLR camera
Mobile phone
Note books and sketch pads
Woodwork and plumbing selection of hand tools.

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

12Design Reflection
12.1 Design Process used
The SADIMET method was found to be lacking on customer focus for defining of the
expected Outcomes and this gap was filled by using the Action Planning method to
force focus on the Outcome during design where rapidly changing needs occurred.

12.2 Assessment Criteria aims


Demonstrating design skills
Applying permaculture in your own life Learning from and developing your
permaculture practice

12.3 Permaculture Research Institute Category


Architecture, building and retrofitting:
The redesign and retrofitting of an existing building.
Design Consultancy:
Completing of a permaculture design for others.

Site Development:

Designing and working on another site and creating a working demonstration of


permaculture thinking in action.

System Establishment and Implementation:

Setting up service and working on the implementation of designed systems.


Z / General / Other:
As this Reablement design work does not neatly fit neatly into the other standard
categories Id class this as People Care with rapid problem solving and
implementation.

13Personal Reflections
Up to this point in my early permaculture Diploma journey I had only ever used the
permaculture methods for land based designs as on the PDC.
At the beginning I really struggled to see how to apply

SADIMET (Survey / Analysis / Decisions / Implement / Maintain / Evaluate)

or

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Design Report 01 : Reablement

OBREDIMET (Observe / Boundaries / Resources / Evaluate / Design /


Implement / Maintain / Evaluate / Tweak)

to the nature of this Reablement design that was very people care focused and
the criteria were changing almost daily.
So for this Reablement project I used a range of Agile analysis and project delivery
tools in the design, all of which I had used many times before in business work
situations, because for me Permaculture can use the best from many disciplines to
achieve our aims. In my business career I've successfully used the high tech
through to "old country law" with good effect. So just because I don't fully
understand why and how it works it does not stop me from using it where it appears
appropriate.
I find the taking photographs is central in my permaculture observations design work
and I use them to help and guide each step of all my Permaculture Designs. By
including some carefully chosen ones here in this design not only assisted me as a
Designer but will hopefully help my work to be applied by others tackling similar
situations, by giving a very practical and visual feel to the write up.
I liked doing this design as it gave me personal satisfaction especially when getting
the very positive feedback from Mrs Ford, her family, and the medical professionals,
but it seemed to consume most of my time and was heavy on emotion at the end
when Mrs Ford passed away.
Much to my surprise it effectively drained me emotionally to the extent of detracting
and delayed some of the other designs I was working on and planning at that time.

==#==

Graham Wood

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