.

Enhancing Pixel Value Difference (PVD) Image

Steganography by Using Mobile Phone Keypad (MPK) Coding
Marwa E. Saleh

marwa.emadeldeen@gmail.com

Faculty of Computers and Information,

Dept. of Computer Science
Minia University
Minia, Egypt

Abdelmgeid A. Aly

abdelmgeid@yahoo.com

Faculty of Science,
Dept. of Computer Science
Minia University
Minia, Egypt

Fatma A. Omara

f.omara@fci-cu.edu.eg

Faculty of Computers and Information,

Dept. of Computer Science
Cairo University
Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Keywords:
,

1. INTRODUCTION

Secret message

Stego key

Embedding
Algorithm

Cover image
FIGURE 1:

Secret message

Stego image

Extraction
Algorithm

Stego key

2. RELATED WORK

3. THE PROPOSED METHOD

,

3.1

The PVD-MPK Method

2
3
4
5

59
1 1

.
.
.
TABLE 1:

Example 1:

pi

,p

i+1

i+1

pi

3.2

p i+1

pi

, p i+1

The Embedding Algorithm

Low
level

High
level
TABLE 2:

2
3
4
5

59
1 1

FIGURE 2:

Example 2

Example 3

3.3

The Extracting Algorithm

i+1|

b0= (di - li) +

mod 2.

4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Cover image
256*256

Capacity
(bytes)

PSNR of method
in [13]

PSNR of
Proposed method

Capacity
(bytes)

PSNR of
method in [14]

PSNR of
Proposed method

TABLE 3:

Cover image
512*512

TABLE 4:

Cover Image
512x512

Capacity
(bytes)

PSNR of OCTA
(STAR) PVD[8]

PSNR of
Proposed method

TABLE 5:

Cover Image
512x512

TABLE 6:

Capacity
(bytes)

PSNR of
method in [

5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

Capacity
(bytes)

PSNR of
Proposed method

6. REFERENCES