Lut Xy dng vi cng tc kho st,

thit k xy dng
Thc hin ngh quyt s 18/NQ/UBTVQH11 ngy 04
thng 12 nm 1993 ca U ban Thng v Quc hi
v vic trin khai chng trnh xy dng lut, php
lnh, Chnh ph giao cho B Xy dng ch tr,
phi hp vi cc b ngnh son tho D tho Lut
Xy dng. Sau mt thi gian chun b cng phu v
nghim tc, Lut Xy dng bao gm 9 chng 123
iu c Quc hi nc Cng ho x hi ch
ngha Vit Nam kho XI, k hp th 4 thng qua
ngy 26 thng 11 nm 2003, Ch tch nc k lnh
cng b ban hnh ngy 10 thng 12 nm 2003 v c
hiu lc t ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2004. Mt trong
nhng ni dung mi c bn ca Lut Xy dng l
Kho st thit k xy dng.
V kho st xy dng
y l ni dung mi c cp trong Lut Xy dng nhm qun l cht ch cng tc
kho st xy dng, khc phc nhng yu km trong cng tc ny, nng cao cht lng
cng tc kho st xy dng. Cng tc kho st xy dng ch c tin hnh theo nhim
v kho st c ph duyt (iu 46 LXD). Nhim v kho st do nh thu thit k
hoc nh thu kho st lp phi ph hp vi yu cu tng loi cng vic, tng bc thit
k (iu 47 LXD). i vi nhng cng trnh quy m ln, cng trnh quan trng yu
cu phi c kho st quan trc cc tc ng ca mi trng n cng trnh trong qu trnh
xy dng v s dng.
V thit k xy dng cng trnh
im mi trong cng tc thit k l quy nh li cc bc thit k v c ni dung thi
tuyn thit k kin trc cng trnh xy dng (iu 55 LXD).
i vi nhng cng trnh tr s c quan nh nc cp huyn tr ln, cng trnh vn ho,
th thao, cc cng trnh cng cng khc quy m ln v cc cng trnh c kin trc c th
u bt buc phi thi tuyn thit k kin trc cng trnh chn ra phng n kin trc
ti u khi lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
Tc gi ca phng n thit k kin trc c la chn c bo m quyn tc gi,
c u tin thc hin cc bc thit k tip theo khi iu kin nng lc thit k xy
dng theo quy nh.
Thit k xy dng cng trnh gm cc bc thit k c s, thit k k thut v thit k
bn v thi cng. Tu theo tnh cht, quy m ca tng loi cng trnh thit k xy dng
cng trnh c th c lp mt bc, hai bc hoc ba bc (iu 54 LXD). C th i
vi cng trnh ch phi lp bo co kinh t k thut th thc hin thit k mt bc l
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thit k bn v thi cng; i vi cng trnh phi lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh

thc hin thit k hai bc l thit k c s v thit k bn v thi cng; i vi nhng
cng trnh quy m ln phc tp thc hin thit k ba bc l thit k c s, thit k k
thut v thit k bn v thi cng.
Ni dung ca thit k c s c quy nh chi tit, c th v phi c t chc thm nh
khi ph duyt d n u t xy dng cng trnh, y l c s trin khai cc bc thit
k tip theo. Cc bc thit k tip theo do ch u t t chc thm nh, ph duyt
nhng khng c tri vi thit k c s c ph duyt (iu 59 LXD).
hng dn thi hnh Lut Xy dng, Chnh ph t chc nghin cu son tho, ban
hnh cc Ngh nh hng dn thi hnh Lut Xy dng:
1. Ngh nh s 126/2004/N-CP ngy 26/5/2004 ca Chnh ph v x pht vi phm
hnh chnh trong hot ng xy dng, qun l cng trnh h tng th v qun l s
dng nh.
2. Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca chnh ph v qun l cht lng
cng trnh xy dng.
3. Ngh nh s 08/2005/N-CP ngy 24/01/2005 ca chnh ph v Quy hoch xy dng.
4. Ngh nh s 16/2005/N-CP ngy 07/02/2005 ca chnh ph v qun l d n u t
xy dng cng trnh.
5. Ngh nh 46/2005/N-CP ngy 6/4/2005 v t chc v hot ng ca thanh tra xy
dng
6. Ngh nh 71/2005/N-CP ngy 6/6/2005 v qun l u t xy dng cng trnh c
th
7 Quyt nh s 39/2005/Q-TTg ngy 28/02/2005 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic
hng dn thi hnh iu 121 ca Lut Xy dng.
8. Ngh nh s 112/2006/N-CP ngy 29/9/2006 v sa i, b sung mt s iu ca
Ngh nh s 16/2005/N-CP v qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
Song song vi vi vic Chnh ph ban hnh cc Ngh nh, B Xy dng theo thm
quyn ban hnh cc Quyt nh v Thng t hng dn cc Ngh nh trn.
Lut Xy dng thc s i vo cuc sng cc Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16
thng 12 nm 2004 ca chnh ph v qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng, Thng t
s 05/2005/TT-BXD ngy 12 thng 4 nm 2005 hng dn thi tuyn thit k kin trc
cng trnh xy dng, Thng t s 14/2005/TT-BXD ngy 10 thng 8 nm 2005 hng
dn vic lp v qun l chi ph kho st xy dng v Quyt nh 28/2005/Q-BXD ngy
10 thng 8 nm 2005 ban hnh nh mc d ton kho st xy dng c nhng i mi
v qun l cht lng cng trnh, c nhiu quy nh mi v trch nhim ca ch u t,
nh thu thit k, nh thu kho st trong vic kho st thit k xy dng nhm bo m
cht lng cng tc kho st thit k xy dng cng trnh.
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Lut Xy dng xc nh r trch nhim ca ch u t, nh thu thit k, nh thu

kho st trong vic kho st thit k xy dng:
Trch nhim ca Ch u t
Theo quy nh ti iu 50 ca Lut Xy dng v theo cc iu 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 ca Ngh
nh 209/2004/N-CP v iu 24, 27 ca Ngh nh 16/2005/N-CP, ch u c trch
nhim i vi cng tc kho st xy dng nh sau:
1. Thu t chc, c nhn c iu kin nng lc lp nhim v kho st;
2. Ph duyt nhim v kho st;
3. La chn nh thu kho st xy dng trong trng hp khng iu kin nng lc
t thc hin, k kt hp ng v giao nhim v kho st cho nh thu kho st xy dng;
4. Ph duyt phng n k thut kho st do nh thu kho st lp; Ph duyt nhim v
kho st v ph ng n k thut kho st iu chnh, b sung (nu c);
5. Bn giao mt bng cho nh thu kho st;
6. T chc gim st vic thc hin hp ng k kt;
7. T chc nghim thu kt qu kho st v thanh ton y kinh ph cho nh thu kho
st theo hp ng k kt.
Trng hp, bn khng c chuyn mn v kho st nhng l ch u t th vn phi c
trch nhim trn. Tuy nhin, bn c th thu t chc, c nhn c nng lc, kinh nghim
tham gia nhng cng vic lin quan n chuyn mn trong cng tc kho st lm c s
cho bn quyt nh v ph duyt. T chc, c nhn phi chu trch nhim trc bn v kt
qu do h c thu m nhn.
Trch nhim ca nh thu thit k
Theo quy nh ti iu 58 ca Lut Xy dng v iu 6, 9 ca Ngh nh 209/2004/NCP, trong cng tc kho st xy dng nh thu thit k c trch nhim:
- Lp nhim v kho st xy dng phc v cho cng tc thit k ph hp vi yu cu ca
tng bc thit k;
- xut kho st b sung v lp nhim v kho st b sung khi c nhng yu t nh h
ng trc tip n gii php thit k do nh thu kho st hoc nh thu thi cng pht
hin trong qu trnh kho st hoc thi cng xy dng; hoc khi xc nh ti liu kho st
cha c s chc chn thc hin thit k;
- Bi thng thit hi khi xc nh sai nhim v kho st do mnh thc hin gy nh hng n kt qu kho st v thit k cng trnh xy dng v cc hnh vi vi phm khc
gy thit hi do li ca mnh gy ra.
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Trch nhim ca nh thu kho st xy dng

Theo quy nh ti iu 49, 50, 51 ca Lut Xy dng; iu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 v 12 ca
Ngh nh 209/2004/N-CP v iu 57, 58 ca Ngh nh 16/2005/N-CP, trong cng
tc kho st xy dng nh thu kho st xy dng cng trnh c trch nhim:
- Nhn cng vic kho st ph hp vi iu kin nng lc theo quy nh.
- K kt hp ng thc hin cc cng vic kho st.
- C ch nhim kho st c iu kin nng lc lm ch nhim kho st, b tr cn
b c chuyn mn ph hp thc hin cng tc kho st.
- Lp nhim v kho st xy dng khi c yu cu ca ch u t.
- Lp ph ng n k thut kho st.
- Thc hin cng tc kho st theo ng nhim v kho st c giao, phng n k
thut kho st c duyt v hp ng k kt.
- xut, b sung nhim v kho st khi pht hin cc yu t nh hng trc tip n gii
php thit k.
- Bo mt ti liu theo quy nh.
- Bo v mi trng v cc cng trnh xy dng trong khu vc kho st.
- Chu trch nhim trc ch u t v php lut v kt qu kho st.
iu kin nng lc ca t chc c nhn kho st thit k xy dng
T chc c nhn c iu kin nng lc theo quy nh ti iu 7, iu 49, iu 56 ca
Lut Xy dng v cc quy nh ti iu 48, iu 57, iu 58, iu 59, iu 60, iu 61
th mi c thc hin vic kho st, thit k xy dng cng trnh, c th nh sau:
- i vi t chc kho st xy dng: t chc kho st xy dng hng I c thc hin
nhim v kho st cng loi cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, cp II, cp III v cp IV. T
chc kho st xy dng hng II c thc hin nhim v kho st cng loi cng trnh
cp II, cp III v cp IV;
- i vi t chc thit k xy dng cng trnh: t chc thit k xy dng cng trnh hng
I c thit k cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, cp II, cp III v cp IV cng loi; lp d n
quan trng quc gia, d n nhm A,B,C cng loi. T chc thit k xy dng cng trnh
hng II c thit k cng trnh cp II, cp III v cp IV cng loi; lp d n nhm B,C
cng loi.
- i vi c nhn: cc c nhn c vn bng chng ch o to ph hp vi cng vic m
nhn th c tham gia kho st thit k xy dng do t chc kho st thit k xy dng
cng trnh m nhn.
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- i vi c nhn m nhn chc danh ch nhim kho st xy dng hng I th c lm

ch nhim kho st cng loi cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, cp II, cp III v cp IV. Cc
c nhn m nhn chc danh ch nhim kho st xy dng hng II th c lm ch
nhim kho st cng loi cng trnh cp II, cp III v cp IV.
- i vi c nhn m nhn chc danh ch nhim thit k xy dng cng trnh hng I th
c lm ch nhim thit k cng trnh cng loi cp c bit, cp I, cp II, cp III v cp
IV v lm ch nhim lp d n nhm A,B,C cng loi. Cc c nhn m nhn chc danh
ch nhim thit k xy dng cng trnh hng II th c lm ch nhim thit k cng
trnh cng loi cp II, cp III v cp IV v lm ch nhim lp d n nhm B,C cng loi.
- i vi c nhn m nhn chc danh ch tr thit k xy dng cng trnh hng I th
c lm ch tr thit k cng lnh vc chuyn mn cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, cp II,
cp III v cp IV. Cc c nhn m nhn chc danh ch tr thit k xy dng cng trnh
hng II th c lm ch tr thit k cng lnh vc chuyn mn cng trnh cp II, cp III
v cp IV.
Lut Xy dng c hiu lc s thc y hot ng xy dng ni chung v kho st thit k
xy dng ni ring, to ng lc pht trin bn vng, kim sot c qu trnh u t
xy dng cng trnh; c cn c x l, gii quyt tranh chp trong hot ng xy dng,
a cng tc u t xy dng vo n np.
ThS. Nguyn Xun Nht - Ph V trng V Php ch - BXD
(Ngun tin: T/C Kin trc Vit Nam s 12/2006 + 01/2007)