SCADA TRN TU THY

H thng SCADA l h thng iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu

[1]. H thng SCADA trn tu thu iu khin v gim st qu
trnh hot ng ca tt c cc h thng my mc thit b, tnh trng
ca cc kt, cc khoang trn tu v d bo chy tt c cc boong,
cc phng trn tu. Do tnh cht c th ca tu thu l lm vic
c lp trn bin v chu mi trng lm vic khc nghit nh
rung lc, m, nc mt v s thay i thng xuyn ca nhit
v p sut. V vy, ngoi nhng c im chung ca mt h SCADA
thng thng th s dng trn tu thu bt buc h thng phi c
thm mt s tnh cht khc l: H thng phi c tnh d phng
(redundant), c h thng an ton (safety) v s c (emergency) vi
thi gian tc ng nhanh, h thng phi vn hnh c nhiu v tr
ti ch v t xa, c ch bng tay v t ng.
Cu trc c bn h thng SCADA trn tu thu:
Vi nhng yu cu nh trn th nguyn tc chung cu trc ln
mt h SCADA trn tu thu gm c ba cp v hai h thng mng.
Cc cp ca h thng l: Cp trm iu hnh (control station level),
cp vn hnh (operating level) v cp iu khin v x l (process
level). Cc h thng mng l mng h thng v bus trng.
Cp trm vn hnh l cp cao nht trong h thng, n thc hin
nhim v iu khin v gim st cc qu trnh trn tu qua h thng
my tnh vi phn mm iu khin gim st nh Intouch, WinCC
n iu khin v qun l my in cc bo co, lu tr cc gi tr
thng tin qu trnh v ghi nht k my. Ngoi ra, cp ny cn thc
hin cng vic trao i thng tin gia h SCADA vi cc h thng
khc trn tu nh dch v inmasat-C trao i d liu vi cng ty.
Cp vn hnh hay cn gi l giao din gia ngi v my, cho php
con ngi can thip vo cc qu trnh hot ng ca cc thit b
my mc trn tu thng qua cc phm, nt bm, cc ng h ch th
v cc tham s qu trnh trn cc panel hin th. Ngoi ra, vn
hnh an ton v gii quyt s c nhanh chng, cc h thng cp
ny c cc nt n, cng tc c ni trc tip t ni vn hnh xung
thit b thc hin m khng thng qua h thng mng bus trng.
Cp iu khin v x l c nhim v thu thp x l d liu v iu
khin s hot ng ca i tng. Cp ny gm c cc b iu khin
kh trnh (PLC) vi cc vo/ra tp trung v cc vo/ra phn tn m

n c ni vi cc PLC qua mng bus trng. T cc u vo/ra

ny c ni ti cc sensor v cc actuator.
Mng (bus) h thng thc hin lin kt cc b iu khin PLC cp
iu khin v x l vi cc my tnh cp trm vn hnh. Bus
trng thc hin lin kt cc b iu khin PLC vi cc vo/ra phn
tn v cc panel vn hnh.
Vic truyn thng ca hai h thng mng trn da trn c s ca m
hnh m OSI gm by lp (giao thc) cho cc h thng t ng. Tuy
nhin, thc t hai h thng mng trn y khng th hin y
by lp m ch th hin r lp mt (lp vt l), lp hai (lp lin kt
d liu) v lp by (lp ng dng) m thi. Mng h thng thng l
mng ethernet, MPI cn bus trng l CAN hay profibus-DP hoc ASi. Mng ethernet c dung lng truyn ln, truyn bit ni tip vi tc
n 10Mbit/s v s dng cp xon i c bc chng nhiu. Bus
trng c dung lng truyn nh, truyn bit ni tip vi tc thp,
khong 250Kbit/s v s dng cp xon i c in tr cui khong
120W, khong cch truyn ln ti 1km. Hai h thng mng trn u
c d phng gm hai ng cp mng i song song hai mng
ca tu. Khi h thng lm vic bnh thng th mt ng cp mng
mc nh c s dng, cn ng kia ch standby. Nu xy ra
hng hc h thng s c thut ton chn on v kp thi khi ng
ng cp mng d phng.
H SCADA trn tu thu
thun tin cho vic qun l, theo di v gim st hot ng ca
con tu th tt c cc thit b my mc trn tu c chia ra lm bn
vng [2]. l cc vng sau: Vng my diesel chnh lai chn vt, hp
s; vng cc t hp diesel my pht, bng in chnh; Vng cc my
ph nh ni hi, my lc du, my phn ly, h thng li, neo v lm
hng Vng gm cc kt, khoang v d bo chy n xy ra trn cc
boong.
Cp trm iu hnh thng c 2 my tnh, 2 my in mt t bung
li, mt t bung iu khin my. Giao din ho trn my tnh
cng c chia ra bn vng nh trn, tuy nhin c th chuyn i
vic theo di gim st cc vng mt cch linh hot nh cc phm
chc nng. Chng trnh ho hin th mt cch sinh ng trng
thi v s hot ng ca tt c cc thit b my mc. Trn mi trang
mn hnh gim st u c cc tin ch nh cc phm bm, hp nh
du, con trt, cho php can thip mt cch trc tip ti qu trnh.

Mt khc, cc thng tin qu trnh cn c t ng lu vo mt c

s d liu SQL theo cc tnh hung nh s kin, theo chu k hoc do
ngi vn hnh quy nh. T c s d liu ny s liu c a vo
cc mu bo co v c th c in ra giy.
Do tnh cht vn nng trn tu thu nn mi thit b u c th c
iu khin bng tay hoc t ng, t xa ti bung li, bung iu
khin my, bung hoc ti ch ti bung my thng qua cc panel
c t ti cc v tr tng ng v c ni bng mng bus trng
ti cc b iu khin kh trnh PLC. Cc PLC c trang b cho tng
thit b, i vi cc thit b chim v tr khng gian rng ln nh
diesel lai chn vt, h thng li, lm hng, h thng kim tra mc
kt, khoang, h thng bo chy v h thng ch bo t xa.. th ngoi
b iu khin PLC vi cc u ra tp trung cn trang b thm cc
vo/ra phn tn t ti hin trng gn thit b, xa b iu khin
v c ni vi b iu khin qua mng bus trng.