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Cisco Multicast Use Cases
Cisco Multicast Use Cases
Cisco Multicast Use Cases
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VERSION 1
MULTICAST STUFF
Visibility: Open to anyone
Created on: Mar 6, 2011 9:31 PM by parveen rohilla - Last Modified: Mar 6, 2011 9:32 PM by parveen rohilla
Multicast
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-11194?decorator=print
1/11/2012
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mrinfo [hostname | address]Displays information about multicast routers that are peering with the local router (if no address is specified) or with the specified router
show ip pim rp [group-name | group-address | mapping]
show ip rpf {address | name}
show ip igmp interface [type number]
show ip igmp groups [group-address | type number]
SNOOPING COMMANDS:
show multicast group [igmp]
show multicast router [igmp]
show igmp statistics vlan-id
IGMP Membership query will be sent to 224.0.0.1 with multicast IP field = 0.0.0.0 periodically. (General query)
Membership Report was periodically sent to 224.0.1.40 (implies PIM enabled) by router.
Membership leave will be sent to 224.0.0.2 (for V2)
After receiving the leave, the Querier perform group-specific query twice with time-out period of 1 sec for each. So, if there is no report for 2 secs, the group will be removed.
Membership query packet type: 011
V1 Membership report packet type: 012
V2 Membership report packet type: 016
Leave group packet type: 017
PIMv2 hello sent to 224.0.0.13 every 30 secsip pim query-interval
PIM hold timer 3.5 times the hello timer. = 105 sec
PIMv2 protocol ID: 103 / TTL =1
PIMv1 protocol ID: 2 (IGMP) with destination IP address: 224.0.0.2
PIMv2 message types:
hello : 0
Register (used in PIM-SM only) : 1
Register-Stop (used in PIM-SM only) : 2
Join/Prune: 3
Bootstrap (used in PIM-SM only) : 4
Assert :5
Graft (used in PIM-DM only) : 6
Graft-Ack (used in PIM-DM only): 7
Candidate-RP-Advertisement (used in PIM-SM only) : 8
Bootstrap messages originated by BSR every 60 secs and contains RP-set.
When a PIMv2 router peers with a PIMv1 router, it automatically sets that interface to PIMv1.
PIM-DM message:
Hello
Join/Prune Join/prune to a tree
Graft to join a tree which is already pruned
Graft-ack ACK to graft send within 3 sec of Graft msg.
Assert used to select Forwarder in multi-access environ.
SPT- shortest path tree (Source tree). RPT Rendezvous point tree (shared tree)
Timers for (S,G) Uptime / Expiration time (3.5 min)
Expiration time- if there is no MC packets for this time, the entry will be removed.
Timers for outgoing interface: - uptime/expire
Expire Prune expire timer.
RPF neighbor 0.0.0.0 for (S,G) entry implies the SRC is connected to this router.
When a sources RPF router changes, PIM-DM first sends a Prune message to the old router. A Graft message is then sent to the new RPF router to build the new tree.
PIM-DR:
As IGMPv-1 has no Querier, it has to relay on PIM to select a DR- highest IP address in the subnet. DR hold timer- 105 sec
PIM forwarder:
In Multi-access environ, when 2 routers receive packets from upstream neighbor, forwarder is elected.
Assert msg is used to elect.
Election process:
Lowest AD via source IP is learned
If tie, Lowest Metric to reach source IP
If tie, highest IP in the network.
PIM-SM: (7 PIMv2 messages)
Hello
Bootstrap sent by BSR to announce RP set. DES IP: 224.0.0.13
Candidate-RP-advertisement Unicast from C-RP to BSR
Join/Prune
Assert
Register first packet from SRC to RP
Register-stop RP sent this message after SPT is created from RP to SRC DR.
Selecting RP:
Manual static configuration
Not recommended for larger environ
Open-standard Bootstrap protocol
C-BSR and C-RP are configured, each configured with priority and IP address.
Select BSR from C-BSR: Election process
Highest priority (default -0)
If tie, highest IP address
BSR sends RP-set which has RP/s-Group mapping
If there are many RPs to a group, election process
Highest priority (lowest priority number)
If tie, Highest Hash output
If tie, highest IP address.
Auto-RP protocol
Cisco-proprietary
RP-mapping agent in place of BSR
Agent send RP-group mapping instead of RP-set
Uses 224.0.1.39 C-RP send RP-announce message every 60 sec to this address.
Uses 224.0.1.40 RP agent send RP-group message via RP-discovery message
When the upstream router receives the Join/Prune, one of four situations may occur:
The router is not the RP, and it is on the shared tree. The router adds the interface on which it received the Join/Prune to the outgoing interface list for the group.
The router is not the RP, and it is not on the tree. The router creates a (*, G) entry and sends its own Join/Prune upstream toward the RP.
The router is the RP, and it has an entry for the group. The router adds the interface on which it received the Join/Prune to the outgoing interface list for the group.
The router is the RP, and it has no entry for the group. The router creates a (*, G) entry and adds the receiving interface to the outgoing interface list for the group.
Source registration:
SRC-DR sends the first multicast packet to RP (unicast) encapsulated inside Register message.
RP sends Register-stop if:
SPT is formed between SRC DR and RP. (S,G) entry
No members/downstream routers available for that group.
PIM-SM also try to form SPT from receiver to source (might be via RP)
Shifting from RPT to SPT can be controlled via ip pim spt-threshold <kbps/infinity> CLI.
By default, receiver will try to form SPT after its first MC packet received
Flags associated with an entry in mroute table:
Flags
Description
D-Dense
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S-Sparse
C-Connected
L-Local
P-Pruned
R-RP-bit set
Indicates that the (S, G) entry is pointing toward the RP. This is typically prune state
along the shared tree for a particular source.
F-Register flag
T-SPT-bit set
Indicates that packets have been received on the shortest path tree.
J-Join SPT
For (*, G) entries, indicates that the rate of traffic flowing down the shared tree is
exceeding the SPT-Threshold set for the group. (The default SPT-Threshold setting is
0 Kbps.) When the J-Join SPT flag is set, the next (S, G) packet received down the
shared tree triggers an (S, G) join in the direction of the source, thereby causing the
router join the source tree.
For (S, G) entries, indicates that the entry was created because the SPT-Threshold for
the group was exceeded. When the J-Join SPT flag is set for (S, G) entries, the router
monitors the traffic rate on the source tree and attempts to switch back to the shared
tree for this source if the traffic rate on the source tree falls below the groups SPTThreshold for more than 1 minute.
Timer table:
Timers
Comments
IGMP query
30 secs
105 sec
60 sec
Default value
10 sec
Prune override
Register-suppression timer
60 sec.
Bootstrap message
60 sec
Bootstrap timer
BS wait timer
130 sec
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1/11/2012