FINAL EXAM TOPICS

HONORS CHEMISTRY

UNIT 6: CHEMICAL QUANTITIES (STOICHIOMETRY)

Using the mole-to-mole ratio
Moles to moles, grams to moles, grams to grams, etc.
Solution stoichiometry (using molarity in stoichiometric calculations)
Determining the limiting reactant [convert both reactants to moles of product; lowest is LR]
Theoretical yield [actual amount that can be made; based off LR]
Actual yield [amount that is actually made in experiment; always given]
Percent yield [actual / theoretical x 100]

UNIT 7: THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM

Properties of waves [wavelength, frequency, speed of light (3.00 x 10 8 m/s)

How to use 2 equations (E = hv and c=v) (equations and Plancks constant will be given)

Electromagnetic spectrum (Order)

Ground state vs. Excited state (photons)

Flame tests
Writing electron configurations [longhand, shorthand, orbital notation]

UNIT 8: CHEMICAL BONDING AND GEOMETRIES

Counting valence electrons

Ionic vs covalent bond [electrons transferred vs. electrons shared] [Know properties]

Drawing Lewis-dot structures (single, double, and triple bonds)

Resonance structures

Electron geometry vs. molecular geometry (need to know linear, bent, trig. planar, trig. pyramidal, and tetrahedral)

Predicting polar vs. non-polar molecules

Intermolecular forces [given the molecule, predict the force that holds them together]

UNIT 9: SOLUTIONS

How solutions are formed [process of salvation]

Factors affecting solubility

Reading solubility curves

Saturated vs. unsaturated vs. supersaturated

Calculating molarity, molality, ppm, ppb, and %

How to make a solution [experimental process]

Making a dilution (M1V1=M2V2)

Boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.

UNIT 10: GASES

Properties of gases

Using the combined gas law equation

Using the ideal gas law equation