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David Ortega
ENC 1101
12-1-2015
Annotated bibliography

Recreational athletes, competitive athletes, high school athletes, college athletes, and
professional athletes all have one thing in common: the risk of a concussion. It's impossible
to go a season without one athlete from a team receiving a concussion. The more that these
concussions are studied, the more we learn about them, such as their detrimental effects on
athletes. Because of the risk of health issues and death that come with concussions, doctors,
coaches, athletic trainers, and lawmakers are stepping in to protect athletes of all levels
from receiving concussions.

Concussions from baseball present a substantial public health burden given the
number of youth, adolescent and emerging adult athletes that participate in
contact or collision sports. (Kroshus, Emily, Bernice Garnett, Matt Hawrilenko,
Christine M. Baugh, and Jerel P. Calzo. "Concussion Under-reporting and
Pressure from Coaches, Teammates, Fans, and Parents." Social Science &
Medicine: 66-75.)
These findings underscore the importance of designing interventions that
address the system in which athletes make decisions about concussion reporting,
including athletes' parents, rather than focusing solely on modifying the
individual's reporting cognitions. (Kroshus, Emily, Bernice Garnett, Matt

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Hawrilenko, Christine M. Baugh, and Jerel P. Calzo. "Concussion Underreporting and Pressure from Coaches, Teammates, Fans, and Parents." Social

Science & Medicine: 66-75.)

Concussion on baseball.
o A 19-year-old collegiate baseball catcher was struck on the lateral side of his
head by a backswing. (Jones, Nathaniel S., Kevin D. Walter, Roger Caplinger,
Daniel Wright, William G. Raasch, and Craig Young. "Effect of Education and
Language on Baseline Concussion Screening Tests in Professional Baseball
Players." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: 284-88.)
o He did not demonstrate any loss of consciousness or amnesia (retrograde or
anterograde), but complained of headache. (Jones, Nathaniel S., Kevin D.
Walter, Roger Caplinger, Daniel Wright, William G. Raasch, and Craig Young.
"Effect of Education and Language on Baseline Concussion Screening Tests in

Professional Baseball Players." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: 284-88.)

Concussion on baseball
o Ryan Freel is the first known baseball player to have been diagnosed with the
disease, according to the Boston University Center for the Study of Traumatic
Encephalopathy, which has found the disease in numerous deceased former
National Football League players. ("First Baseball Player Diagnosed With
Concussion-Related Brain Disease." ThinkProgress First Baseball Player
Diagnosed With ConcussionRelated Brain Disease Comments. 16 Dec. 2013.
Web. 3 Dec. 2015.)
o I know it was a concussion, Freel said at the time. Ive had them before and
know what it is. I was knocked out. Every other time Ive had concussions, Ive
been knocked out. None of them have been like this. I never had the lingering
affects. This is totally different than what I had before. ("First Baseball Player

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Diagnosed With Concussion-Related Brain Disease." ThinkProgress First
Baseball Player Diagnosed With ConcussionRelated Brain Disease Comments.

16 Dec. 2013. Web. 3 Dec. 2015.)

Concussion on baseball
o Individuals suspected of sustaining a sport-related concussion require a sound,
evidence-based plan for proper immediate assessment and objective criteria for
an informed return-to-play decision. (Onate, James A., Brian C. Beck, and
Bonnie L. Van Lunen. "On-field testing environment and balance error scoring
system performance during preseason screening of healthy collegiate baseball
players." Journal of athletic training 42.4 (2007): 446.)
o Our purpose was to determine if balance performance on BESS testing in an
on-field, uncontrolled baseball environment differed compared with BESS
testing in a controlled, locker room environment during preseason baseline
testing of healthy collegiate baseball players. ( Onate, James A., Brian C. Beck,
and Bonnie L. Van Lunen. "On-field testing environment and balance error
scoring system performance during preseason screening of healthy collegiate
baseball players." Journal of athletic training 42.4 (2007): 446.)

Concussions are a growing problem in our world because of how it affects your health and
how frequent it occurs; luckily many things are being to solve this problem. There are many
symptoms of concussions that can greatly affect people both physically and mentally. Most
symptoms of concussions occur very earlier, usually in the first days or weeks. Headache,
nauseas or vomiting, balance problems, blurred vision, and a lack of energy are just a few
of the physical symptoms that occur to those with concussions ("Injury Prevention;
Control: Traumatic Brain Injury."). These symptoms not only affect those who have the
concussion, but can also affect others at risk because they cannot complete simple tasks

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safely (like driving). Concussion on baseball are as dangerous as in any other sports that
can physically injured a player.