INTRAUTERINE GROWTH

RESTRICTION (IUGR)

TERMINOLOGY
Formerly IUGR: Intrauterine Growth
Retardation not used anymore
RETARDATION Abnormal mental
function
RESTRICTION Slow
growth/ceases
Fetal weight 10th percentile for
gestational age and sex/SGA
Present of pathological process

PATHOGENESIS
Abnormal placental development it
caused:
Supply of O2 hypoxia free radicals
organ system disorder
Nutrient inputs
Abnormal metabolic outcomes

IUGR

1. METABOLIC DISORDER
2. ASYMMETRIC AND
SYMMETRIC GROWTH
RESTRICTION
3. INCREASED MORBIDITY
AND MORTILITY

RISCK FACTOR
1. Constitutionally small mother
2. Poor maternal weight gain and nutrition
3. Social deprivation
4. Fetal infections
5. Congenital malformations
6. Chromosomal abnormalities
7. Trisomi 16
8. Primary disorders of cartilage and bone
9. Chromosomal abnormalitie
10.Congenital malformation

9. Chemical teratogens
10.Vascular disease
11.Chronic renal disease
12.Chronic hypoxia
13.Maternal anemia
14.Plasental and cord abnornalities
15.Multiple fetuses
16.Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
17.Extrauterine pregnancy

IDENTIFICATION OF IUGR
1. FUNDAL HEIGHT
2. MEASUREMENT SONOGRAPHY
3. VELOCITOMETRY DOPPLER

PREVENTION
Prevention before conception occurs, by:
1. Optimizing maternal health conditionS
2. Correction of nutritional deficiencies
3. Treatment
4. Smoking cessation
5. Antimalarial prophylaxis for women living in
endemic areas
6. Women with hypertension in pregnancy /with a
history of previous IUGR prophylaxis with lowdose aspirin in early pregnancy (-) 10% IUGR