FEATURE ARTICLE Noticing grammar and vocabulary as a goal of instruction Donald Wi. Peckham Introduction le em people these rs mou dou the ned fo fousng a pan ainsretin on granear ane vocabulary nthe eg engage ‘esoom, queton a eas: hit exact eet beets och ‘yarar apd eat? Asing ts question, which sas Roe the rae evs rower at cers expel em sete rd every pationgaget us, opens up the post hat are area rere ste Foes htistucen ray porinbebleg stirs move ova beng mere Droclent ers of te guage. Ore sbte bert Fron may be ‘that sors tr use ths nonldge cevenped ne oe Bngone essoo eight on ater roma ar vocab map Tats {ascents maybecme svar forethay outer ening tg ‘hat they theres nou nave do onstcton haheghteg rama arc vocabulary aman mre sale anata ‘roma pana ptt ve, [Paveoten wondered wat hapeens tommy tae wo drat master arr grammar or veaouy hich Istugrtncass. What othe WE ham awit npat have he cn em en aeasures tht the goal bsrcten toate change Inieorer bahar ot he re of ncn than wu sce ie taaching hat dos not do ths has i. Crain, nag, ean be soon ‘tam pate! epee tat se the eae ares spent De gute ae obec are of something nc and then dots ‘ooniedge inte evel master a faa fom BLD quot rerais# change eat atsed medal nthe dass unt orcas, ‘hen os hs Nomator eed ne ong et or itn? Wht sliders, fo expla tat par pret ganna ‘orword woe tug paced or encountered nce? nth paper nl ‘B vevty vou 9, ber 2. p22 ta or focused srctin may sve omoveleamestn became are ‘and nie hese fms n pat Background ‘he ssuect von erbengconscout ems nt reaty reste tte ctl quston wha the 1 expt Kien Seco nguoge learning. Incr years eats beena gear Getteoer tes ofthe dere to heh cnscosass nant term re use ar recess in arquge earn. For tase who ave sreny dessa conscounes of nut form lent estaba — Irntessnt ~iniangoge rng one he berets of is seen rater sear cet es een eli dear rare Aesptons an exertions of tow ext wep bes Scr lengsogeacquitionas wel the seeking out he cope foundations \Yaturdrie teeing aa use of inguctc hoes Thoeraal here we wana hee apoeacesto the be of concours iniarguee ain rund which he debate nas cred her SvOr ae weak Weaace pespeces each wich sake ‘crc the ay pt ef haber or nother an ere, psie onscton, etucen te developer and we of expt, oe cnscne ‘boned ade role, actor urns anager ‘en conpetenena language. The"no-reroe” perspec bes ot Terthby shen, Kashar 91; 565) who erred ote ony re forces kre langage ee te ering of expt a he Sw ond carl of es carole tiation. On sv, ext ‘des ond concousnes: donee of campeiene, Hot pacing langage tester wouddingre th thesrare vo and wa de ebro he astlty of earng witout cesses relevance ‘wore cssoon pace though te debate oer ts etree vw ay he torpor ssinesesearchon te lec eat nae, usta Keser cide sn rer osteo spy ase ha or ese lesen neces ace, and beau i te oc bees of TEs ths mere sate ard spect rool fete rl expt noniadne expesed nthe race perspectives Whi she onan whch the su ef nog I best understood. The song ites especie (2g Oder 955; Shroom, 1993) proposes tatsecon nguage sition cn pocadvrymuchlog te same ns 2s theleringr any sl that i togreing he sow nd eprte e conan og an es pte aig athe aC ‘Srafuertuse brains. Th preset bse onthe moc of ‘Mi aaustion popeseab Anderson (1983), which species teas for ltinonedoy, hereof rice arth canes i which astm ‘act rk allo wich poten hepato: for wt Be et lend tia aN ican be aac. The "weak ce” perpestne (el 1993) proposes tat ore of he rls of expick lnonenoe tooke ranean aca uarysaler. Tus acon is ele oenedpecanadeaner in eth emer np, Peng ‘hegop between put aate learner scurent sate of erage, brdmontaingbetoe and afer oat Noteingcante dene os he conscosrepaton of rmin put (sett 1995)—ta's py ong are parts oy hs et been encountered in put fs such, ntlong ast lel om of onscousress, belo tat avarees of hat 9 parr rue ay be, nde arenes fom azar form urcons Thegh ne act ‘rateng maybe te sie, Smits tha rer pays 8 hey oe Incomes routinet’ nseins guage an, rake ca be efnacin sich way ot appraprtets the ecuson ong othe potessof essing Inguinal he ea esut of which eu be the strag of eee inary or the developmen of austen (Gare 198) Truster of hs corsca esate tom ret {ansnpy be, ate lores ev aread che stent ©; ahah ee, ‘tetunher deveprent ofthe te “Teron epitome cans Sect 954) san esentl apd Secessary sep i lering. Ths poston echoes feblened ponte of view i cogntve psyco wh supges tat arenes ters nna beagles anc th abys eprcn at icrning ar generate cto ase (eesson a sr, 193), anda ‘Shine ening ites tore con ohn De aac alenge ae toalacofsanstty to what peeps actualy anaect (rans & ‘oy, 198) Ths shoud no tough lect era arog = the leping of something when seus te eas foes atten ‘al, 192) — ror does ral cue pest ef mpl ering et oe knot tera (eg Dots 1985) Puree concern the ‘regurnte ne resece fcc feria Sic (1984), eng as (1985) staas agen hat at maybe hpsle ‘Doree upon anopertenlacnton tng tat il aa ety ths pete, mayb wa epee so-so ae 0 eig ‘wherein ta nodbeaypatees tr mee nn kaso me len op 17-18) Whats spp te, tat theron hype ane mast rer eens avi afeoming whch stongy sips he fecnve ees of conscasesson na ngage eamg. This shoud recip tate" poh poston no eam wibeutraeg — ees rtrabie bth serge exreston ofthe nig hype oes emainconrorsl 5 was red ct a eco eve Tce 1598) when ses qustonsabout he vat f alegre abstr ard croix grant structures. Neves, the purpose ths preset Stuoysretto none ts queen fe zee pur prea es utwlunattne macnn reang ote tee poe facta apes tat corscousess odie “Te pecs eating nrtra con be best crue win a famenorkfatetonandmemor, mag ances tee Ingecent of eting mare cea defined, Robson (195), rev srteieon tert, mer an the one pode, dees tng “tecon rohan Sbrttem many, porto ended no term memory (9.296), Conesoerersthen woud ererge terse level of caters cheves in warrg wemony Atoushgtacon can xu ooutenareres he eur of tisbretsubmialecestre "ant ‘be m any stl cerse be dared tobe evenc ft”. 258 Conscous awareness, Roiaa's ve, she rut of ee ano tortion a mater — Bat ng abut form In nat and ‘sess ty pect ak donors in ner recs at yo gage arenes? tough he we oe er coast” canbe panty prosarateShms, 195), hela ie seceson ‘ope oteng win fe ger Marek fresco menor and _terton Forts reson, spe Tbe sng Reina’ detent roseig a etacton coil wiv a cee earl werkirg mens Indeed, carer conception of wor meer Se I 35 9 lace where ‘recnlecton of revs eves be camped and etgratag i cere xperences an nr (Bae, 1953), (Consus ings rom ate ert ins tes nr ‘hen cane sent bea potential tl por oftanguage aig Te ‘unton he areas of wat etry cn ly ghiging aedmang ts ster fr rer. Des stron tavean tet hebag lepers forate rns ningl? Ts isthe qeston which saderesedin ‘he suty — he acer to We an paps oie evidence for the rater be tran gc! of mar tudes are ct gare a vocsbulryin pt Method “Trea orth sty oscar etn an Eni ungsrian bengal secondary schon Hungary an ved 25 parcfants wo were ‘iced ona tentere our Paricpars wrest Yr tues t the second stole tied Engle for an average of 65 ror ests ofthe Odor Pacerert xan gra en (Me 152) show ‘hot pertepars ware tan ternal lve Et, sonenhere neat Fret Catfeats le compan sews he tw treater gs of Placrerrar sores esse siding Engich showed no Seat ‘ferences between her In oder t investigate the restarch qvesion,paricbars mere Inencced metnergarmor eval enator te ntg ef hase fermen rer was stain vee dee port ets. As shown Table 1 wo eapermeral fps ware used ne csp ot oe, One recto strcn area and expose inva ade that resterg erin cara expose Mga TS20 IO Team k oa) tien Bee Goup 8,013) Beare sete renuton oxpacen te nut sessensen coset cays “Themsteralsconntedo rena tens of oproninaey70 and 45 ‘oid pis wrcetofocu potas ateron onan rate ther \yarar or vcabuay, perce onthe top. The rend pssoes ‘ese at othetarae grammer on ecasay an were the seme or ‘ch run, attou et ernacenert nthe orm wiki pe fetget sours as dove especie! ean Fors econ took the fam of exertion fret graneafloned by om focsed reciente meaning fcised pce wing execs commen ford Imeuert guage teacing mates eeu msvucien erste of ‘eres whee porears nde to gues be meagan wrth “oto, the pron of defn of words ard exces were wort rence 9 be ed incon, mold on snc roto techn rece The gol nas to rowde a videvarty of exes a WH Ne Fores cu oss on bt Frm anamaning of tet Rens; nO |gtenptwor modelo ppt ceaninarctenal etnies a detemne ‘Ber eect on nating, ‘ips cred when paripas wee eps ronnie Is Inthe reading fassanes used foreach ofthe ho ag. Een ecsbusry tem ata romatel src wes this presented wee. Irate forte nti reading ofthe tn focisedprtcbansaterton rearing ade hems ase comprnesen gusto We reered ‘oeach tone the tx, eet at pears hac oasen Senter “ag roma ana vocabulary wer chs sig tees 2 acorant est arnt pian: Cry es cna pars Scoredze0 nine pacoent st are ostaredor hes es ret arma: ths ie repose ota fos cane be le ‘oder tray arn onto nance th pare test Aso redetor Were aden ths dy concering whch sass truism ores ucepleta nti, ol sre eect a 69 erage ors al arta oso vxabuar AI age gam ra vocapdary canbe fon pene ns peviusy sce te dfn of cing wich Robison (0985) popoms isbn or ten eae ft np eed Inweking menor to dene tee record estabished in gt reer Ths fa consous mem esablse, ren sje shove able orca ts expen she ae having Aough ng ter emer: are no means awa} cnsco¥s, De en aM Se ve stosd en he ve tat btcing happens wen sft rocesing ‘exzus so as to make a perancrscus ofa pair srucure. Ths #sucesso aopes, ecard fhe eves sted in ong tm every, on ths ats hous be bevel the expenece of ‘Santer partir prmenatl or, ‘ithe potion efferent etn acres amar and just trong feing that se tn wes encore prevocly 2 ‘edn et, Soe the dein of rating use Ws paper depends on the pean of coecueness ffm the poet of ercuneig [tpi sly heh ton Rome: prev ercortered nat ee zevcane Thutheresa paar ther dincton anda racic ‘ho of tesng wich cn seperate betes these 9 ype of meron “Tat pote, hugh heady ben eacesedinesarehnegiion rremary? Taking (168) epee, ara oes two dtc pes of freer: epsdie memory, hich I manny ef persanayexceenced ‘hers and semen memory whch rear ffs and fometon {6 3) Theteyexncionnere stat epsede memory captures 8 memory tthe enedng ever that ncaa Io momar 6 nets 9 pe oF tloratoy, ate contin whe econo wefan ested ‘erring to Tug, the entng coasts perry epee meray a fesig of reverie that she ansdounes of avg ‘Devon encurteed sem. Seraiematon ene ote on Srapiyamenoy ora foto pace fora whch ist ese wth terest eco of ends. Teresutng conscusesset veri Iremery sa fecing of komng ithe eng bag anarect afc Spc tirana recall space crest whi as ‘Snare Thing cer tat verre Jeers con Be used to ‘etemine whether or not 2 porbeusr manny was asses wth ‘ansverer of erat hetumactenrnteig This roves apostle treba tesng or non acrdnato Rois (995) ema, tec ror ten site proce has reduced cnssus ares an Re nin, the resang memory Weld caresgond to TUNES ‘hod rerery and coe ered ig te Rarer kronor. Intestin fo these wo types of rear, 2 rceoure fas been vege (Gen 188 n resale bs onreeionmenony ovwoasenovetetedon werd Its Us ths precede, prices re {revue to reepond wth emer” reps to ay wd fr when ‘hey tore ache of cocoa encourtrng on 3 ud} ad ta ‘tipo wt raw’ repose to any wed fr wich they nly hve {oor feeling tat naron 9 previ Soy AS, fer ichthey nck rave cnscous memory ercoureng Vorous sts (6.9, Garner 8 {va 980; Gan’ 8a, 199; Gardner Pan, 399) hove shown ‘batt Remember trvon can be obetvd nwa knew ‘essen beta metres moe day cessed wards (recy ‘lctnga revere resprse ad te rssed amor shal Way (jegayeatig Yow espres) Ths Rams ella Yenenber reps conte sing phat he wetkngtes re senin ts sty sees aang whl iow repens, eg erst eesea TE fete, re al coated a bebe produto suse precsang ‘be corsired camps ettn, inthis ntg was tect on ee posta, ppomaly one eck, bowels ad sweels ersten. Th et coated ot ‘two ps. Fs, partonares were msruted 0 read 3500 Wor passe ‘nti age tans (tou any pu eracament) and ashe our ve orale questions. es loving eso rk test recogtion ‘ener bse on the ememberrow stincten was ven deere hetero nt setisans ha nate roma ond vocab he ‘saan bet Ths the frst par fe neta test an be ened ne ‘ut pase, here arpa encountered zens pl onthe vend sar tetesng pase Inte raverg st parcparts weet that ne Zemin ech pt cers nadecured inte tent hey reeds seat eh oe Was (pat te olen ts, portpans were nsrutes teat wheter ther rsporse wa bated yan exerene of remembering feng of wee or wether Rasiya guess (se Append 2oranerampect ‘henovarg mega to jue te veld of te responses, tans covaheon the tent etiang came tom to leet sous. ious thers Were those whch were the ott of tacton or expo and wih Were ‘pean in thet sed he etn es Responses wo ese Nons rove te cor hed presrtedblow and ewe nase he alnrscarcnueston. Greop2ersare these whch were sulle Insracton er exes batch da appear ete es These ‘ere nde lw tobe cece prints wees ght ‘emer sponses because tetera een Pst, owe re reepnce was beste the Rm ad acl apa onthe te A igh “arent atcngf Gop 2 es wd show at arts reson erect hay based nthe a aes ere Rsbuce bee, aethon onhavingben innate ara appesig inherent sein ‘eet tet “Ge thst cleo techie els on sfseprt da inte toxmot pats akg egemeer abst he vey ie peso “fats ct emerberig aed oig, eer ses were taken to ease thereat of ese rezors, es supgesedbyEesson one Son (1983) Fst teforat ofthe exam ae he expects fr responses ware olde othe patpnts previous to est era Ye arpa ‘tee ger ting rd parental re est recon were ey ‘inlereacevereny examples tthe erenbkrow deetin were Grensoestorcnorceteauinton, Sco, fore ach singe the Frsvuctors were apn expnesopatcyant ard the ase dicts ‘nee egainrefoced Ply, med fte te et erg Une each ‘je wes engaged n nol evospecton about and cao oe rowers ich ey one Snce te dics between renerberng nd ‘toning eles on te erator fests fle eperence of ang Row mint potion remorse eet wre probe eer ove se tects dn ocous experience ssc theo) remeber esonsa! sum, nth procedure othe poet med he ling ste: nputwae rose bethroups 2) nstucen eee Wes Cred vt Sepang on expesmera cons) rang wes doe Ih thetesng omat postextone wes gen atbeendot one net which tor ec ole by retspacioncaeaning te enlnation fer Dovvopunte reapers; and 5) posttest vo ar tvee were gen Sroroumaty bn ard weeks afer nection. Results sores onthe rot et nee east so sto rfc eax of Drtpents seepones, Ti ws done by taking it conieraton bath (eta incest enses a ale 2 sere oan nv by “Sac tte oer f onectensirs fam thc arses The results ascare a efecs the acy fe patent's cr ‘able 2 Noticing scores for target grammar and vocabulary forthe Instructed andexposure grou. eT ast Tat 8 tei ‘canmee Men 3s 1077 0s mm M10 © 2S ni uy Bm wR 29 > er mr 60 easy Moor AD RA ME AM BD BIS © 0 mo U5 te 2564 2008 ° or st 99 ‘ats hate rests nee tatsteay sane “Table 2 rests Ue ting sores fo grammar and veabury camparing the stun an exposure goupaosthe Ure eng tres ‘Concereg array canbe nen atthe tracton grup era ‘Se esporure grup tems of otieg each af the Ee teste ts, ithe ference beacon tet grape bing sioner ot ‘fefrtesns te (t= 305,906)" Ts ean be seen tinction nas ast short xm eon neaing tenth ef erarrar a ‘put Aste stance beeen Dene tun athe ese Fos, sores ee love forth he structed and egosre gu, ard Be erences betven eto gps ow sae; too Se gral end forte rstuctin group sit pao bar ban the exes sp. “Ts charge oer te can best be captied nigeria whi raph fhe rae igures irae 2 "Testuson forestry ve ste rebut rp Stns a sgntcatygeate orencen tang cT etfs oe Be egste ‘groupie testing time (¢= 2.203, = 03) ates testo ard ‘ee the cereces been theo groups aes sutanta thhe ‘posi grap ever uterine srt group attain thos te vsits were at Sgnteant. Are? over shows these ‘atereces ne Ths for beth arora and acaba the sed aandin sho mare ting ttt ne ene, wie teres ttn resatemertme” Figure. Accuracy cores fr neicingargetitam grammar forthe Instruction andexposure groups. ~——T=] Figure 2, Accuracy scores for noticing target Item vocabulary for theinetruction and exposure groups Frtnomore ress er zonoranavorabary ing can be marc heads ore ors. et canbe seen in Table 2 ‘oat by comping grrr aang ans venus rater wn fe ‘epanrecorin Dalaba ang cnet aioe res than granimar nth ace al ses tres Thess bt ‘ponmer ens ester nating wn the exposrecordas pet ‘es atase menue er resi une y nto. The erences BX teing tine one ae satel sigan (¢= 2597, p= .016) He ferences si ies ard three re ot. The ree sgt ht ‘wait anyinsbucen but mare thereon path cas aon ne ‘teed the nsing tet Rs eat toroter vrnbuy fan gamma. ‘Second, and dearest othe previ teens etme granary mtg orton enone ‘andbons can te compare, as hw in Table 3. Ths flere between ‘elated ond epsirecondte llshow te sng ef te tect ‘vue, se the sre for nating the rts conto can be scensteing comple fle ofronon ning ps Ur efit sro ela exssed to the Hans inmost. Crsring grammar and ‘cab onbsveraeashowonwinos nron had te gett nos. snes Table 3 3 cllated es of the pecertage oe ‘aa nasg est ut creedby nero. Asan bo seen te tale at bentestg tins, the onmoton totaal ning by nercon eer roma than veal Table 3. Comparisons between grammar and vocabulary noticing cross the to conditions of exposure and instruction, Percentages ‘how the entribation of instruction to feta notin. Pate eRe? RRR a a oe In rama thn he flonng rests nave ben found. Fstnes exgesire for bath grea a vcabin. Seon, the eft of ‘rncran npeaotngoveng, wtedngt haven fe of ‘Totem ater the second wenn these dt. Tir, vcs mare ‘ay ntcastan warm, Ad oath nezucton Masa reer ton ‘ever nti fr grammar ths fr oc. Discussion “seule nter ear igo ate ht ne of ett TREE tomacleones ene som np as bear ewer acoetes peo moat ata whch pene 8 ‘teu oer ot emery eg Renan 8 rn 8 i {Gio nsapestorcocnaren dtomnnpateniet eet eats erat tere csi Does oth Leiner ncn ero ser Fro SESE Se amp omen oa rer Seite he np ironncemng esr treatm Threw oe ps nlatrses wa beer oes Fis, there ia theoretical ink between noting and leering which rate rae wrt. Nog hs neh dw Teetatcernsnonirgso fon tere ey set etapa (es Soi on obengow dsl memare eee ag noun erro oie Soe urine en waradtanstemenctesazpird ie rexoan oe Sadan 9) Tan one apse [Bejan bee once ner ee at at Tian cerca tener where sera cers wanonospecfomsm nod och oun veering ing in he nos Spcipurcet moat ansypeatpt ahs ree CREEL NeGcwwnestesive tater aero eestor hy en bece aa etre Sethe acne ta tt ny ey we poe wh OA aa eters Camere centers wu ore ir rites atta rete wteng separ ing Prete ces ato ene ees ch ae ha 6 eres arent gv the copotunty ensure fas napa ae they ave been kang then they wnt tah what they hoe ard (WHE 1991, Furthermore thecudere presets above torte ning oes ‘a nputbase yon exgsure ponies Gowns belewng ht aren ides encounter, ey cn bacon cone anae rane land vorabuly nerghecramstancs Ths ey mpeton ating ‘Sc eamin doesnot stop ater the son, bik it stereo Sense priv to ler ore ey ae given the opportunity seeker noe Furtermoe tere otetlin tony oestering ating a paste byproduct first, susan otek esto Tat ‘ater thtaing ese ofc mts he ey gale win, ‘sores of ptr ranma forms er erty Ras cod be 9 tet on-vel ist step Ob ge he is woul be que eas ‘ented nconscousessabng or eomoréerotasad tegen appences( , 183, 1980), These comprehen base proces _renteworyithatcoreetensn does opens bellman processing rericins wn may make proaicion an uatorabie ges (Penamane, 1888 rothese ears, decanting one gzlotteacing appesto been asain oudaton. Coreg ferences betneen rare and cba nig, ‘tosoresus abo gps at oect eet lace le nareton ie inne eres theron ref ranma np Vek Sams ‘obemizh ease’ te become avareofnatualy, andy ravucton edo ghar ls recy of ranma than cal Th, oven te inte ‘unt tinea snr in the aerogecass00%, WoL seem ha Bfeas on grates form woud be waar. ‘eal thecassoam ay eo Hes peo epee td races retin and anorenss othe festive of put Inthe et lace, _terton Which otros 3 ted capac stam arts ak anes onsrevearthatmect ryt eer kor ea eS (Gin i, 194 Ssh, 996 Te ovanesplcesonleamers whan ‘hoy encour Wout natural commune may dete aera esares othe om whee conch retin fom abe ay. Inte ssn, thou, tents an erie ngut 2 te Seed and entole emiarmat. Ths one role of Warucion cous Be eee Sppreprats tao wn encouge te nschg np Fuhrer, Ue assoc hs pte fo developing err ul abit ous| lnpttr uttering Berend etara fit sch sk done and Tee pu encore, mdi eerences and wid ences ‘enunciated nthe pu (Seta, 198), The dsscom, ‘farcon a pce where arer oro an be vege by Pel ‘Selene deep ananarenessol fm min: ‘ina, eda peertedin hs sty erpasn tat teen nprtan toro coe wth reltonslpbeween insti 3 eigen shown tat bo wees after nstucton Be ferences TERRES aremon group andthe exposure group wee mc saber an ‘sutras wih a neck ser nsoucton, when rag was Stora Sfeceaty nsession Movughtte aac ee ees. mtg not Seip er sees do open to be shor hed Tis means at for (rnels to tecame owners is mp trough nstrucin, the ut viz beenaumered sonar wsouctin fr there tbe a peri fr ether aringar afore ‘Conclusion “hissy as shown that nso a ed to eels of onsus ‘Jaen ornang, farm ond vorabuay not soiicaty ijoree man mer esponie does Furermee ns can be awn ‘iscen retcion sting an ein such ha the stoma be Sianane te reno pomotng, developing a ercourag he ting ‘From inptas an adational ep towerslongage ans, Notes “re esearch repeted on ere subset of ager research project (Pera 200 (ihe pes af pecessng mere May 2 esi in avoreess woud Be rele ta uemere eaboraton and mare cocetialy rater than pretty ven R00, 585. pectoris shown bye aity to ett the same Ro hasbeen prey encore, ie tered oe format ws ised tore espa Hs ‘hou teu be tao hat sujet nee eter beable {Overbeek tha expereeefr tbe cere atan rare iantetn, Vertes of ese sos ae cea ot passbe not “te that node to contr fr the Type ere ite dt the we ot mult, of apa ate of 31 nar esablchedare wed wth ted es "Agno oted beeen secon 4, ac test nce ter tas (rou 2 ams) wee nvovesin eth insructionor expose bik whch were Ft sedin etter net Ts was done to check thereby of he (ia Bar groupe towed postive creo tee Rens sey ey ‘ce these Bens on tees ona o sats scant ferences ‘ner found been the to tetment ups ny tegen eer (gerear recy. Ts ably estnquch etree ers ih Were hears preousy ard whch wee eteoureed inter sed nthe ‘tong ests port tel ofthe dla calleon messes. References, te, (1992), erent et 2 Oder Morne res. nas, 3B (1883). esc ofcegnton Cambridge, Mos anaranversy Pres. ‘ans, 83-1988). copie theory of consousass.Cambrdge: Cabrige ersty Pres. ce (1998). pg mamer an corso awareness nA. Cols, Tom, Cony, 5.6 cater & PE Mors (8), Tears a ‘mary. 168168) Hfedle1:LamereErboum Ascites ‘terre M_ (1895). Leaming second nguage pram ils: Aa ‘erent wt 8 mie Iguisesatem. Ses Sec (Bapeape Aust, 1737940 Deke FM (198) Ber fous on fom: Cope perspectives on cag an practiong seca ng rma Inc Doty 2. ils (2), foes 2 am cso nguape aust (pn.42 63). Camas: Comtrge Une rss. is, W198). Consiusess in seen guage eng: Payclogea Despectes on tesla ef conecoue prone i voabuay Sequin. ALL Revo 243786 fis, R (9850) Inerrtaton based rane teaching. Stem 21,6 ‘sR (1983). The structural slabs and second ngioge sz, TESOL Query 27 91-13 eon Kk RS, (1993), ana ra ert aslat rend), Cambridge, ass: The MT Pres. cordnes3 1988) Fnctona aspects ofrecer experience. Mery ‘cpa, 16,3093 corde, He fl (190), Rance exec wor ar ron ‘word tezonion. Mere & Cogn 16 230 arsine 3M Ba, 1 (151 Frpetingin eeapiton moray wth “re wibanrehetve experence. Mri & Capito, 18617- corsa Ha Pan.) (1960) tenton andrei epenen Thresopwtn ema Moray’ Capito 18 S756. css (198), ene arena osc ng.ene ‘des, Apled Lngusicy 8 198 217 ty. (982), Retanton of fered ard gen word mesigs ‘epee era weabury earig. nF. Anaud 8. om (cabo and apo gusts (11325). london: Monta EB ashen © 196), seed nauae acon and second argue ‘cog Oster: Papen. eave 5 1985), Teint pte: ses and mpc Lane ‘naan ect, 0 (200) Arion are cnscouses i sein ange "reuaton: artesian pte ees ein cn ‘ped overeat, Ueto PRS, Prenemann M (190), Pycionpes conse on te eseaty oF IGrouees stn Seca Language Actor, 6166216 otnsn 9 (1985). Atnton, menor ard the ting PyPENES. anguage Leaning, #52822. sdf (1950) Oxcemucrgascoaress hecho tl eS fo ogphoctglitin AIA Rev, 1,112, sch, (198). omar and ere angsge arnt ‘ool of mention and avarerasin ering Ta, Stig (Gap uneven ad anavenes eign ngage earig Op 5) onde Sean anaage Teething & Cau Cre tants, 0. sh nH (19), Caracol Murer tering sates. Goavoratand Bra Soe 17 367-7 Stara kh (983) lnptenhomanet suc SUk Tera ‘beses. Aces Sxond argue Acavt 25 16979 stetan #108) sete appr engage iaring Ofer: afer ive sn, (995) ein open ge ig. ora 8 sear, peo ce hed son ath 5 Oot Sao Hap 5 (95) hose asta the ees erg A ep tr se tugs in Sed pas 163190 Tem (59) Aton hcgaesr and Ser Ieotmpon nn ‘act (on) ey nacorengge sists Acta _Secand Language Research 14, 103-135. teen ‘avin, € (1985), Memory and eascousess. Cnadon cay, 265, te L 1551 Ader placement inser anqage cq: Some “tte of postive and negate eideee nthe cesta Seca language Reser 7, 32. ‘Appendix 3 ‘Target grammar and vocabulary items used for testing eam ce ceterce phasis sie ‘tae oe pte ho ae a ay sede emphasng es lWraccur gue W950 49 arOm path esses with ed clement ‘ne rent apeecatd Ms Shown she “havea ves constcton: Wehada kok verte sie “pea ver constuction: We cece ot ave swing 2 asain: nen pot my ren. a aous: Verbs: = Aetnes: Aber Meche bey pour) eBoy Propeniy deteforat Reresan eapese ‘wane ‘Appendix 2 ‘Examples of the layout of testing items on the noticing test for grammar and vocabulary, ecb vox ere pf ts. You som hi zk ne ne rea pssge You st ren by oo nee odie hon meh YOU nthe eng an ¥ tha er. Ne ‘Sones nate ya ‘revgrenona te. saree pam] 8 eter > whatow gute ad wastocita | 0. guesect sue {Loom pot. — I Donald W. Peckham PhD. teachesat the eparmentof English Language Teacher Education and Applied ingutties atthe University of Szeged. Ideology and discourse in language pedagogy and contrastive language studies Magnucané God6 Agnes Introduction wad, when an inende aunt ot Komlage and formations public eelabe trou arousal me, when bodes oe emolsted internsofenploymer, communication a tur, aden oa pnt bare afalerber cf he, tears tro ‘oregnbagazs one wen Engi) val oon eral ester sea set ogden ana "Gngoge sich a5 Eg st ol whch ors equal fete in rybodrs hands. However policy core Seams to speak of wor leh Eich gine cnet bel ect whe i Joel cannula a shred inguin Ks fc 38 ‘ayo channel rsh ad ren ctr ond eractonal exsatons Im natonal ceenuncaton, esa ad ngiese peda. TAS recast ema Era afore rcng ge, arty a ans ts baat Masse by ative Speak anda they wl alaysbe ss ree ad les ier ers fhe donna ‘ote anes they ea ere satus terete. “eset hi ari wood re sal demon how the eno SL rsh a a Secon Language and EFL (Els a3 Foren Lion eer iene as reo tine ‘abe ugg ant std wien rete eance formal ‘Sandrce iterations commit,» n-udgenana tne in © roy tre 9, tanta ge 2940