VeTERS iS maret act FAGIOS or ale OF
IN MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, 0.000.
NEGROES FOUND A NEW Waly TO WORK
FOR FREEDOM, WITHOUT VIOLENCE AND
WITHOUT HATING. BECAUSE THEY
DID, THEY FUT NEW HOPE IN ALL MEN
WHO SEEK BROTHERHOOD, AKO WHO
KNOW YOU GON'T BUILD IT WITH BULLETS,
NO ONE PERSON MADE THE MONTGOMERY
‘STORY, BUT ONE MAN'S NAME STOOD:
OUT. AMONG, “THE HUNDREDS WHO
WORKED 50 HARD AND UNSELFISHLY.
THAT MAN WAS 28-YEAR-OLD
MARTIN: LUTHER KING, JR, MINISTER
OF THE DEXTER ANENUE ‘BAPTIST
CHURCH AND PRESIDENT OF THE
MONTGOMERY IMPROVEMENT
ASSOCIATION.
“THE BASIC BOOK IN THE KING HOUSE AMLARTIN FINISHED HIGH SCHOOL AT IS AND ENTERED
WAG THE BIBLE. FROM IT YOUNG MARTIN MOREHOUSE COLLEGE IN ATLANTA. THERE HE WORKED
LY LEARNED JESUS’ TEACHINGS WITH THE CITY'S INTERCOLLEGIATE CHRIGTIAN COUNCIL,
ABOUT LOVE AND ITS POWER. WITH BOTH WHITE AND
~ COLORED. BOWE OF 44g DON'T LIKE
OISCRIMINATION, EITHER,
\ TIN. ya
AT cRozER SEMINARY, ONE OF WHILE He GTUbIED For. Pip. NORTHERN CHURCHES
SIX NEGROES AMONG NEARLY ICO DEGREE AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY WERE OPEN OnE YOUNS:
Pepa HE WAG ELECTED PRGGI- HE MET ANO MARRIED. CORETTA AAINISTER, BUT IN MAR
BENT OF THE STUDENT BoDY AND ‘ScoTT, A PRETTY 5 TIM LUTHER KING AND His.
GRADUATED AT THE HEAD OF HISoa Las) NONTEOMERY, ALABAMA... 2 | CALL ME JONES. MY NAME DOESNT
MATTER. BUT IY STORY'S IMPORTANT
* TM_A PEACEFUL FOR YOU AS WELL AS ME. WE'RE ALL,
\- CAUGHT UP IN IT IN
ONE WAY OR ee
ANOTHER!
HAVE TO USE IT SOME
Da. naw 2 CONT KNOW.
TLE IN MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, I LOVE PEorLe Live SCARED UNDER JIM CROW
MONTGOMERY, BUT T'Ve HATED TT, TOO. ANEGRO I WAS SCARED, TOO, YOU NEVER KNOW
ANYWHERE IN THE DEGP SOUTH HAS A HARD TIME. WHEN SOMETHING MIGHT BUST OUT AND
JHA CROW SITS MIGHTY HEAVY ON AMAN'S SPIT, I HAVE A WIFE AND BABY.
Now TAKE ROSA PARKS. SHE REALLY HAD cOyRaGa,
SAT THERE IN THE BUS THAT NIGHT AND JUST
QUIETLY SAID NO_WHEN THE BUS DRIVER TOLD HER
‘TO GIVE HER SEAT TO A WHITE MAN.
DEFEND Wy RAJAILY |
LATELY I'VE STARTED ‘|
TO WONDER IF THAT
REALLY WOULO
BE COURAGE,{BECAUSE SHE WAS TIRED AND HER Fecracmcay AHAT NIGHT LCOULON'T SLECE 7 Mao
ROSA PARKS REFUSED TO GNE UP HER SEATINS So yone Ue UAT WIFE
THE BUS. ROSA PARKS WAS ARRESTED. :
I ceciceo 70 TALK TO SOME OF MAY FRIENDS,
THE VERY NEXT DAY. TESTING WHAT HAD HAPPENED TO ROSA
INS FOR A ONE-DAY BoY-
THEY WAKE US MOVE IE | corr or me elses.
ANY WHITE PERSOM WANTS.
OUR SEAT. WE OUGHT TO
PROTEST-- ANO NOT RIDE. 2
‘THE BUSES FOR A Day,
‘OUR LITTLE SHEET.
EVERYONE WILL KNOW
WHAT TO DO.1.08 ROQE IN A FRIEND'S
CAR... OR HITCHED A RIDE
‘WITH NEGRO TAXI DRIVERS.
‘OUR PROTEST 1S
A SUCCESS! NOCNE'S
RIDING THOSE BUSES,
‘Duging THe DAY WE FORMED A COMMITTEE. TH
"THE CRowOS WERE HUSE. WE USED
NIGHT WE HAD MEETINGS IN THE CHURCHES.
LOUDSPEAKERS 60 THAT THOSE WHO
COULON'T GET IN couLD NEAR WHAT
WE'RE CALLING OURSELVES THE || WHS, HAPPENING FROW OUT ON THE
MONTGOMERY IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION. at WANT SOU TO
WE'RE GOING TO SEE TOIT THAT fae EET THE LEADER WE
NEGROES ARE TREATED FAIRLY IN
THE BUSES OF MONTSOMERY,.
(AT Tuat TIME 1 RNEW JARTIN LUTHER KIN
OMLY SLIGHTLY, BUT I SON LEARNED THAT A
NEW AND IMPORTANT LEADER HAD COME ON
THE SCENE ONE AMERICA WOULD FEEL PROUD.
OF.
‘YOU ALL KNOW OF THE Success CF
OUR ONE-DAY PROTEST. BUT A SINGLE
DAY 1S NOT ENOUGH. LET'S S7aY
OFF THE BUSES.
UNTIL WE CAN RIDE
THEM WITH DIGNITY,
LETS WALK 70
FREEDOM!
ha
HAVE CHOSEN TODAY,
REVEREND MARTIN
THIS IS A NONVIOLENT PROTEST AGAINST
INJUSTICE. OUR CHIEF WEAPONS ARE MORAL
AND: SPIRITUAL FORCES. WE DEPEND ON
LOVE! LOVE AND GOODWILL TOWARD ALL
MEN UST BE AT
THE FOREFRONT OF,
‘OUR MOVEMENT
IE IT 1S 70 BE
SUCCESSFUL.WALK WITH GIGNITY...THAN
RIDE IN HUMILIATION!
IND $0 BEGAN THE W.ALM 70 FREEDOM. CURING THE DOY WE WALKED.,..AT NIGHT WE
HELD PRAYER MEGTINGS. _/)
‘ARE. WE GOING TO RIDE YESS BETTER TO
“THOSE BUSES?
‘ARE WE GOINS
We WaLien AND WALKED ANO WALKED..AND "THINGS WERE GOING ALMOST TOO GOOD. THERE
SOMETIMES THUMBED A RIDE LIKE ANY WITCH: WAS BOUND TO BE TROUBLE.
ROOM FOR EVERYEOOY! STEP.
RIGHT IN--THEAE'S NO CHARGE!
THAT'S JUST GREAT!
OTHERWISE I HAVE TO
WALK FOUR MILES:
STHE Pouce OFFICERS KEPT BOTHERING UB.
TH STOPPED MARTIN LUTHER King'é car. | WE WEREN'T GONG TO SNE UR! We
ny WEN sreeren See DECIDED TO BUY STATION WAGONS WITH
TRIBUTION SENT IN. BY WHITE AND
NESRO SYMPATHIZERS ALL OVER
‘THE COUNTRY,;. SOMETHING HAPPENED ON THAT ARS, KING WAS AT HOME TALKING TO A
THAT TOUCHED #1 HEART AND DID SOMBTHING "FRIEND... .
MART LUTHER ug ys SPEAKING AT Ap CORRTTA EON WHY DONT HS,
REVERENO KING! FIRST THINS 1 WANT YOU TO
KNOW IS THAT CORETTA ANO THE BABY ARE ALL
RIGHT, THEN T'VE GOT TO TELL YOU THEY'VE JUST,
EXPLODED A BOMB IN YOUR HaME! +
JARTIN LUTHER KING RUSHEO HOME. A CROWO WAS Laren,» WE WALKED BACK THROUGH
“GATHERED pee THEY WERE IN AN ANGRY MOOD, THE NISHT TO
FO ANSWER VIOLENCE WITH VIOLENCE. AND THEN CUR HOMES...
KING SPOKE TO THEM.
WE ARE baine 1s aigii, WHat
WE ARE CONG,‘THouGH We TRIEO TO LOVE OUR ENEMIES, THEIR
HEARTS WERE NOT SOFTENED TOWARD US, IN
THEIR ATTEMPT TO BREAK UP CUR GUS PROTEST,
THEY INDICTED 95 OF CUR LEADERS, INCLUDING *
E.D. NICON, OF THE SLEEPING
"THOSE ARRESTS WERE LAST MINUTE DESPERA-
‘TON MEASURES GN THE PART OF THOSE WHO
KNEW THAT SOME: DAY SOON, RISHT AND
USTICE WOULD PREVAIL,
AS REVEREND RALPH
ABERNATHY SAID...
— AT THIS MOMENT,
THE SUPREME COURT
IS CONSIDERING OUR,
CASE AGAINST THE
BUS COMPANY. ONE
DAY SOON WE ARE
GOING BACK TO THE
BUSES. WE MUST
GET READY FOR
MOVE ALONG,
THERE! GET
TO THE BACK
‘OF THE BUS!
THANK SOU, MR. BUS
DRIER, BUT THE BACK
15 CROWDED. 1 THINK
TLL TAKE THIS EMPTY
WE WERE THRILLED 7o $6 Many cr OUR
LEADERS SURRENDER WITHOUT GEING HUNTED
owt
We Bean 10 MAKE PREPARATIONS.
FOR WHAT WE WIGULD DO WHEN WE
GOT BACK ON THE BUSES. THINGS
WOULD BE DIFFERENT. WE ACTED IT
NOW, Tmt THE BUS
DRIVER, ANO CATHER-
INE HERE ICOM
ING ABOARD 19
Patt HER FARE.
AND SHE'S _4
COMING IN
THROUGH
WONT HELP,
HOW WE GOT
Dut wusT
READY 70.60.
BUSES. 10
MAKE SURE
We WOULD Nor
Be ACCUSED
OF MIOLENCE,
WE DECIDED:
TO Case
OUR HANDS
IW OUR LAPS:
AND NOT USE
THEM ABAINGT |
‘ANYONE,
NO MATTER
WHAT
HAPPENED.ON DECEMBER 21, WE WENT BACK ON THE
BUSES. SOMEONE SHOUTED VILE AND ABUSE
SUPREME | WORDS AT A YOUNG FELLOW WHO WAG GETTING
ONCE T WOULD HAVE:
BUS SEGREGATION GOTTEN SORE ABOUT THAI
HLLEGAL IN | ANO SHOUTED DIRTY WORDS
BACK-AND MAYBE HIT
3 BACK! 7
Bur Now (7 was OFFERENT FOR ALL OF US. WE NE BUS ORWER MADE A WOMAN PAY
ALL JUST SMILED. AND THAT DIOGOMETHING HER FARE TWICE. ee
TD THE MAN WHO SHOUTED. THE NEWSPAPER peas
FELLOWS TOO HIS PICTURE... AC Se Ren
TAM! BUTITS) TDON'T WANT YOU
HEY! YOU'RE SMILING! 7 PRETTY HARO TO.
THOUGHT YOU WERE aD }{ STAY MAD WHEN
‘AT THESE PEOPLE! THEY DON'T FisiaT
We a
(ON ANOTHER BUS, SOMEONE SLAPPED A
AN,
I COULD REALLY WALLCR HIM
HE'S SMALLER THAN ME!
BUT I'M GOING TO REMEM-
BER WHAT REVERENO KINGne KeU RLU KLAN BARDEN TH eer StnoaTe . (CROSSES WERE BURNED IN THE NIGHT...
ONE OF THE HOMES BOMBED WAS THAT OF REVEREND
ROBERT GRAETZ, WHITE PASTOR OF A NEGRO LUTHERAN
CHURCH, WHO HAD BEEN ONG OF U6 RIGHT FROM THE
1AM PLANTING A TREE IN THIS
PONE CRATER TO REMIND US THAT
INTHE wIDET OF OSS TH, THERE,
ID HOPE.
Negro CHURCHES WERE BOMBED AND AN UNEX-
PLODED BOMB WAS FOUND GN KING'S FRONT.
PORCH, BUT NOW MONTGOMERY'S LAW-ABIDING
WHITE ‘CITIZENS TURNED AGAINST THE VIOLENCE,
GOT To STOR ‘AGREE, SPREADING. I'VE THROWN MY GUM AWA’
Tene tongues age Were ue el FF HAD GOTTEN MUCH TOO HEAVY FOR ME
EVER TO LIFT AgAIN!MARTIN LUTHER KING TELLS
HOW A NATION WON ITS FREEDOM
a THE MONTGOMERY METHOD
ang BEFORE OUR. WALK 70 FREEDOM,
een ey tae. PEOPLE WON =
"AAAHATMA GANDHI STARTED HIS
CAMPAIGN FOR FREEDOM IN INGA
IN 1919. IT LOGHED era THE
sani AND AGAIN THEY PUT GANDHI IN
BUT THAT DID NOT STOP Hin.
HE WOULD er ae Tine
AND A We WAS,
“STHE NEW CAMPAIGN MEANT SUFFERING AN
EVEN DBATH, WHEN GANDHI CALLEO ON THE
PECPLE TO FAST AND PRAY TO PROTEST A BAD
i, THE BRITISH SHOT DOWN HUNDREDS OF
‘THEM AT AMRITSAR. IT RAISED HORRIFIED
PROTESTS ALL OVER THE WORLD.” ges
Missin oF OFT REORER PROM IN OIA WER
CALLED 'UNTOUE }! THEY COULD NOT EVEN
tise Tee Pusu Hi Hornet GANGA RENAMED THEA,
'HARLJAN CHILDREN OF $00, Ai AND ‘te THEM TO
STAND IN THE FORBIDDEN ROAD, IF TOGK 16 MONTHS
OF STANDING, an SEN en TH es GAVE IN AND“THE BRMSH PUT 4 TAX ON SALT, AND SAID. my
INDIANS COULD NOT MAKE THEIR GWM SALT. U aeee oe e Btio 10 Meee coNTASL
GANDHI WALKED WITH HIS FOLLOWERS 200. Ld ie
REC eee THEIR JAILS WERE FILLED WITH INGIA'S
BEST-LOVED LEADERS, INCLUOING SUCH MEN.
CETHERING SOUT, (ees AS NEURU, WHO LATER BECAME PRIME
SCON THE Se, fi MINISTER.”
JAILS WERE
AND THE
BRITISH
“Besices, THE NEWS THAT BAINSH FINALLY THE BRITISH GAVE IN AND GRANTED INDIA'S
SOLDIERS WERE SHOOTING UNARMED ~\ INDEPENDENCE, GANDHI HAD MADE A REVOLUTION
(MEN AND WOMEN ANC PUTTING LEADERS. bpm RING A SHOT.” ge= ;
IN JAIL, WAS TROUBLING THE BRITIGH AT /_iaere —
HOME.”
THE VOTERS IN MY DIS—
TRET DON'T LIKE WHAT
WERE
IT WAGNT EAGY. IT TOOK YEARS OF NONVIOLENT STRUGGLE, MANY
LONG HOURS OF PRAYER ANO SUFFERING. THE INOVANS WERE SHOT
AND BEATEN, BUT NEVER LICKED, THEY WON THEIR FREEDOM-ANO
SOMETHING ELSE, 700. THEY WON THE FRIENDSHIP ANO RESPECT OF
THE GRITISH, THiS 1S THE UNUSUAL THING ABOUT NONWOLENCE—
NOBODY | DEFEATED, EVERVEODY SHARES INTHE VICTORY.IN MONTGOMERY WE USED THIS NONVIOLENT CHRETIAN
ACTION TO GET JIM CROW OFF THE BUSES. IT CAN BE
USEO ANYWHERE, THOUGH, AGAINST ANY KIND OF
EVIL. HERE IS HOW IT WORKS, 4
Fiesr, remenger THAT
YOU CAN DO SOMETHING
ABOUT. THE SITUATION,
WOT JUST THE
GOVERNMENT, OR SOME
BIG ORGANIZATION, BUT
YOU. GOD SAYS YOu
(ARE IMPORTANT. HE NEEDS
YOUTO CHANGE THINGS.
THe
SECOND THING
“1S (AUCH HARDER.
GOD Loves YOUR ENEMY,
00, AND THAT MAKES
HIM WPORTANT TO “100.
YOU HANE TO SEE HIM
AS A HUNAN BEING, LIKE
‘YOURSELF. YOY. HAVE
TO_TRY To. uNDER-
STAND HIM AND
SYMPATHIFE WITH
HIM.
To see your ENEMY AS
(A HUMAN BEING, YOU HAVE
‘TO 6TOP SEEING HIM AS
“YOUR ENEMY. EVEN WHEN
HE DOES CRUEL, HEART:
LESS THINGS TO.0U, HE
IS A CHILD OF GOO, HE'S
‘YOUR BROTHER, EVEN WHEN
HE HURTS YOU.Harcest of ALL, You HAVE
TO HELP YOUR ENEMY TO SEE
YOUAS A HUMAN BEING. HE
aS TOSEE YOU AS A PERSON
Tru 6s easier FoR HIM 70 S88 YoU THIS WAY.
JR-YOU ACT LIKE A BROTHER. $0, EVEN WHEN HE
TRIES TO HURT YOU, YOU MUST NOT STRIKE BACK.
EVEN IN YOUR THOUGHTS, YOU MUST MOT STRIKE
BACK. YOU MUST GO ON LOVING HIM. LIKE THE
SCHOALSIRL UF TLE ROCK, 0U A ‘MUST SAY,
FATHER, FORGIVE THEM, FOR
Trey haow NOT WHEAT MEY Bo,”
“OU
THIS WAY. FOU HAVE TO D0.
SOMETHING TO STOP HIM,
yt LOVE, THOUSH, YOU
AWAY THE REASON FORNExt, BG cure You ARE READY, JOIN
WITH OTHERS. WHO FEEL THE WAY YOU DO.
- MAKE SURE
MONTGOMERY.
YOU CAN FACE ANY GPPOsI-
TION WITHOUT HITTING
BACK, OR RUNNING AWAY,
‘OR HATING.
way
OR HOW LONG THE STRUGGLE, WHEN
MY FRIEND, THE REV. RALPH ABERNATHY,
FOUND HIMSELF ABOUT 70 BE PUT IN
AIL IN MONTGOMERY, HE PRAYED,
"GOD, I’M AFRAID 1 6070 ualL.
IVE NEVER SEEN IN JAIL BEFORE.
IT 60,600, WILL YOU GO WITH MER"(AND GOD ANSWERED,
YRALPH, YOU GO AHEAD
TOUAIL, AND WHEN YOU GET
THERE, You'LL FINDME WAITING
THERE FOR YOU." THAT'S HOW IT
WILL BE WITH YOU, TOO. WHEN THE
GOING GETS HARDEET, IF You REMAN
‘TRUE. TO CHRISTIAN LOVE, YOU'LL
FIND GOD WAITING THERE FOR YOU,
HOLDING ‘YOU AND SUPPORTING
YOU, GIVING YOU A VICTORY
FAR BEYOND WHAT YOU