Ana Mara Albornoz R.

Ejercicios resueltos
1. Calcular los siguientes lmites algebraicos
x2 + 1
22 + 1
5
=
=
2
2
x2 x 1
2 1
3

1) lm

x2 2x + 1
12 21 + 1
0
x2 2x + 1
(x 1)2
=
=
pero
l
m
=
l
m
=
x1
x1
x1 x(x2 1)
x3 x
13 1
0
x3 x

2) lm

(x 1)
11
0
(x 1)2
= lm
=
= =0
x1 x(x 1)(x + 1)
x1 x(x + 1)
1(2)
2
lm

(x 1) 2 x
0
(x 1) 2 x
(x 1) 2 x
3) lm
= , pero lm
= lm
=
x1
x1
x1 (1 x)(1 + x)
1 x2
0
1 x2

(1 x) 2 x
1 2 x
1
lm
= lm
=
x1 (1 x)(1 + x)
x1
1+x
2
1
3
1
3

lm

= que es una forma indetermi3

x1 1 x
1 x x1 1 x 1 x3
nada.
1
3
1
3
Pero lm

= lm

=
3
x1 1 x
x1
1x
1 x (1 x)(1 + x + x2 )

4) lm

3)
(1 + x + x2 3)
(1 + x + x2 )

=
l
m
=
x1
1x
(1 x)(1 + x + x2 ) x1 (1 x)(1 + x + x2 )
lm

(x2 + x 2)
(x 1)(x + 2)
=
l
m
=
x1 (1 x)(1 + x + x2 )
x1 (1 x)(1 + x + x2 )
lm

(1 x)(x + 2)
(x + 2)
3
= lm
=
= 1
2
2
x1 (1 x)(1 + x + x )
x1 (1 + x + x )
3
lm

x+2
x4
x+2
x4
+
=
l
m
+
=
x1 x2 5x + 4
3(x2 3x + 2) x1 (x 4)(x 1) 3(x 2)(x 1)

5) lm

3(x + 2)(x 2) + (x 4)(x 4)

3(x2 4) + (x 4)2 )
= lm
=
x1
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)
3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)
lm

4x2 8x + 4
3x2 12 + x2 8x + 16
= lm
=
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)
lm

4(x2 2x + 1)
4(x2 2x + 1)
= lm
=
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)
lm

4(x 1)2
4(x 1)
0
= lm
=
=0
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)(x 1)
x1 3(x 4)(x 2)
24
lm

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

2 + x 3x3
6) lm
= lm
x 5 x2 + 3x3
x

2+x3x3
x3
5x2 +3x3
x3

2
3
lm x5
x
x3

x
x3
x2
x3

3x3
x3
3x3
x3

0+03
= 1
00+3

x3
x3 x(x2 + 1)
x3 x3 x
x

x
=
l
m
=
l
m
= lm 2
=
2
2
2
x x + 1
x
x
x x + 1
x +1
x +1
x2
0
lm x2 x 1 =
=0
x
1
+
0
+
2
2
x
x

7) lm

x2 +13 x
x2 +1
2
3 xx
x +13 x
x
x
8) lm
= lm
= lm
4 3
4 3
x +5xx
x +5x
x 4 x3 + 5x x
x
x
xx
x
x
q
q

3
x2 +1
1 + x12 3x
x1/2
1+00
x2
= lm q
= lm q
= 1
=
4
x 4 x3 +5x
x 4 1
5
0+01
+

1
x
x3
x4

1 + x2 1
Racionalizando obtenemos
x0
x

1 + x2 1 1 + x2 + 1
1 + x2 1

lm
= lm
=
x0
x
1 + x2 + 1 x0 x( 1 + x2 + 1)

9) lm

x
0
x2

= lm
= =0
2
2
x0
x0 x( 1 + x + 1)
2
1 + x + 1)
lm

x12
Racionalizando obtenemos
x5
x5

x12 x1+2
x14
x5

lm
= lm
= lm
=
x5
x5
x5
x5
x1+2
(x 5)( x 1 + 2)
(x 5)( x 1 + 2)
1
1
lm
=
x5
4
x1+2

10) lm

3
7 + x3 3 + x2
7 + x3 3 + x2 + 2 2
11) lm
= lm
=
x1
x1
x1
x1

3
7 + x3 2
3 + x2 2
lm

Racionalizando cada fraccion obtenemos:

x1
x1
x1
p

3
7 + x3 2 3 (7 + x3 )2 + 2 3 7 + x3 + 4
3 + x2 2 3 + x2 + 2
p

lm
=

3
x1
x1
x1
3 + x2 + 2
(7 + x3 )2 + 2 3 7 + x3 + 4

lm

x1

lm

x1

(7 + x3 ) 8
3 + x2 4

=
(7 + x3 )2 + 2 3 7 + x3 + 4) (x 1)( 3 + x2 + 2)

(x 1)

p
3

(x 1)

p
3

x3 1

(7 + x3 )2 + 2 7 + x3 + 4)

x2 1

=
(x 1)( 3 + x2 + 2)

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

(x 1)(x + 1)
(x 1)(x2 + x + 1)
p

=
3
x1 (x 1) 3 (7 + x3 )2 + 2 7 + x3 + 4)
(x 1)( 3 + x2 + 2)
lm

((x2 + x + 1)
(x + 1)

=
3
3
2
3
(7 + x ) + 2 7 + x + 4) ( 3 + x2 + 2)

lm p
3

x1

1+1+1
2
3
2
1 2
1

=
= =
4+4+4 2+2
12 4
4 4
4
12) lm

(x + m)(x + n) x Racionalizando queda:

p
p
(x + m)(x + n) + x
(x + m)(x + n) x2
lm (x + m)(x + n)x p
= lm p
=
x
(x + m)(x + n) + x x (x + m)(x + n) + x

x2 + (m + n)x + mn x2
(m + n)x + mn
p
= lm p
Dividiendo
2
x
x
(x + m)(x + n) + x
x + (m + n)x + mn + x
por la
potencia mas grande de x, que es x2 queda:
lm

lm q

(m + n) +

mn
x

(m+n)
x

mn
x2

1+

(m + n) + 0
m+n
=
=
2
1+0+0+1
+1

1
3
1
3
4 + 2x + x2 3
13) lm

= lm

= lm
=
x2 2 x 8 x3
x2 2 x (2 x)(4 + 2x + x2 )
x2 (2 x)(4 + 2x + x2 )
4+4+1
x2 + 2x + 1
=
=
2
x2 (2 x)(4 + 2x + x )
0
lm

8x2 1
1
14) lm1 2
= =
0
x 2 6x 5x + 1
lm1

x 2

8x2 2x 1
(2x 1)(4x + 1)
4x + 1
2+1
3
= lm1
= lm1
= 3
= 1 =6
2
6x 5x + 1 x 2 (3x 1)(2x 1) x 2 3x 1
1
2
2

3x4 2x + 1
Dividiendo por la potencia mas grande de x que es x4 queda:
x 3x2 + 6x 2

15) lm

lm

3 x23 + x14
3
=
3
6
2 =
0
+ x3 x4
x2

x2 + 4 2
x2 + 4 2 x2 + 4 + 2 x2 + 9 + 3

16) lm
= lm
=
x0
x2 + 9 3 x0 x2 + 9 3 x2 + 4 + 2 x2 + 9 + 3

(x2 + 4 4)( x2 + 9 + 3)
(x2 )( x2 + 9 + 3)

lm
= lm
=
x0 (x2 + 9 9)( x2 + 4 + 2)
x0 (x2 )( x2 + 4 + 2)

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

x2 + 9 + 3
0+9+3
6
3
3+3
lm
=
=
= =
2
x0
2+2
4
2
0+4+2
x +4+2

17) lm

x4

1 + 2x 3
= lm
x4
x4

1 + 2x 3 1 + 2x + 3
1 + 2x 9

= lm
=
x4
1 + 2x + 3 x4 (x 4)( 1 + 2x + 3)

2(x 4)
2
2x 8

= lm
= lm
=
x4
x4
(x 4)( 1 + 2x + 3)
(x 4)( 1 + 2x + 3)
1 + 2x + 3
2
1
=
6
3

lm

x4

3x + x
x
Primero calcularemos lm x usando el teorema del Sandwich.
x
x 3 2x
x 3
x
x
x
1
Sabemos que 3x x3 Para x > 3 Por lo tanto x 3 ademas x x por
3
x
3
3
lo que
1
x
x
1
x
1
podemos afirmar que: x x 3 x x 2 Aplicando lmite
3
3
x
3
3
x
1
x
1
x
x
lm x lm x lm 2 0 lm x 0 Por lo que lm x = 0
x 3
x 3
x x
x 3
x 3

18) lm

Dividiendo el limite que queremos calcular por 3x queda:

1 + 3xx
1 + 3xx
3x + x
1+0
lm x
= lm
=1
=
l
m
= lm
x
2x
x 3 2x
x 1 x
x 1 2 x
x 1 2(0)
3
3

x2 + 1
Dividiendo por la potencia mas grande de x que es x queda:
x x 2
q
q
3 x2
3 1
1
+ x13
+ x3
0
x
x3
lm x 2 = lm
= =0
2
x
x 1
1
x
x
x

19) lm

2x2 + 1

Dividiendo por la potencia mas grande de x que es x7/3 queda:

20) lm 3
7
x
x + 2x
2x2
x7/3

lm q

x7
x7

1
x7/3

2x
x7

1
x7/3

1+

2
x6

2
1/3

= lm xq
x

0
=0
1

x2 + a2 a
x2 + a2 a x2 + a2 + a x2 + b2 + b

21) lm
= lm
=
x0
x0
x2 + b2 b
x2 + b2 b x2 + a2 + a x2 + b2 + b

(x2 + a2 a2 )( x2 + b2 + b)
x2 ( x2 + b2 + b)

lm
= lm
=
x0 (x2 + b2 b2 )( x2 + a2 + a)
x0 x2 ( x2 + a2 + a)

b
x2 + b2 + b
b2 + b
2b
=
lm
=
=
x0
2a
a
x2 + a2 + a
a2 + a

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

1 3x
Sea u6 = x Si x 1 entonces u6 = 1 u 1
22) lm
x1 1
x

3
1 3x
1 u6
1 u2
(1 u)(1 + u)
= lm
= lm
= lm
=
lm
3
6
x1 1
u1 1 u
u1 (1 u)(1 + u + u2 )
x u1 1 u
1+u
2
lm
=
2
u1 1 + u + u
3
2. Calcular los siguientes lmites trigonometricos
sen 8x
sen 8x 8
sen 8x
= lm
= lm 8
= (8)(1) = 8
x0
x0
x
x 8 x0
8x

1) lm

2sen (3x)
2sen (3x) 3
sen (3x) 6
2) lm
= lm
= lm
= (1)
x0
x0
5x
5x
3 x0 3x 5

6
6
=
5
5

sen (3x)
2x
3
3
sen (3x) 2x 3
sen (3x)
3) lm
= lm
= lm
= (1)(1)
=
x0 sen (2x)
x0 sen (2x) 3x 2
x0
3x
sen (2x) 2
2
3
2

2
tg (2x)
tg (2x) 5x 2
tg (2x)
5x
2
2
4) lm
= lm
= lm
= (1)(1)
=
x0 sen (5x)
x0 sen (5x) 2x 5
x0
2x sen (5x) 5
5
5
2x
2x 7
9x 2
5) lm
= lm
= lm
= (1)
x0 sen (9x)
x0 sen (9x) 7
x0 sen (9x) 9

2
2
=
9
9

3
sen (3x) 1
sen (3x) 3 1
sen (3x) 3 1
1
6) lm
+ = lm
+ = lm
+ = (1)
+ =
x0
x0
x0
2x
2
2x 3 2
3x 2 2
2
2
4
=2
2

2x5x
2sen 2x+5x
sen
cos (2x) cos (5x)
2
2
7) lm
= lm
=
x0
x0
x2
x2

2sen 7x
sen 7x
sen 3x
sen 3x
2
2
2
2
lm
= lm
=
x2
x0
x0
x2
2
7x

3x
7x

sen 2 sen 2
7 sen 2 3 sen 3x
7
21
2
= lm
lm
= (1) (3)(1) =
x
7x
3x
x0 2
x0
x
2
2
2
2
2

8) lm

x0

1 + sen x 1 tg x
1 + sen x 1 tg x 1 + sen x + 1 tg x

= lm
=

x0
sen (2x)
sen (2x)
1 + sen x + 1 tg x

1 + sen x (1 tg x)
sen x + tg x
p
p
= lm
=

x0 (sen (2x))( 1 + sen x +

1 tg x) x0 (sen (2x))( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x)
lm

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

x
sen x cos x+sex x
sen x + sex
cos x
p
p
= lm
=

cos x
x0 (sen (2x))( 1 + sen x +
1 tg x) x0 (sen (2x))( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x)

lm

lm

x0

sen x (cos x+1)

cos x

p
=

(2sen x cos x)( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x)

sen x (cos x + 1)
cos x + 1
p
p
= lm
=

x0 (2sen x cos2 x)( 1 + sen x +

1 tg x) x0 (2 cos2 x)( 1 + sen x + 1 tg x)
lm

cos 0 + 1
1+1
2
1
p

=
= =

4
2
2(1)( 1 + 0 + 1 0)
(2 cos2 0)( 1 + sen 0 + 1 tg 0)
1
1
1
1
1
cos x
1 cos x

= lm
sen x = lm

= lm
=
x0 sen x
x0 sen x
tg x x0 sen x
sen x x0 sen x
cos x

9) lm

1 cos2 x
sen2 x
1 cos x 1 + cos x
= lm
= lm
=
x0
sen x 1 + cos x x0 sen x(1 + cos x) x0 sen x(1 + cos x)
sen x
0
lm
= =0
x0 1 + cos x
2
lm

10) lm

x tg x

2
Sea u = 2 x x = 2 u. Si x 2 entonces u 0

sen ( 2 u)
lm
x tg x = lm u tg
u = lm u
=
u0
u0 cos ( u)
x 2
2
2
2
x 2

lm u

u0

sen 2 cos u sen u cos 2

cos u
u
= lm u
= lm cos u
= (1)(1) = 1

cos 2 cos u + sen 2 sen u u0 sen u u0

sen u

3x arcsen x
Por infinitesimales sabemos que arcsen x x y arctg x x
x0 3x + arctg x
por lo que:
3x x
2x
2
1
3x arcsen x
= lm
= lm
= =
lm
x0 3x + x
x0 4x
x0 3x + arctg x
4
2

11) lm

12) lm

x0

lm

2 1 + cos x
2 1 + cos x 2 + 1 + cos x

= lm
=

x0
sen2 x
sen2 x
2 + 1 + cos x

x0 (sen2

2 (1 + cos x)
1 cos x

= lm
=

2
x)( 2 + 1 + cos x) x0 (sen x)( 2 + 1 + cos x)

1 cos2 x
1 cos x
1 + cos x

= lm
=

x0 (sen2 x)( 2 +
1 + cos x) 1 + cos x x0 (1 + cos x)(sen2 x)( 2 + 1 + cos x)
lm

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

sen2 x
1

= lm
=

x0 (1 + cos x)(sen2 x)( 2 +

1 + cos x) x0 (1 + cos x)( 2 + 1 + cos x)

1
1
2

= =
8
(2)( 2 + 2)
4 2
lm

2sen

(a+x)+(ax)
2

sen

(a+x)(ax)
2

cos (a + x) cos (a x)
= lm
=
x0
x0
x
x
2x

sen
2sen 2a
sen (x)
2sen (a) sen (x)
2
2
lm
= lm
= lm 2sen (a)
=
x0
x0
x0
x
x
x
2sen (a)

13) lm

1
1

= 0 Resuelto con anterioridad.

x0 sen x
tg x

14) lm cosec x cotg x = lm

x0

cos x
cos xsen x
sen x
cotg x tg x
sen x cos x
= lm sen x cos x = lm
=
15) lm
x 4 sen x cos x
x 4 sen x cos x
x 4 sen x cos x

lm

x 4

cos2 x sen2 x
(cos x sen x)(cos x sen x)
= lm
=
(sen x cos x)(sen x cos x) x 4 (sen x cos x)(sen x cos x)

(
(cos x sen x)
=
lm
x 4
sen x cos x

2
22 )
2

2 2
2 2

=0

cos (2x) + cotg x + sen x

Indeterminado. Mal copiado?
x0
cos x

16) lm

cos (2x) sen ( 2 x)

cos (2x) cos x
cos2 x sen2 x cos x
17) lm
= lm
= lm
=
x0
x0
x0
x
x
x
cos x(cos x 1) sen2 x
cos x(cos x 1) sen2 x cos x + 1
= lm
=
x0
x0
x
x
cos x + 1
cos x(sen2 x) (cos x + 1)sen2 x
cos x(cos2 x 1) (cos x + 1)sen2 x
= lm
=
lm
x0
x0
x(cos x + 1)
x(cos x + 1)
(sen2 x)(cos x (cos x + 1)
(sen2 x)
sen x sen x
lm
= lm
= lm
=
x0
x0 x(cos x + 1)
x0
x(cos x + 1)
x cos x + 1

0
(1)
=0
2
lm

18) lm
x 2

cos x cotg x
= lm
x 2
sen (2x)

cos x
cos x
cos x sen
cos x sen
x
x
= lm
=
x 2 2 sen x cos x
sen (2x)

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

sen x cos xcos x

sen x

sen x cos x cos x

sen x cos x
cos x
lm
= lm
= lm

=
2
2
x 2 2 sen x cos x
x 2
x 2 2 sen x cos x 2 sen2 x cos x
2 sen x cos x
1
1
1 1

= =
2
0 2
2 sen x cos x 2 sen x

lm

x 2

19) lm

x0

1 + tg x 1 tg x
1 + tg x 1 tg x 1 + tg x + 1 tg x

= lm
=
x0
tg (2x)
tg (2x)
1 + tg x + 1 tg x

1 + tg x (1 tg x)
2tg x

lm
= lm
=
x0 ( 1 + tg x +
1 tg x)tg (2x) x0 ( 1 + tg x + 1 tg x)tg (2x)
2
tg x x

lm
=
x0
1 + tg x + 1 tg x tg (2x) x
1
tg x 2x
1
1

lm
=
(1)(1) =
x0
2
1 + tg x + 1 tg x x tg (2x)
1+0+ 10
sen2 x 3tg 4 x
(sen2 x)(1 3(tg 2 x sec2 x))
=
l
m
=
x0 sen3 x sen2 x
x0
sen2 x(sen x 1)

20) lm

1 3(tg 2 x sec2 x)
1 3(0 1)
=
= 1
x0
sen x 1
01
lm

3. Calcular los siguientes lmites exponenciales y logartmicos

1

1) lm (1 + 2x) x = lm [(1 + 2x) 2x ]2 = e2

x0

x0

e3x 1
e3x 1
=3
= 3(1) = 3
x0
x
3x

2) lm

3) lm (1 2x) x = lm (1 + (2x)) x = lm [(1 + (2x)) 2x ]2 = e2

x0

x0

x0

4) lm (1 + 3x) x = lm [(1 + 3x) x ]2 = lm [(1 + 3x) 3x ]6 = e6

x0

x0

5) lm

1
1+
x

6) lm

"

1+

lm

1+

4x
= lm

1
2x

x0

x 4

"

5x+3

1
2x

1
1+
x

= lm

1+

5x + 3
x
2x

2x # lm

= e4

1
2x

= e2

2x #

5x + 3
2x

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

etg x 1
etg x 1
Sea u = tg x si x 0 entonces u 0 y lm
=
x0
x0
tg x
tg x
eu 1
=1
lm
u0
u

7) lm

e2x 1
e2x 1 3x 2
e2x 1
3x
2
8) lm
= lm
= lm
= (1)(1)
x0 sen (3x)
x0 sen (3x) 2x 3
x0
2x sen (3x) 3
2
3

2
=
3

e3x ex
Por infinitesimales sabemos que arctg x x entonces
x0 arctg x

9) lm

e3x ex
e3x ex
e3x 1 (ex 1)
lm
= lm
= lm
=
x0 arctg x
x0
x0
x
x
e3x 1 ex 1
e3x 1 ex 1

=3

= 3(1) 1 = 2
x0
x
x
3x
x
lm

e5x e2x
Por infinitesimales arctg (3x) 3x y arctg (2x)
x0 arctg (3x) arctg (2x)
2x
e5x e2x
e5x 1 (e2x + 1)
e5x 1 e2x 1
lm
= lm
= lm

=
x0 3x 2x
x0
x0
x
x
x
e5x 1
e2x 1
lm 5
2
= 5(1) 2(1) = 3
x0
5x
2x

10) lm

arcsen x arctg x
x0
x3
Sea = arcsen x , = arctg x y t = arcsen x arctg x t =

11) lm

sen t = sen ( ) = sen cos cos sen

Como = arcsen x sen = x, cos = 1 x2 y

= arctg x tg = x sen = xx2 +1 cos = x12 +1

sen t = x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1 t = arcsen x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1

Reemplazando:

x
1
2

arcsen x x2 +1 1 x x2 +1 x 12 1 x2 x2
x +1
x +1

=
lm
3
1
2
x0
x
x x2 +1 1 x xx2 +1

arcsen x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1 x 12 1 x2 x2

x +1
x +1

lm
=
x0
x3
x 12 1 x2 x2
x +1

x +1

10

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

arcsen x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1

x
(1

1 x2 )
x2 +1

lm
=
x0
x3
x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1

1
x
2

arcsen x x2 +1 1 x x2 +1
x
(1 1 x2 ) 1 + 1 x2
x2 +1

lm
=
x0
x3
x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1
1 + 1 x2

1
x
2

arcsen x x2 +1 1 x x2 +1
x
(x2 )
x2 +1

lm
=
x0
x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1
x3 (1 + 1 x2 )

arcsen x x12 +1 1 x2 xx2 +1

1
1
1
2

x +1
lm
= (1) =
1
x
x0
2
2
x x2 +1 1 x2 x2 +1
(1 + 1 x2 )
2x
2x 2x
12) lm x
=
l
m
x+ 2 + 2x
x+ 2x +

1
2x
1
2x

22x 1
x
lm 2x2
x+ 2 +1
2x

22x 1
=1
x+ 22x + 1

= lm

2x 2x
2x 2x
2x 2x
13) lm x
=
l
m
=
l
m

= 1 Resuelto con antex 2 + 2x

x+ 2x + 2x
x+
2x + 2x
rioridad.
1

14) lm (cos x + sen x) x = lm (1 1 + cos x + sen x) x =

x0

x0

cos x 1 + sen x
x1
h
i cos x+sen
lm
1
x
x
=
lm (1 + cos x + sen x 1) cos x+sen x1
= ex0

x0

cos2 x 1
sen x
cos x 1 cos x + 1 sen x
cos x 1 sen x
l
m
+
l
m
+
lm
+
x =
x
cos x + 1
x = ex0 x(cos x + 1)
x
x = ex0
ex0
sen2 x
sen x
sen x sen x
sen x
lm
+
lm
+
x0 x(cos x + 1)
x = ex0 x cos x + 1
x = e(1)(0)+1 = e
e
2 +x1

e2x

15) lm

x 2

Si x

2 +x+1

ex
x2 2

ex (e2x 1 ex
= lm

x2 2
x 2

2 +1

Sea u = x2 2 x2 = u+2

2 u 0 Reemplazando queda:

2+3

u+2

e u+2 e3 (e2u eu )
e u+2 e3 (e2u 1 (eu 1))
(e2u+3 eu+3 )
= lm
= lm
=
lm
u0
u0
u0
u
u
u
2u

2u

e 1 eu 1
e 1 eu 1
u+2 3
u+2+3
lm e
e

= lm e
2
=
u0
u0
u
u
2u
u
e

(2(1) (1)) = e

2+3

11

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

ln (1 x) + sen (3x)
ln (1 x) sen (3x)
ln (1 x)
sen (3x)
= lm
+
= lm
+lm 3
=
x0
x0
x0
x0
x
x
x
x
3x

16) lm

ln (1 x)
Sea u = ln (1 x) eu = 1 x x = 1 eu
x
1
u
ln (1 x)
u
u
e 1
lm
= lm
= lm u
= lm
= 1
x0
u0 1 eu
u0
x
e 1 u0
u
3 + lm

x0

ln (1 x) + sen (3x)
= 3 + (1) = 2
x0
x
lm

bx ax
bx 1 (ax 1)
bx 1
ax 1
17) lm
= lm
= lm

= ln b ln a =
x0
x0
x0
x
x
x
x
b
ln
a
8x ex
8x ex
Usando el ejercicio anterior lm
= ln 8 ln e = ln 8 1
x0
x0
x
x

18) lm

f (x + h) f (x)
h0
h

4. Dada la funcion f (x) calcular f (x + h) y calcular el lmite lm

f (x + h) f (x)
x+h x
1) f (x) = x lm
= lm
h0
h0
h
h

x+h x
x+h+ x
x+hx
h

lm
= lm
= lm
=
h0
h
x + h + x h0 h( x + h + x) h0 h( x + h + x)

lm

h0

1
1
1
=
=
2 x
x+0+ x
x+h+ x

3
f (x + h) f (x)
x+h 3x
= lm
2) f (x) = x lm
h0
h0
h
h

p
p

3
3
3
3
3
(x + h)2 + x(x + h) + x2
x+h x

p
p
lm
=
3
3
h0
h
(x + h)2 + 3 x(x + h) + x2

h
x+hx

p
p
p
= lm p
=
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
h0 h(
(x + h) + x(x + h) + x ) h0 h( (x + h) + x(x + h) + x2 )
lm

1
1

p
p
p
lm p
=
=
3
3
h0 ( 3 (x + h)2 + 3 x(x + h) +
x2 )
( 3 (x + 0)2 + 3 x(x + 0) + x2 )
1

3
x2
1
3) f (x) =
x

f (x + h) f (x)
lm
= lm
h0
h0
h

1
x+h

1
x

12

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

lm

x(x+h)
x(x+h)

h0

= lm

h
x(x+h)

h0

= lm

h0

1
1
1
=
= 2
x(x + h)
x(x + 0)
x

f (x + h) f (x)
(x + h)2 + 2(x + h) + 6 (x2 + 2x + 6)
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
2
2
2
2
x + 2xh + h + 2x + 2h + 6 x 2x 6
h + 2xh + 2h
lm
= lm
=
h0
h0
h
h
h(h + 2x + 2)
lm
= lm h + 2x + 2 = 2x + 2
h0
h0
h

4) f (x) = x2 +2x+6

ax b
5) f (x) =
bx a
lm

lm

f (x + h) f (x)
lm
= lm
h0
h0
h

(bxa)(a(x+h)b)(b(x+h)a)(axb)
(b(x+h)a)(bxa)

h0

a(x+h)b
b(x+h)a

axb
bxa

(bx a)(ax + ah b) (bx + bh a)(ax b)

=
h0
h(bx + bh a)(bx a)

= lm

(abx2 + abhx b2 x a2 x a2 h + ab) (abx2 + abhx ax b2 x b2 h + ab)

=
h0
h(bx + bh a)(bx a)
lm

(a2 h) (b2 h)
a2 (b2 )
a2 + b2
= lm
=
=
h0 h(bx + bh a)(bx a)
h0 (bx + bh a)(bx a)
(bx a)(bx a)
a2 b2

(bx a)2
lm

1
6) f (x) =
x

x x+h

= lm

f (x + h) f (x)
lm
= lm
h0
h0
h

x(x+h)

h0

1
x+h

1
x

x x+h
x+ x+h
x (x + h)

= lm p
= lm p
=

h0 h x(x + h)
x + x + h h0 h x(x + h)( x + x + h)

1
h
lm p
= lm p
=

h0 h x(x + h)( x +
x + h) h0 x(x + h)( x + x + h)
1
1)
1
p
=
=

2x x
x(x + 0)( x + x + 0)
x2 ( x + x)

f (x + h) f (x)
x+h+3 x+3
= lm
7) f (x) = x + 3 lm
h0
h0
h
h

x + h + 3 (x + 3)
x+h+3 x+3
x+h+3+ x+3

lm
= lm
=
h0
h
x + h + 3 + x + 3 h0 h( x + h + 3 + x + 3)

h
1
1

= lm
=
h0 h( x + h + 3 +
2 x+3
x + 3) h0 x + h + 3 + x + 3
lm

13

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

2 (x + h)
2(x
+
h)
2x2 x
f
(x
+
h)

f
(x)
8) f (x) = 2x2 x lm
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
p
p

2(x + h)2 (x + h) 2x2 x

2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x
p
lm
=

h0
h
2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x

2(x2 + 2xh + h2 ) x h 2x2 + x

2(x + h)2 (x + h) (2x2 x)
p
= lm p
=

h0 h(
2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x) h0 h( 2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x)
lm

4xh + 2h2 h
h(4x + 2h 1)
p
lm
= lm p
=

2
2
h0 h(
h0
2(x + h) (x + h) + 2x x)
h( 2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x)
4x + 2h 1
4x + 2(0) 1
lm p
=p
=

h0
2(x + h)2 (x + h) + 2x2 x
2(x + (0))2 (x + (0)) + 2x2 x

4x 1
4x 1

=
2x2 x + 2x2 x
2 2x2 x

1
1
2x1
2(x+h)1
1
f (x + h) f (x)
= lm
9) f (x) =
lm
h0
h
h
2x 1 h0

p
p

2x1 2(x+h)1

2x 1 2(x + h) 1
2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1
2(x+h)1 2x1
p
lm
=
= lm p

h0
h0 h
h
2(x + h) 1 2x 1
2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1

lm

h0

lm

h0

lm

h0

h
h
h

2x 1 (2(x + h) 1)
p
=

2(x + h) 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1)

2x 1 2x 2h + 1
p
=

2(x + h) 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1

2(x + h) 1

2h
p
=

2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1

2
p
lm p
=

h0
2(x + h) 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + h) 1)
2
p
p
=

2(x + 0) 1 2x 1( 2x 1 + 2(x + 0) 1)

2x 1

2
2
1

=
=
2x 1( 2x 1 + 2x 1)
(2x 1)2 2x 1
(2x 1) 2x 1

f (x + h) f (x)
sen (x + h) sen x
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
sen x cos h + sen h cos x sen x
sen x( cos h 1) + sen h cos x
lm
= lm
=
h0
h0
h
h

10) f (x) = sen x

lm

14

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

sen x( cos h 1) sen h cos x

sen x( cos h 1)
sen h cos x
+
= lm
+ lm
=
h0
h0
h0
h
h
h
h
cos h 1
sen h
sen x lm
+ cos x lm
= sen x(0) + cos x(1) = cos x
h0
h0
h
h
lm

11) f (x) = log x

f (x + h) f (x)
log (x + h) log x
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
lm

1
1

log ( x+h
)
x+h
h h
1 h
1
x
lm
= lm log
= lm log 1 +
= lm log 1 + x =
h0
h0 h
h0
h0
h
x
x
h

1
1
x
x
x

x
x

h
x
h
h
1
1
1

= lm log 1 + x = log lm 1 + x =
lm log 1 + x
h0
h0
h0

h
h
h
1
1
log e x =
log e
x

f (x + h) f (x)
ax+h ax
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
x h
x
x h
h
a a a
a (a 1)
a 1
lm
= lm
= ax lm
= ax ln a
h0
h0
h0
h
h
h

12) f (x) = ax

lm

f (x + h) f (x)
tg (x + h) tg x
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
tg tg
Como tg( ) =
tg tg = (1 + tg tg)(tg( ))
1 + tg tg

13) f (x) = tg x

lm

tg (x + h) tg x
(1 + tg(x + h) tg x)tg(x + h x)
= lm
=
h0
h
h
tg h
(1 + tg(x + h) tg x) tg h
= lm (1 + tg (x + h)tg x)
= (1 + tg 2 x)(1) =
lm
h0
h0
h
h
sec2 x
lm

h0

f (x + h) f (x)
ln (x + h) ln x
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
ln (x + h) ln x
1
1
Por ejercicio resuelto con anterioridad lm
= ln e = (1) =
h0
h
x
x
1
x

14) f (x) = ln x

lm

15) f (x) = ln (2x1)

ln (2(x + h) 1) ln (2x 1)
f (x + h) f (x)
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
lm

15

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

2x+2h1

1
2x 1 + 2h
1
2h
= lm ln
lm
= lm ln 1 +
=
h0
h0 h
h0 h
h
2x 1
2x 1
2
2

2x 1
lm
2h
1
h
2h
2x

1
= lm ln 1 + 2x1
= ln e h0 2x 1 =
lm ln 1 +
h0
h0
2x 1
2h
ln

2x1

ln e 2x1 =

2
2
ln e =
2x 1
2x 1

f (x + h) f (x)
sen (3(x + h) + c) sen (3x + c)
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
sen (3(x + h) + c) sen (3x + c)
lm
=
h0
h

3(x+h)+c+(3x+c)
2 sen 3(x+h)+c(3x+c)
cos
2
2
lm
=
h0
h

cos 3x+3h+c+3x+c
2 sen 3x+3h+c3xc)
2
2
=
lm
h0
h

2 sen 3h
cos 6x+3h+2c
sen 3h
cos 6x+3h+2c
2
2
2
2
lm
= lm
=
h
h0
h0
h
2
6x+3h+2c

3h

cos
3sen 3h
sen
6x + 3h + 2c
2
2
2
= lm 3
cos
=
lm
3h
3h
h0
h0
2
2
2

6x + 3(0) + 2c
6x + 2c
(3) (1) cos
= (3) cos
= 3 cos (3x + c)
2
2

16) f (x) = sen (3x+c)

lm

f (x + h) f (x)
arctg (x + h) arctg x
= lm
h0
h0
h
h
Sea = arctg (x + h) y = arctg x tg = x + h y tg = x
x+hx
tg tg
=
=
Sea = t tg t = tg ( ) =
1 + tg tg
1 + (x + h)x
h

1 + x2 + hx

h
h
tg t =
t = arctg
1 + x2 + hx
1 + x2 + hx

arctg 1+xh2 +hx

arctg (x + h) arctg x
lm
= lm
=
h0
h0
h
h

arctg 1+xh2 +hx

1
1
1
lm
= (1) lm
=
=
h
2
2
h0
h0 1 + x + hx
1 + x + hx
1 + x2 + 0x
1+x2 +hx
1
1 + x2

17) f (x) = arctg x

lm

16

Ana Mara Albornoz R.

1
1

3
3x
1
f (x + h) f (x)
x+h
18) f (x) =
lm
= lm
3
h0
h
h
x h0

3
3
x 3x+h
x 3x+h

lm
=
l
m
=

h0 h 3 x + h 3 x
h0 h 3 x2 + hx

p
p

3
3
x2 + 3 x(x + h) + 3 (x + h)2
x 3x+h

p
p
lm
=
3
h0 h 3 x2 + hx
x2 + 3 x(x + h) + 3 (x + h)2

lm

h0

lm

h0

(h
(h

xxh
p
p
=
x2 + hx)( x2 + 3 x(x + h)) + 3 (x + h)2

x2

+ hx)(

x2

h
p
p
=
+ 3 x(x + h)) + 3 (x + h)2

1
1
1

p
p
lm
=
=
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
h0 ( x + hx)( x +
x(x + h)) + (x + h)
( x )(3 x )
3 x4