Howcanweshapepublicperceptionoffemaleathletes?

http://www.bustle.com/articles/92531differencesinmensandwomenssalariesinsport
sshowfemaleathletesexperiencethewagegaptoo
Differencesinmenathletesandwomenathletespay
https://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/home/supportus/doyouknowthefactorsinflu
encinggirlsparticipationinsports
Factorsthatinfluencegirlsparticipationinsport
https://aimeelamoureux.wordpress.com/
Themediascurrentperceptionofwomeninsports
http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/appsych/opus/issues/2012/fall/female

Thequalitiesassociatedwithgenderaresociallyconstructedaccordingtocultural
standards,andconsistofstereotypesthatleadtothecreationofgenderrolesandgender
type
Interpretationsoftheseconceptsmayvaryaccordingtoanindividualsethnicity,culture,
sexualorientation,orsocioeconomicstatus,butintheWesternworld,thereisaprivileged,
orhegemonicconceptualizationwhenconsideringmasculinityandfemininity
Hegemonicmasculinityandfemininityaregenerallystructuredinourculturebythe
dominantgroup,whichreferstothosewhoareWhite,heterosexual,andmiddleclasswith
anidealphysiquethatdiffersaccordingtoonesgender
However,femaleathleteswhodonotnecessarilyrepresentthehegemonicfeminineideal,
suchasVenusandSerenaWilliams,MiaHamm,andmixedmartialartsfighterGina
Carano,encountermoredifficultiesintheircareersastheyattempttobalanceafeminine
imagewiththemasculinequalitiesassociatedwiththeirsports
Contrarytothisbelief,othersinsistthatasignificantchangehasoccurredduetothe
implementationofTitleIXin1972,whichmandatesnondiscriminationinadmission,access,
andtreatmentinalleducationalinstitutionsreceivinggovernment
Oneoftheprevailingargumentspresentedbymultipleresearchersstatesthatathletic
womenfaceadilemmatheyareexpectedtosucceedintheirsportwhilemaintaining
hegemonicfemininity,whichcanbeadifficultbalancetoestablishandmaintain

http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/drobson42.htm
MalevsFemaleathletesinthemedia
http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/587/themediassexualizationoffemaleathletesa
badcallforthemoderngame
themediassexualizationoffemaleathletes
http://www.injuryindicator.com/women_sports.htm
differencesinwomensandmensperformanceinsports
http://www.economist.com/blogs/economistexplains/2014/07/economistexplains19
whyprofessionalwomenssportsislesspopularthanmens
http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/home/research/articlesandreports/equityissue
s/payinequity
payinequityinathletics
https://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/home/advocate/titleixandissues/whatistitle
ix/titleixmythsandfacts

whatisTitleIX?
TitleIXmythsandfacts
includesinfoonwomensopportunities

Female high school athletes receive 1.3 million fewer athletic

participation opportunities than their male counterparts (3.2
million female vs. 4.5 million male).

MYTH: Girls are not as interested as boys in playing sports.

FACT: The dramatic increase in girls' and women's participation in

sport since Title IX was passed in 1972 (by 560% at the college level and
990% in high schools) demonstrates that it was lack of opportunity not
lack of interest that kept females out of high school and college athletics
for so many years.

http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/home/athletes/forathletes/knowyourrights/athl
eteresources/mythbustingwhateveryfemaleathleteshouldknow
DID YOU KNOW
that a girl must be allowed to try out for the boys' team

if there is no girls' team for her in that sport?

The law says that any member of the "underrepresented sex" (the
sex that has the fewest opportunities) has to have a chance to play
on the team of the overrepresented sex if that player is not provided
with a team of the player's own sex. It is okay for a school to say a
girl or a boy cannot play football for a non-gender-related reason
like you are too small to play or you are not strong enough to play as
long as the standard is fairly applied to both boys and girls.

Buthowcant
hisstandardeverbefairlyappliedtobothboysand
girlswhenthephysicalbodyofaboyhasmoreadvantagesthan
girlshaveinsports.

DID YOU KNOW

that sports participation provides boys and girls with a
lot more benefits than getting in shape and having fun?
The benefits of athletic participation for boys and girls are the same.
There are additional sociological and physiological benefits for girls
who play compared to those who don't.

 Strong body can fight illnesses.

Become graceful - sports teach balance, grace and poise, which
carry over to other areas of life.
Fight fat - one of the biggest reasons for fat is lack of exercise.
Sports and exercise keep you trim and firm.
Control anger and anxiety - exercise in nature's best tranquilizer; it
actually helps keep you calm!
Eat and sleep better - proper nutrition and rest improve every area
of life.
Learn to take criticism - this is a lesson we all need to learn in order
to improve performance.
Overcome shyness - learn to be assertive, make decisions.
Attain goals.
Learn how to deal with success as well as failure - self-esteem
doesn't depend on continually winning.
Discover career and job opportunities that you didn't know existed.
Become an athletic director, athletic trainer, a manager of a
professional sports team, a sports medicine physician, a sports
information director or sports marketer!
Meet new friends; avoid boredom.
Be able to talk to your friends about sports - a popular topic of
discussion and interest

http://www.ncwge.org/TitleIX40/Athletics.pdf
Opportunitystatistics
http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/20/living/monedavisbaseballsensationimpactgirlsparent
s/
BaseballsensationMoneDavisimpactongirlsandboys
file:///Users/genevie/Downloads/HLDOI%20III%20Report_Executive%20Summary.pdf
Participation:Despiteaneverexpandingbodyofresearchevidencethat
supportsthenecessityforchildren,bothboysandgirls,toparticipateinphysical
activityregimensatmoderatetovigorouslevelsforatleastanhouradayto
ensuretheircurrenthealthandcreateafoundationforlongtermhealth,children
intheU.S.arenotengagingenmasseinphysicalactivityastheyshould.

Accordingtothe2014U.SReportCardonPhysicalActivityforChildrenand
Youth(Katzmarzyk,2014),justunder25%ofyouthages1215werefoundto
participateinphysicalactivityatmoderatetovigorouslevels.Ashasbeenthe
casefordecades,whilethereareshortfallsforbothboysandgirls,thereremains
asignificantgendergapinparticipationthatplacesgirlsatadisadvantage.Data
fromtheHealthBehaviorinSchoolAgedChildrenstudyreportedbytheWorld
HealthOrganizationin2012(Currieetal.,2012)showsthat30%to33%ofU.S.
boysbetweentheagesof11and15areengaginginappropriatelevelsof
physicalactivity,whilegirlsparticipationdeclinedsteadilyfromahighof24%at
age11,droppingsevenpointsto17%byage15.
http://theconversation.com/themothingschangemediacoverageofmonedavisreinfor
cesbarriersforfemaleballplayers37398

TheMo'thingschange:mediacoverageofMo'neDavis
reinforcesbarriersforfemaleballplayers

howhasoursolutionbeenproventoworkinthepast
Manyaresurprisedtolearnthata
TeamUSAallwomenbaseballteam
squad
exists.
http://nypost.com/2015/05/16/girlsflocktolittleleagueaftersuccessofmonedavis/
GirlsflocktoLittleLeagueafterthesuccessofMoneDavis
http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/20/living/monedavisbaseballsensationimpactgirlsparent
s/
BaseballsensationMoneDavisimpactongirlsandboys
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/historybyera/seventies/essays/impacttitleix
theimpactofTitleIX,historybyera
whatit
has
achieved
http://neatoday.org/2012/06/21/ninewaystitleixhashelpedgirlsandwomenineducati
on2/
whatit
has
achieved
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2012/06/27/40yearsaftertitleixmenstillgetb
ettersportsopportunities
whatTitleIXhas
not
achieved
http://www.ncwge.org/TitleIX40/TitleIXprint.pdf
whatTitleIXhas
not
achieved
http://www2.edc.org/WomensEquity/resource/title9/before.htm
STATISTICSbeforeandafterTitleIX
Today,morethan100,000womenparticipateinintercollegiateathletics,afourfold
increasefrom1971,theyearbeforeTitleIXwaspassed.Thatsameyear300,000women
(7.5%)werehighschoolathletesin1996,thatfigurehadincreasedto2.4million(39%).
Highschoolgirlswhoparticipateinteamsportsarelesslikelytodropoutofschool,
smoke,drink,orbecomepregnant.