Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit 5 Module 14 Combined
Unit 5 Module 14 Combined
Unit 5 Module 14 Combined
I.
What is an Animal?
A. Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs that lack cell walls.
B. Broken into two groups:
1. Invertebrates (lack a backbone) 95% of all animals; includes
sponges, jellyfish, worms, insects, crustaceans, spiders, and
starfish
2. Vertebrates (have backbone) fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds,
mammals
A. Symmetry = whether one half of the animal matches the other half
1. Asymmetry does NOT match (sponge)
2. Radial matches many ways (jellyfish)
3. Bilateral matches one way (left-hand side and right-hand side)
Radial:
Bilateral:
179
Check Yourself!
1. What are the two main groups of animals?
180
Identify 3 specialized
excretory structures:
1.
2.
in insects.
3.
181
What structure is
most important for
absorption?
Check Yourself!
1. What types of molecules do all animals have to synthesize?
2. What is the basic purpose of transport?
5. What structures that make up the lung allow for more efficient gas exchange?
6. What is the purposed of microvilli in the small intestine?
F. Reproduction sexual verses asexual, types of fertilization
1. Some simple animals have the ability to reproduce asexually. For
example, fragmentation may occur in sponges, and starfish have
the ability to regenerate lost parts.
2. Sexual reproduction in animals requires the male sperm to fertilize
External fertilization
requires animals to live
near ________________,
while internal fertilization
is an adaptation for life
on _________________.
ii.
3.
183
1.
brain.
2. Many animals use hormones (part of the endocrine system) to
respond to some stimuli and to regulate body systems. Hormones
travel through the circulatory system as a form of long distance
communication between the cells of an organism.
Check Yourself!
1. What is a hermaphrodite?
3. What is metamorphosis?
Dont forget!
Behaviors occurring as
a result of genes and
the environment
illustrates the concept
of _________ vs.
______________
Check Yourself!
1. What is a behavior?
2. What are the two main types of behaviors?
3. What is adaptive value?
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the response:
a. The skin itches and the dog scratches.
b. Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
V. Innate behaviors
A. Simple innate behaviors:
1. Automatic quick, unconscious reactions
Ex. Reflexes such as blinking
2. Fight-or-Flight response the body prepares for action in
response to stress or fear
Ex. Increased heart rate when in a car accident
B. More complex innate behaviors (and urges) are often referred to as
Watch It!
b.
c.
d.
e.
Give 4 examples of
biological clocks:
1.
2.
3.
4.
a.
Check Yourself!
1. Name two simple innate behaviors.
2. More complex innate behaviors are called __________________.
3. Define a taxis behavior.
4. What is a biological clock?
2.
3.
4.
VII. Combining Innate and Learned Behaviors Most behaviors result from a
combination of innate and learned behaviors
A. Social Behaviors often combine learned and innate behaviors
Examples of social
behaviors (indicate if
innate or learned):
1.
2.
3.
4.
188
Example:
Check Yourself!
1. What is a society?
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first moving object it sees.
189
Innate
Learned
Response to __________
__________ /
Genetic
________________
Instinctive
Require Motivation
Examples:
Examples:
_____________
Habituation
Fight-or
Flight
____________
____________
_____________
Operant
Conditioning
Territoriality
Insight /
Reasoning
Aggression
_____________
_____________
Taxis
Biological
Rhythms
Word Bank:
Acquired
Classical Conditioning
Courtship
Dominance Heirarchy
Inborn
Motivation
Reflexes
Stimulus
190
Unit 5 / Module 14
Problem-Solving Set
__________
__________
__________
2. For each life process named, explain one adaptation that would allow organisms
to live on land:
Life process
Adaptation for life on land
Respiration
Reproduction
Growth and
Development
3. Identify the 3 body systems that are MOST responsible for regulating body
systems and maintaining homeostasis:
a.
b.
c.
4. Identify each statement as pertaining to innate (I) or learned (L) behavior. Label
(B) if the statement applies to both.
_____ Born knowing the behavior
_____ Requires a teacher
_____ Result of natural selection
_____ Controlled by genes
_____ Inherited from parents
_____ Requires practice
_____ Allows for adaptation and change
_____ Includes instincts
_____ Animals with short life spans
_____ Includes reflexes
5. Have you ever noticed that dogs and cats scratch the dirt or litter to cover up
their urine and feces? This is an instinctive behavior. What do you think is the
survival advantage for this behavior?
191
192
Learned Behavior
Across
2. Another term for operant conditioning
4. Internal need that causes learning to occur
8. Habituation causes an animal to stop _______
to a stimulus
9. Scientist who experimented with dogs to
show classical conditioning
10. Learned behaviors occur in animals with
more _______ nervous systems
Down
1. Type of behavior; Ex. After a few weeks,
sirens from a nearby fire station stop waking you
at night
3. Another term for insight learning
5. Type of conditioning that is shown by a cat
running to the kitchen when he hears the can
opener
6. Type of behavior; Ex. Chimpanzees try
various objects to extract termites from a mound
7. Most complex type of learning
10. A researcher observed sedge warblers during breeding season. She charted the
number of different songs a male bird sang compared to the time it took him to
pair with a mate. The graph shows her data.
a. As the number of different songs increases,
the time until pairing
______________________.
b. What type of innate behavior is this data
associated with?
______________________.
c. Explain how bird songs are a combination of
innate and learned behavior.
193
2.
2.
3.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
a. Which type of behavior are bees using when they perform the waggle dance?
b. What method of communication do honeybees use?
c. Could a single worker bee leave the hive and start her own colony? Explain.
d. How does the social structure of these insects benefit the species?
Image credits:
http://www.drawingcoach.com
puzzlemaker.school.discovery.com
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/symmetrydiagram.gif
www.phschool.com
194