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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

First Semester Examination

2U3|2AM Academ ic Session

December 2013 / January 2014

EBB 11313 - Engineering Materials

[Bahan Kejuruteraan ]
Duration : 3 hours
[Masa : 3 jam]

Please ensure that this examination paper contains FOURTEEN printed pages before you begin
the examination.

[Sila pastikan bahawa kefias peperiksaan ini mengandungi EMPAT BELAS muka surat yang
bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.l

This paper consists of SIX questions.

[Kertas soalan ini mengandungiENAM soalan]

lnstruction: Answer ALL questions

[Arahan: Jawab SEMUA soalan.
The answers to all questions must start on a new page.
[Mulakan jawapan anda untuk semua soalan pada muka surat yang baru.]
You may answer a question either in Bahasa Malaysia or in English.
fAnda dibenarkan meniawab soalan sama ada dalam Bahasa Malaysia atau Bahasa lnggeis.]
ln the event of any discrepancies, the English version shatl be used.

[Sekiranya tedapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa lnggeris
hendaklah digu n apakai.l

...2t-

IEBB 113I

-2-

1.

[al

ldentify what type(s) of bonding would be expected for each of the

following materials:
Kenal pasti jenis ikatonyang dijangka bagi setiap bahan berikut:

(20 marks/markah)

Brass (copper-zinc alloy),

xlzt-"ri
tdf

Loyang (alo i kuprum-zink)

l!

'
. -\ rr

'

Rubber' - 1ni"t",u:. ,rj-A

Getah

lll

Barium sulfide (BaS),

Bariurnsutfida

lV

lbl

(? -]

: eq

,,

'

";:i*,

,,

//

+ ( ur(St"d_t
.nl*.
o 1
1.,,t
d

xenon
.

( -- 2*t
Lt

Solidxenon,
Pepejal

*V

(BaS)

'1'

Gold is face centered cqqg_{Iqg)_and has a lattice constants of

q 0.40788 nm. Calculate value of the atomic radius of a gold atom in

[gngmclers-

A"'" " ,,,,- ?

!''"'
f!,r'r

Emas memprmyai struktur kiub berpusat muka

0.40788nm. Kirakan nilai

jejari

(KBM dan pemalar kekisi

atom emas dalam nanometer.

(40 markslmarkah)

...3t-

IEBB 113I

-3-

(c) i)

ldentify the following plane or directions indices:

Kenal pasti indeks satah atau arah berilatt

(40 marks/markah)

ii)

Within a cubic unit cell, sketch the directiongl-Ull al9dglg-qf -(lll)

(il r)

lil rI

Figure 1: Plane, direction indices

...41-

IEBB 113I

-411{

lal
'

2.

6!

\ tt

utr

For a body centre cubic (BCC) single crystal like Chromium (Cr),

explain what would you expect the surface energy for the tlddl to O"
greater or less than that toI, ti 16lz

"

Bagi hablur nmggal kiub berpusat jasad (KB.l) seperti Kromium (Cr),
terontgkan apa janglmqn anda tentamg tenaga permukaan (100) sama ada
lebih atau lanang daripada tenaga permukaan (l10).

I -(iv

(30 marks/zarkah)

ar,p il\kT

N,,

NI

Calculate

tbI

|r

,*) l'"'

uflr"t

.t9ti_S

.*1 respectively.

It is given, k= Boltzmann constant = 8.62 x 10 -5 eV.atom-1.Kl /i)

"'-{ut"'

'

\lA-

,t.
d,15

:.ri
-u*
i'
?

! '" lt-" -

6t..

in gold at 1000 "C.

t^

-.

C'"rtl)

Vl..r -"

()u

The energy for vacancy formation is !ll_e.J/qtor!. The density and

A
atomic weight for Au is 18.63 g/cm3 (at 1000"C) and
_glmcit,

n1-

qltv

the

r i
i..

---.

Kirakan jumlah lcekosongan per kubik meter emas pada suhu 1000"C.
Tenagauntukpembentuknn kekosonganialah

0.98 eV/atom.

Ketumpaton

dan berat atom emas iatah 18.63 g/cm3 (pada 1000'C) dan 196.9 g/mol.
Diberikan k: pemalar Boltzmann :8.62 x 10 -5 eV.atom-t.Kl

)-,, t,4\

(30 marks/zcrkah)

[c]

The diffusion coefficients for nickel in ferum are given at two different
temperatures in Table

1:

Pekali resapan untuk nikel didalam ferum pada dua suhu berbeza
dinyatakan seperti di dalam Jadual

l:

...51-

IEBB 113I

t
-rr-

Table 1: Diffusion coefficients for nickel in ferum at two different

temperatures.

D(m'lb)

T(K)

2.2x 10 -'"

1373

-'*
4.8 x 10

1573

vr-

/e
-T+
\ , -9

i.

0=

'1r" *'i'

Determine the values of Do and the activation energy Q6

,"nturran nirai D" don tenaga pengahifan Q,.

0, , D s6 v (
+
\v,

-'

D,

,; -. ,,p(? ) r+, \;)

-

(2a markstmatkah)

" -1i?. "^u,,oCompute the magnitude of D at 125A"C?

Tentukan magnitud D pada suhu 1250"C?

(20 marks/markah)

...6/-

IEBB 113I

-6(.,t

1v1

The phase diagram of copper-zinc is given Figure 2.

Gambarajahfasa bagi htprurn -zink diberikm dalam Rajah 2.

ut,.

fi+L

ES
auS

9.v

E'fi 600

1200

oL

ui ,,

Ei

(5'S

sggoc

E"i
E

c)

F
10w

80

Compositions, wt%o Zn,

Komposisi, bt % Zn

(_

Lt)

Figure 2. Phase diagram of copper-zinc system.

Rajah 2: Gambarajahfasa bagi sistem kuprum-zink.

lal

For the point labeled as A and B on the above diagram:

Bagi titik yang dilabelkan sebagai A dan B pada rajah di atas:

(

rr-1

-)L/t)

AI

L .

!+L

...71-

IEBB 113I

-7-

Name the points.

Namakan titik-titik ters eb*.

(20 markslmarkoh)

(ii)

Explain and write equilibrium equations that represents the points.

Terang dan tuliskan persama(m keseimbangan yang diwakili titik-titik

tersebut.

{20markslmarknh)

tb]

Copper-silver phase diagram is shown in Figure 3. Copper has a

higher melting point than silver. Refer to the silver+ich solid phase as
gamma (y) the coppef rich solid phase as delta (6) and theJggrd_ag_t.
Answer the following questions.

Rajah 3 adalah gambwajah fasa hryrum-perak Kuprum mempunyai

takat lebur yang lebih tinggi berb,anding perak. Dengan merujuk kepada
fasa kaya pepejal perak sebagai gamma (fl dan, fasa koya pepejal kuprum
sebagai delta

(fi

danfasa cecair dilabel sebagai

L.

Jowab soalan - soalan

berilatt.

...8t-

IEBB 113I

-8(q-7h

(
Id

\tn'"

o1

(.}

(D

l-

0c
.h5

IfaS0

Lo

70

Cothbosition X E
flj

Lq
b

so q1g
16

8_0

{)

c^

A3

Figure 3: A phase diagram for elements A and B.

Rajah 3: Gambarajah bagi elemen A

dm

B.
t

(i)

For an overall composition of 60% B (4oo/o A) at a temperature

of

850"C, calculate

the compositions

and amounts of the

phases present?

Bagi fumposisi keseluruhan sebanltak 60% B @A% e pada

suhu 850" C, tentukan kamposisi dan jumtah fasa yong hadir,
(20 markslmmkah)

(.p

"

-- c{

z*;*tld

/.
L

"

,
f
L_!--1-J:,

a.c( - (u

...9/-

IEBB 113I

For an overall composition of 30% B (70Yo A) at a temperature

of 1000'C, calculate the compositions and amounts of the

(ii)

phases present.

Untuk komposisi keseluruhan sebanyak 30%

(70% A) pada

suhu 1000" C, tentukan komposisi dan jumlahfasa ymg hadir

(2Omarkslmarkah)

(iii)

For an overall composition of 10Yo B (90% A) at a temperature

of 850'C, calculate the compositions and amounts of the
phases present?

Untuk lromposisi keselwuhan sebanyak

1A%

(90% A) pada

suhu\S|oC, apakah leomposisi dan jumlah fasa yang hadir.

(20 marks/marknh)

4.

lal

State reason why rcmic-materials are in general, harder yet more

brittle than

metals.

:::*/
t-n

Nyatalran sebab mengapa bahan seramik secara umumnya keras i191!g!rapu!

b

erbartding b ahnn I ogn,n.

- boxl
..a^k;C

'tdv^l'At

i' I l'''

(20 marks/mmkah)

...101-

IEBB 113I

-10-

lbl

rapidly'
Describe problems that might exist with a steelweld that was cooled

lteluli yang
Perihalkan masalah - masalah yang mtmgkin wuiud bagi kimpalan
diseiuhikan dengan sangat pantas'

(40 marks/markah)

Icl

when selecting metallic materials or alloy for biomedical applications, what

would satisfy
cbgreulerisrics should you consider? suggest materials that
your requirements.
apakah ciri'ciri
Apabita memitih balwn logam atau aloi mtuk aplihnsi bioperubatan,
yang memenuhi syarat'
yang perlu mtda pertimbongkan? cadanglcan bahan-bahan

syarat

tersebfi'
(4o markstmarkah)

...111-

IEBB 1131

-11 5.

[a] ln an aligned and continuous carbon

composite, the fibers are

to

carry

95o/o

flber-reinforced nylon 6,6

of a load applied

in the

lorlgtlUdtleldirection. The mechanical characteristics of these materials

are as follows:
Dalam komposit gentian karbon berterusan dan tersusun bertetulctng nilon 6,6
gentian akan memindahkan 95% daripada beban yang dikenak*t dalam arah
membujur. Ciri-ciri mekanikal bahan ini adalah seperti berikut:

of

Materials/

Modulus

Bahnn

Modulus Kecnfalan

Kekuaton Tegangan

[GPa]

[MPa]

Carbon Fiber/ Gentian Karbon

260

4000

Nylon 6,61 Nilon 6,6

2.8

76

Determine

Elasticity

Tensile Strength/

the

d.

Tentulmn pecahan isipadu gentian ycntg diperlukan.

Kn.r"t"6l

vii.

(25 makslmarkah)

Calculate the tensile strength of this composite? Assume

that the matrix stress at fiber failure is 50 MPa. z

Kirakan

kekuatan tegangan komposit

matrik pada kegagalan gentian adalah

ini. Anggap

tegasan

50 MPa.

(25 markslmarkah)

...12t-

IEBB 113I

-12tbl

(i)

Explain why

l@

is good to make grocery

bags, however, ultrahigh molecular weight potyethylene must

be used where strength and wear resistance is needed.

Jelaskan mengapa polietilena berketumpatart rendah sesuai wfiuk

membuat beg barangan runcit, walaubagairn(maptm, polietilena

berat molelrul ultratinggi mesti digmalcan di mana kekuatan dan
r intan gan haus dip er lukan.

(15 marks/zarkah)

(ii)

Briefly explain how each of the following influences the tensile

modulus of a semicrystalline polymer

Secwa ringkas terangkan bagaimana setiap yang berihtt pengaruhi

modulus tegangan polimer separa hablur

(a)

Molecular weight.

3L)

\d*t

Qw
\-j

Berat molelai

(b)

Degree of crystallinity.

Darjah kehabluran

\p

--

(15 marks/zarkah)

...13t-

IEBB 1131

(iii)

Explain briefly why the tendency of a polymer to crystallize

increasing molecular weight.
$ecreases with

Secsa ringlras terangkan mengapa kecenderungan polimer

untuk menghabhr berktnartg dengot peningkatart

berat molehtl.

(20 marks/ markah)

Distinguish between elastic and plastic deformation.

lal

Bezakran antara ubah

bennk elastik

dan

plastih

(15 marks/markah)
Define the hardness of a metal.

TakriJlran kekerasan sesuatu bahon logam.

(10 marks/markah)

Describe how to determine the hardness of materials by using

the hardness testing machine.

Perihaltran bagaimoukah kekerasan sesuatu bahatt dapat

ditentukan dengot mesin uiian kekerasan?
(20 markslmarknh)

(iv)

Give an example of hardness test.

Berilwn satu contoh uiian kekerasart.

(5 marks/zarlcah)

..,141-

[EBts 113]

-14_
(i)

lbI

Describe the electrical conduction in metals.

of
P

erihallron kekonduks ian elektrik lo gam

^
,l02

vr llz

\?4
;

.*l

)P

0l

(2A marks/markah)

:-d'

[;.H

(ii)

F -

,T otrl

A
Determine the minimum diameter of a copper wire that needs

Iv

to carry a 10 A current with a ry!?Xryum_vgllgge drop ol-9.4,

V/m? [conductivity of copper,

<r

= 5.85 x t07

1O.m1-11

Tentulcan diameter minimum yang diperlukan untuk sebatangwqynr

kuprum yang perlu membavva arus 10

dengan keiatuhan voltan

o:
f ' cr (0',r^,t
/!

malr.sima sebanyak 0.4 V/m [Kekondutcsian kuprum,

@.mI|l

,1-_

6= ):
\[

c,

107

-L

iJ

' (30 markslmarkah)

,4

/J

d-

5.85

A- \{A
//-

/t-'<
{.r'

r-'

.'-

ti

,.7

r"'l

(/'-

e{

' 'e
/
r

A1

-4t-_!{

- ooooooo -

,d

,o' ),,
,1

J"

A . 1o''

4.-

A:

,/
:--

1 6qQ
\-7
4-r
rt
),^.

,) :